CAVOK :

(1) Visibility is 10 km or more .

(2) No CBs or TCU .
(3) NO cloud below ( 5000 ft) or below the MSA, if MSA HIGHER than 5000' .
(3) No significant weather in aerodrome or in vicinity ( 8 Km )

TEMPO
Temporary fluctuations of less than 1 hour and in aggregate less than half the period.
fluctuation met of less than 1 hr duration
NOSIG and in total less 1/2 of forecast period.
NO SIGNIFICANT CHANGE.
2 HRS
CLOUDS
FEW - (1 – 2 oktas) BECMG" : Valid 2 hours but not
SCT - (3 – 4 oktas) more than 4 hours.
BKN - (5 – 7 oktas)
OVR - ( 8 oktas )
SIGMENT
Information concerning EN-Route Weather Phenomena or
Significant Meteorological information ( Warning of weather Hazards ) .

NSC
Nil Significant Cloud below 5000' or below MSA . No CBs or TCU .

VC ( vicinity ) not in AIPORT
between approximately 8 km and 16 km from the aerodrome reference point.











DR - less than 2 meter above ground,
Shear Rate
BL - 2 meter or more above ground. 1-4 Light
BR - Visibility at least 1000 m but not more than 5000 m. 5-9 Moderate
FG – visibility less than 1000 m. 10-14 Severe


COMMUNICATION FAILURE ICAO
VMC :
1- fly in visual meteorological.
2- land at the nearest suitable aerodrome .

IMC :
1- maintain the last assigned SPD and LVL , or a MSA if higher, for a period of 20 minutes or
2- in airspace where an ATS surveillance system is used in the provision of air traffic con-trol,
maintain the last assigned speed and level, or minimum flight altitude if higher, for a period of
7 minutes following:
* the time the last assigned level or minimum flight altitude is reached or
* the time the transponder is set to Code 7600 or
* the A/C failure to report its position over a compulsory reporting point.
3- adjust LVL and SPD in accordance with the flight plan.
4- proceed according to the current FL route to the appropriate destination .
5- hold over aid or fix until commencement of descent.
6- commence descent from the navigation aid or as close as possible to, the expected
approach time last received and acknowledged; or, if no expected approach time has been
received and acknowledged, at, or as close as possible to, the estimated time of arrival
resulting from the current flight plan.
7- complete a normal instrument approach procedure
8- land, if possible, within 30 minutes after the estimated time of arrival specified


COMMUNICATION FAILURE ( KWI ) IMC :
* Maintain last assigned HDG and FL or ALT for 3 minutes after DEP .
* Continue a current FP by routing direct to the first En-Route reporting point and CL to the
* Last acknowledged En-Route FL cleared by ATC. Following unsuccessful attempts to
establish RTF contact,
* Aircraft equipped with satellite and/or mobile phones shall attempt to contact:
Kuwait ACC +965 2476 2994 or
Kuwait TWR +965 2471 0088.


CIRCLE-TO-LAND MINIMUMS (EU-OPS 1)









SYMBOLS FOR SIGNIFICANT WEATHER





























* || Symbol means height of the jet axis changes by +/- 3000 ft
or the speed changes by +/- 20 kt.

CB only:
ISOL = individual CBs (isolated)
OCNL = well separated CBs (occasional)
FRQ = CBs with little or no separation (frequent)
EMBD = CBs embedded in layers of other clouds or concealed by haze (embedded)


LARGE AIRCRAFT (LACFT) wing span – more than 65m

AIRPORT ELEVATION The highest point of an airports usable runways measured in feet
from mean sea level. In a few countries, the airport elevation is determined at the airport
reference point.
The highest 33R

































GRID ALTITUDE
* derived by Jeppesen
* man-made structures by 1000ft in areas where the highest elevations are 5000ft MSL or
lower. 2000ft in areas where the highest elevations are 5001ft MSL or higher .



MINIMUM ENROUTE IFR ALTITUDE (MEA)
* The lowest published altitude between radio fixes that meets obstacle clearance
requirements between those fixes and in many countries assures acceptable navigational signal
coverage.



MINIMUM OBSTRUCTION CLEARANCE ALTITUDE (MOCA). (4500T)
* The lowest published altitude in effect between radio fixes on VOR airways, off airway routes,
or route segments which meets obstacle clearance requirements for the entire route segment


MINIMUM OFF-ROUTE ALTITUDE (MORA). (4500a)
* This is an altitude derived by Jeppesen. The MORA provides known obstruction clearance
10NM either side of the route centerline including a 10NM radius beyond the radio fix
reporting or mileage break defining the route segment.
* MORA does not provide for navaid signal coverage or communication coverage.


