Structured Cabling System

Ceril, John Evan

Chavez, Jerard Erl
Dela Cruz, Patrick
Malagdao, Christian Paul
Suelto, Josephine
ECE 4-1

Outline
Structured Cabling System (SCS)
Terms of Definition
History and Development of SCS
Definition of Terms
Standards and Differences
Element and Component of SCS

Structured Cabling System

Terms of Definition

What Is Premises Cabling

Anyway?
Cabling inside
buildings and on
campuses
Cabling to support
voice, data and video
communications and
security systems
Generally customerowned
Involving many cable
types but primarily
unshielded twisted
pair copper, fiber

What Is Premises Cabling

Anyway?
It goes by many
names:

Premises cabling
Structured cabling
VDV cabling
Data cabling
Low voltage cabling
Limited energy cabling
Telecom cabling
Teledata cabling
Information transport
systems

Its mostly a
standardized cabling

What Are Structured Cabling Standards

Used In Premises Cabling?
A standardized premises cabling
infrastructure developed by vendors to
insure interoperability of networks
designed to run on several types of cabling
Flexible cabling scheme for fiber optics and
copper
Without regard to its ultimate use
Support voice and data (and even video for
short distances)
Allow easier moves, adds and changes
Upgrading to different network types
Not mandatory like NEC but followed for

Structured Cabling
A structured cabling system is the wiring
network that carries all your data, voice,
multimedia, security and even wireless
connections throughout your building or
campus. It includes everything from the data
centre to the desktop, including cabling,
connecting hardware, equipment,
telecommunications rooms, cable pathways,
work areas, and even the jacks on the wall
plate in your office. (Szyper, 2007)

Structured Cabling
A structured cabling system is a complete
system of cabling and associated hardware,
which provides a comprehensive
telecommunications infrastructure. This
infrastructure serves a wide range of uses,
such as to provide telephone service or
transmit data through a computer network.
(Rosenberg, 2000)

Structured Cabling
A structured cabling system (SCS) is a
set of cabling and connectivity products that
integrates the voice, data, video and various
management systems of a building (such as
safety alarms, security access, energy
systems, etc.). (The International
Engineering Consortium, 2008)

Structured Cabling
Uses UTP or fiber cable for
Security, CCTV, intrusion alarms
PA, audio systems
Building controls, etc

Uses coax primarily for video, although

CCTV can use UTP or fiber structured cabling

UTP

Coax

History and Development of

Structured Cabling System

Where Did Premises Cabling

Standards Originate?
From AT&Ts design guidelines for
telecommunications cabling
Developed from a 1982 survey of 79
businesses
Involving over 10,000 cable runs
Cabling was almost all telephones to wiring
closets and PBXes (Private Branch
Exchanges)
99.9% of all stations were less than 300
feet (about 100 meters) from the wiring
closet
95% of all desktops are within 50 meters

What Happened Since 1982?

PC and PC Networks
Minicomputer
Ethernet domination of networks
Networks over UTP cable
10 generations of network wiring
Fiber optics
Internet and www
Wireless phones and networking

What Happened Since 1982?

Hybrid Fiber Coax (HFC)
ACTV systems offering
Internet Access
Fiber To The Home (FTTH)
Structures cabling in
homes
VoIP (Voice over IP)
Security using Structured
cabling
Power over Ethernet (POE)

What Happened Since 1982?

Has Cabling Kept Up

Over The Last 25 Years?

10 Generations Of Copper

Thicknet
Thinnet
UTP
Cat 3
Cat 4
Cat 5
Cat 5e
Cat 6
ISO Class F
Augmented Cat 6

3 Generations Of Fiber
SMA
Multimode
Singlemode
100 connectors!
ST
SC

LC

What Happened Since 1982?

