LECTURE 7: PIPING

DRAFTING & DRAWING

Prepared by: Nor Helya Iman Bt. Kamaludin

helya@unimap.edu.my

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Industrial Process Piping

 Industrial process piping involves the used of

piping to transport fluids between storage
tanks and processing equipment.

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Types of Piping
 Plumbing
 Civil Piping
 Transportation Piping
PVC Pipes

Infrastructure Pipes

Fuel Pipes
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Uses of Industrial Piping

 Water
 Natural gas
 Electric power
 Specialty items like paper pulp or liquid
foods
 Sewer
 Storm drains
 And more…
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Pipe Drafting

 Pipe drafting utilizes many different types of

drawings:
 Flow diagrams
 Structural and site plans
 Mechanical and instrumentation drawings
 Pipe can be drawn in two forms: double line &
single line.

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 Facts about Pipe Drafting

Most common & complex type of pipe drawing are plans and
sections that show building outlines.

Equipment shown on piping plans and section drawings are drawn

as outlines to illustrate clearances and access.

Piping drawings are normally dimensioned in an architectural

style.

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Facts about Pipe Drafting
Single-line Double-line
Drawings (time Drawings (easiest
saving method) to interpret)

The centerline is Used extensively

used to represent by equipment
the pipe manufacturers

Used to portray
Standard pipe
large diameter
symbols are used
pipe

Pipe & fittings

are drawn as
heavy lines
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Pipe Drawing
Piping drawings show the size and location of pipes, fittings, and
valves. A set of symbols has been developed to identify these
features on drawings.

Using scale drawing, it provides plan, elevation and section views.

All equipment, fittings, dimensions and notes are shown on this

type of drawing.

The two types of projection used in plumbing and piping diagrams

are projection orthographic and isometric (pictorial).

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ORTHOGRAPHIC PLUMBING PIPE
DRAWINGS
An orthographic drawing that shows all of the pipe and fittings
needed to assemble a segment of piping

Orthographic pipe drawings can be:

- single-line drawings: the centerline which represent the pipe is drawn
as a thick line and add valves and fittings, OR
- double- line drawings: need to draw each valve and fitting that are
required in piping system

Drafters usually use single-line drawings to shows the arrangement

of pipes and fittings.

Single-line drawings take less time and show all information

required to layout and produce a piping system.
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ORTHOGRAPHIC PLUMBING PIPE
DRAWINGS (CONT’D)

Double-line drawings are generally used in

applications, such as catalogs, where visual appearance
is more important than drawing time (require more time
to draw)

Orthographic pipe drawings are sometimes used on

more complicated piping systems.

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ORTHOGRAPHIC PLUMBING PIPE
DRAWINGS (CONT’D)

Double-line orthographic
drawing
Single-line orthographic
drawing
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ISOMETRIC (PICTORIAL) PLUMBING
PIPE DRAWING

The finished
Isometric pipe drawings are
drawings use Apply either easier to
to draw for all the single-line understand in
pipes bend in or double line pictorial format
more than one method. than as
plane. orthographic line
drawings.

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ISOMETRIC (PICTORIAL) PLUMBING
PIPE DRAWING (CONT’D)

Single-line isometric Double-line isometric

pipe drawing pipe drawing

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CONNECTION
Draftsman normally will use a general note or
specification to describe the type of connection.

The specification, a general note, or bill of material will list

the types of connections such as flanges, unions, or
couplings and whether the fittings are flanged or threaded.

Permanent connections, whether made by welding or

other processes such as gluing or soldering, should be
shown on the drawing by a heavy dot.

Detachable connections are shown by a single thick line.

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Connection

Permanent and detachable connections

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FITTINGS
Sometimes standard symbols for fittings like tees, elbows, crossings, and
so forth, are not shown on drawings.

Use the circular symbol for a tee or elbow when it is necessary to show
piping coming toward or moving away from the viewer.

Indicating the PTT

ends105:of pipe fittings
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Types of Pipe

 Cast Iron  Clay

 Steel  Glass
 Copper & Copper Alloys  Wood
 Plastic  Steel Tubing

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Plumbing fittings
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Common pipe line symbols

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Common piping symbols PTT 105: Engineering Graphics 20
 Common plumbing
symbols

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 Valves
Because of the variety of the types of systems, fluids, and environments in which valves
must operate, a vast array of valve types have been developed.

Examples of the common types are the globe valve, gate valve, ball valve, plug valve,
butterfly valve, diaphragm valve, check valve, pinch valve, and safety valve.

Each type of valve has been designed to meet specific needs. Some valves are capable
of throttling flow, other valve types can only stop flow, others work well in corrosive
systems, and others handle high pressure fluids.

All valves have the same basic component and function to control flow.

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Gate Valves
 A gate valve is a linear
motion valve used to
start or stop fluid flow;

 However, it does not

regulate or throttle flow.

 The name gate is derived

from the appearance of the
disk in the flow stream.

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Globe valve

 A globe valve is a linear

motion valve used to
stop, start, and regulate
fluid flow.

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Butterfly valve
 A butterfly valve is a rotary
motionvalve that is used to
start, stop, and regulate
fluid flow.

 Butterfly valves are easily and

quickly operated because a 90o
rotation of the handle moves the
disk from a fully closed to fully
opened position.

 Larger butterfly valves are actuated

by handwheels connected to the
stem through gears that provide
mechanical advantage at the
expense of speed.

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Check valve
Check valves are designed to prevent the reversal of flow
in a piping system.

These valves are activated by the flowing material in the

pipeline.

The pressure of the fluid passing through the system opens

the valve, while any reversal of flow will close the valve.

Closure is accomplished by the weight of the check

mechanism, by back pressure, by a spring, or by a
combination of these means.

The general types of check valves are swing, tilting-disk,

piston, butterfly, and stop.

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Relief Valve

Relief valves are

typically used for
incompressible fluids
such as water or oil.

Safety valves can

often be distinguished Safety valves are
by the presence of an typically used for
external lever at the compressible fluids
top of the valve body, such as steam or other
which is used as an gases.
operational check.

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Models of Pipe Layouts

Models are often used to illustrate and

troubleshoot the layout of a piping system

The advantage is the ability to see clearances and

interferences

Operators can be trained on the piping system

using a model.

Today 3-D CAD models are being utilized.

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Example of pipe layout model

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 THE END…
THANK YOU 

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