MINIMUM SAFE/SECTOR ALTITUDE (MSA)
* provides 1000ft of obstacle clearance within a 25NM radius from the navigational
* This altitude is for EMERGENCY USE ONLY.



MINIMUM RECEPTION ALTITUDE (MRA)


MAXIMUM AUTHORIZED ALTITUDE (MAA)

MINIMUM AUTHORIZED ALTITUDE (MHA)


MINIMUM CROSSING ALTITUDE (MCA)


OBSTACLE CLEARANCE ALTITUDE (OCA) OR OBSTACLE CLEARANCE
HEIGHT (OCH)
* The lowest altitude or the lowest height above the elevation of the relevant runway
threshold
* An obstacle clearance height for a circling approach is referenced to the aerodrome
elevation.


TERMINAL AREA (ICAO)
* A control area normally established at the confluence of ATS routes in the vicinity of one or
more major aerodromes.
* When terminal area radar is employed, the aircraft is vectored to a fix, or onto the
intermediate or final approach track, at a point where the approach may be continued by the
pilot by referring to the instrument approach chart.


TAKE-OFF RUN AVAILABLE (TORA) (ICAO)
* The length of runway declared available and suitable for the ground run of an airplane taking
off.

TAKE-OFF DISTANCE AVAILABLE (TODA) (ICAO)
* The length of the TORA + clearway, if provided .

50ft above RWY threshold
LANDING DISTANCE AVAILABLE (LDA).
* The length of runway which is declared available and suitable for the ground run of an
airplane landing.

STOPWAY
* area on the ground at the end of TORA prepared as a suitable area in which an aircraft can
be stopped in the case of an abandoned take-off.

HIGH SPEED TAXIWAY / TURNOFF (HST).
* Traveling at high speed (up to 60KT) .

THRESHOLD CROSSING HEIGHT (TCH)
* The height above the runway threshold at which the aircraft's glide slope antenna would be
if the aircraft maintains the trajectory of the ILS glide slope.

TOUCHDOWN ZONE ELEVATION (TDZE)
* The highest elevation in the first 3000ft of the landing surface.

ACCELERATE STOP DISTANCE AVAILABLE (ASDA)

— The length of the take-off run availa-ble plus the length of the
stopway, if provided.
INTERCEPTION
1- follow the instructions given by the intercepting aircraft, and responding to visual signals.
2- notify ATC .
3- establish radio communication with the intercepting aircraft 121.5 MHz.
4- SSR transponder, select Mode A, Code 7700

RADIO COMMUNICATION NOT POSSIBLE

























* Segment minimum Altitudes

- In the event of a delay of thirty (30) minutes in excess, the flight plan should be amended












1- TERPS : state has specified that APR PROCEDURE complied with US .
2- PAN-OPS : state has spcified that APR PROCEDURE complied with ICAO PAN-OPS
3- MIPS : Military.
4- AMEND S : Shown when Procedure has been amendment sipply by USA .
5- TERRS AMEND 1 : only show on USA .



















VISUAL APR : below FL200 ICAO
- Ceiling more than 1500' . HORIZONTAL / 1000' VERTICAL
- Vis 5km or more .

Minimum sector altitudes or terminal arrival
- are established for each aerodrome and provide (1000 ft) obstacle clearance within (25 NM)
of the navigation aid,

(IAF) initial approach fix or (IF) intermediate fix associated with the approach procedure.

Maximum angle of interception of initial approach (IAF)
90° for a precision approach.
120° for a non-precision approach.

PROCEDURES FOR RACETRACK AND REVERSAL PROCEDURES



HOLD

track within ±30° of the outbound track of the reversal procedure you can continue or do a hold


Fly outbound on the specified track, this descent shall not be started until the aircraft is
established :
- within half full scale deflection for the ILS and VOR; or ( each dot 5° PFD VOR )
- within ±5° of the required bearing for the NDB.

DESCENT OUTBOUND MAX (1197 ft/min)

DESCENT INBOUND MAX (1000 ft/min) MIN (590 ft/min).

Types of reversal and racetrack procedures :















Missed approach gradient
Normally procedures are based on a minimum missed approach climb gradient of 2.5 per cent.

INTERMEDIATE PHASE begins at the SOC till first point where (164 ft) obstacle clearance is obtained
and can be maintained.
FINAL PHASE begins at the point where (164 ft) obstacle clearance till the point where a new approach,
holding or a return.


VISUAL MANOEUVRING (CIRCLING) TERR 1.9nm !!
Runway should be kept in sight , Radius from threshold ( 4.2 nm ) .


MISSED APPROACH PROCEDURE WHILE CIRCLING
If visual reference is lost while circling to land , the missed approach specified for that particular
procedure shall be followed. initiated by a climbing turn.