Premises Cabling, Ancient History

UTP cabling
10base-T
Telecom closets
Looks just like that
1982 telephone
cabling AT&T
surveyed

Premises Cabling Today

Practically very large network has:
Most desktops still on UTP copper cables
Fiber optic backbone
Multiple wireless access points

Premises Cabling Today With

Centralized Fiber
Option for centralized
fiber
Removes need for
power, ground and AC in
telecom closet (room)
Removes need for
telecom room
May be cheaper on first
install, certainly by first
upgrade for copper

Premises Cabling Today NonTraditional Uses

Security systems
CCTV
Intrusion alarms
Card entry

Building management
Lighting
HVAC

Definition of Terms

Definition of Terms
OSI
(Open Systems Interconnection) the 7-layers
suite of protocols designed by ISO committees
to be the international standard computer
network architecture

MMF
(Multimode Fiber optic Cable) in which the
signal or light propagates in multiple modes or
paths

Definition of Terms
MDF
(Main Distribution Frame) a distribution frame on
one part of which terminatethe permanent outside
lines entering the central office building and on
anotherpart of which terminate the subscriber line
multiple cabling, trunk multiplecabling, etc.

Definition of Terms
ST
(Straight Tip) A fiber optic connector which uses
the bayonet style coupling.

SC
(Structured Connector) A fiber optic connector
with a push-pull mating design. Commonly
referred to as Structured Connectors or Stick and
Click.

UTP
(Unshielded Twisted Pair) A cable that consists of
two or more insulated conductors in which each
pair of conductors are twisted around each other.

Definition of Terms
RJ45
(Registered Jack-45) A
telephone connector
that holds up to eight
wires, used in Ethernet
devices

T568A/B
Color coding used for
normal network cabling

Definition of Terms
wiring diagram
A point to point, highway or
airline wiring format which
defines the wiring path and
color code of wire to and
from apparatus components.

wire
A single metallic conductor,
usually solid-drawn and
circular in cross section

Definition of Terms
10Base-T
An Institute of Electrical & Electronic Engineers
(IEEE) 802.3 working group designing a
specification for 10 Mbps CSMA/CD baseband local
area networking (LAN) transmission commonly
called Ethernet over twisted-pair wiring.

100Base-T
A specification for 100 Mbps - commonly called
Fast Ethernet over twisted-pair wiring.

1000Base-T
A IEEE 802.3z working group designing a
specification for 1000 Mbps - commonly called
Gigabit Ethernet.

Definition of Terms
cable
A single wire or group of
individual wires in a single
sheath

cable riser
Cable running vertically in a
multi-story building to serve the
upper floors.

cable tray
Steel trough erected above
equipment racks to support
cable runs in an equipment
room

Definition of Terms
cable pathway
systems providing
horizontal, vertical and
backbone pathways
from your data room to
your workstations

cable runway
or Ladder Rack,
horizontal, vertical and
backbone pathways for
your computer room,
telecommunications
room and data center

Definition of Terms
closet
a cabinet or enclosed recess
for telecommunications
devices

demarcation point
the location within a building
where the lines from the
telephone company connect
to the customer's lines.

Definition of Terms
shielded cable
Cable with metal tape shield
wrapped around the
insulated conductors.

twisted pair
Insulated wire in which pairs
are twisted together.

rack
A structure on which
equipment is mounted

Definition of Terms
conduit
A device used to hold,
organize, and protect
electrical or optical
cables

cross connection
A mapping between two
channels or paths at a
network device

Definition of Terms
backbone
The main connectivity
device of a distributed
system. All systems that
have connectivity to the
backbone connect to
each other

antenna
A device for transmitting
or receiving, or
transmitting and
receiving signals

Definition of Terms
patch panel
A generic device that
allows for organizing and
connecting the copper
and fiber optic cables

power cord
A three-wire (sometimes
two-wire) cord used to
make connection with an
AC public power supply

Definition of Terms
layout
A proposed or actual arrangement or allocation of
equipment

ground
An intentional or accidental connection between

Definition of Terms
Interbuilding
Interbuilding backbone cable handles traffic between
buildings.

intrabuilding
Intrabuilding backbone cable handles traffic between
closets in a single building.

