Outlines

• Introduction to Data Cabling

• Structured Cabling and Standardization
• Choosing the Correct Cabling
• Cable System and Infrastructure Constraints
• Cabling System Components
• Network Media and Connectors
• Cabling System Design and Installation
• Cable: Connector Installation
• Cable System Testing and Troubleshooting
Introduction to Data
Cabling
 The Golden Rules of Data Cabling
 What follows is our list of rules to consider when planning structured
cabling systems:
• Networks never get smaller or less complicated.
• Build one cabling system that will accommodate voice and data.
• Always install more cabling than you currently require.
• Use structured-cabling standards when building a new cabling
system.
• Use high-quality cabling and cabling components.
• Cable must be installed correctly
• Plan for higher speed technologies than are commonly available
today.
The Importance of Reliable Cabling
• Data cabling typically accounts for less than 10 percent of the
total cost of the network infrastructure.
• The life span of the typical cabling system is upwards of 16 years.
• Nearly 70 percent of all network-related problems are due to
poor cabling techniques and cable-component problems.

Is the Cabling to Blame?

Types of Communications Media
 Four major types of communications media (cabling)
• Twisted pair (unshielded twisted pair (UTP), shielded or
screened twisted pair (STP or ScTP) )
• Coaxial
• fiber optic (FO)
Backbone cables connect network equipment such as servers,
switches, and routers and connect equipment rooms and
communication closets. (fiber optics)
Horizontal cables run from the communication closets to the
wall outlets.(UTP)
Twisted Pair

A pair of wires are twisted together.

•Twisted pair is the ordinary copper wire that connects home
and many business computers to the telephone company.
•Telephone system will carries most of the data consists
heavily of twisted-wire pair.
Two types of Twisted Pair
•Shielded Twisted Pair (STP)
•Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP)
Shielded Twisted Pair (STP) vs Unshielded
Twister Pair (UTP)
• STP cables are shielded while UTP cables are unshielded
• STP cables are more immune to interference and noise than
UTP cables
• STP cables are better at maximizing bandwidth compared to
UTP cables
• STP cables cost more per meter compared to UTP cables
• STP cables are heavier per meter compared to UTP cables
Coaxial Cable
Coaxial cable offer much faster data transmission, it is used for
underground and underwater lines.
•It is not susceptible to noise or electrical interference and can
transmit data over long distance.
Coaxial can be used in 2 ways:
• Digital baseband transmission - Baseband is a data only
digital transmission at high-speed on a single shared
channel.
• Broadband transmission
1. Use high-frequency carrier waves and analog
transmission.
2. can transmit data using a number of different frequency
(allows transmit data at high speed and low speed, voice
and video signal) on a single cable.
Fiber Optic
• Fiber optic consist of a core of glass or plastic which carries
the signal.
• Optical fibers are widely used in fiber-optic communications,
which permits transmission over longer distances and at higher
bandwidths (data rates) than other forms of communication.
•Transmission techniques involves the use of lasers to generate
the signal.
Fiber Optic

• Advantages:
• Large data capacity ( 30 000 simultaneous calls).
• High speed transmission (1 Gbps)
• High secure
• Very low transmission error rate.
Cable Design
• Do you know what types of cable can be run above the
ceiling?
• What do all those markings on the cable mean?
• Can you safely untwist a twisted-pair cable?
• What is the difference between shielded and unshielded
twisted-pair cable?
• What is the difference between single-mode and multimode
fiber-optic cable?
Do you know what types of cable can be
run above the ceiling?

Plenum
• According to building engineers, construction contractors,
and air-conditioning people is the space between the false
ceiling and the structural ceiling, when that space is used
for air circulation, heating ventilation, and air conditioning
(HVAC).
• Cable-design engineers refer to plenum as a type of cable
that is rated for use in the plenum spaces of a building.
Riser
• The riser is a vertical shaft used to route cable between
two floors. Often, it is nothing more complicated than a
hole (core) that is drilled in the floor and allows cables to
pass through.
Marking
• For cables manufactured for use in the United States and Canada,
these markings may identify the following:
• Cable manufacturer and manufacturer part number.
• Category of cable (e.g., UTP).
• NEC/UL flame tests and ratings.
• CSA (Canadian Standards Association) flame tests.
• Footage indicators(see how many feet of cable remains).
Twists
• The twists help to cancel out the electromagnetic
interference (EMI) generated by voltage used to send a
signal over the wire.
Data Communication
Bandwidth, Frequency, and Data Rate
• cables are rated in hertz rather than bits per second. Network
engineers are more concerned with how much data can be pushed
through the cable than with the frequency at which that data is
traveling.
• Frequency is the number of cycles completed per unit of time and
is generally expressed in hertz (cycles per second).
• Bandwidth of a cable is the maximum frequency at which data can
be effectively transmitted and received.
• The bit rate is dependent upon the network electronics, not the
cable, provided the operating frequency of the network is within
the cables usable bandwidth.
Cable bandwidth
• It is a function of three interrelated, major elements:
 Distance
 Frequency
 Signal-level-to-noise-level ratio (SNR).
Lecture 1

finished