Definition of Terms
telecommunication outlet
The telecommunications outlet is
usually fixed to the wall with places
to connect cables from PCs that
look similar to telephone
connections.

Jack
Ajackis similar to a port and is a
hole or other connection that
allows a compatible plug to be
connected into the jack.

Standards

Standards Organizations
A standardized premises cabling
infrastructure developed by vendors to
insure interoperability of networks
designed to run on several types of
cabling
Not mandatory like NEC but followed
for interoperability

Standard Cabling
Architecture

Structured Cabling
Uses UTP or fiber cable for
Security, CCTV, intrusion alarms
PA, audio systems
Building controls, etc

Uses coax primarily for video, although

CCTV can use UTP or fiber structured cabling

UTP

Coax

Structured Cabling Standards

Standards are written by and for
manufacturers, not end user or installers
Creates mutually agreed-upon
specifications for product development
Manufacturers create products that exceed
minimum specs of standards for competitive
advantage
Manufacturers provide interpretation of
standards for installers and users
Manufacturers provide instructions on
designing an installing components per
standards

Standards Organizations
EIA/TIA (USA)
Electrical/Telecommunication Industries
Association
ANSI
American National Standards Institute
ISO/IEC
International Organization for Standardization
International Electrotechnical Commission
CENELC
European Committee for Electrotechnical
Standardization
IEEE

Standards Organizations

General Standards
ANSI/TIA/EIA-568A
Commercial Building Wiring standard which
specifies the requirements for category 3, 4 and
5 cabling.

ANSI/TIA/EIA-569
The standard covering pathways and spaces for
commercial building wiring.

ANSI/TIA/EIA-606
The standard covering administration and
labelling of commercial building wiring.

ISO/IEC/IS-11801
International standard covering all of the above

568 Architecture
Master equipment in
the main crossconnect
May be intermediate
cross connects
The
telecommunications
closet houses
interconnections
between the
backbone and
horizontal runs

Cables used
Backbone cabling
telecomm closets to equipment
room to building entrance facilities
UTP or STP
Multimode fiber (62.5/125,
50/125)
Singlemode fiber

Horizontal cabling
to work area
UTP (one for telephone, one for
data)
STP
Multimode fiber (62.5/125,

Not 568 Cables

Not included in 568 standards are:

Old style Ethernet coax

Thicknet
cable
Thinnet
RG58 coax
RG-6
CATV and satellite coax
RG-69
CCTV cable types
Many other obsolete
ISO/IEC Class F
Cat 7, (shielded)

Wireless
Wireless is becoming user
connection of choice
WiFi has been developed to
provide adequate bandwidth for
most users
WiFi is widely available, often free
Allows mobility, taking laptops
to meetings, airports, hotels, etc.
Supports new devices (iPhones,
Blackberries) and applications
(VoIP)

Wireless
Wireless is becoming user
connection of choice
WiFi has been developed to
provide adequate bandwidth for
most users
WiFi is widely available, often free
Allows mobility, taking laptops
to meetings, airports, hotels, etc.
Supports new devices (iPhones,
Blackberries) and applications
(VoIP)

Guidelines for Cabling

Standards

568 was written by and for

manufacturers, not designers or installers
Written as agreed upon specifications for
product development
Manufacturers are best source of
information on
What standards mean
How cabling systems are designed
How components are installed

Standards are always in a state of flux

and controversy manufacturers keep
track of standards and hep you to

Guidelines for Cabling

Standards

You do need to know codes for fire

prevention and grounding
Use as guidelines to install a network that
offers
Interoperability of cabling components and
networking hardware
Flexibility for data and voice (and even
sometimes other applications)
Upgradability (within limits)

Be aware of code requirements for the

removal of abandoned cabling

Element and Component of

Structured Cabling System

Element and Component of

Structured Cabling System
Active
Passive

Active
ROUTER
The router task is to ensure connection between the
local network (LAN) and the exterior network,
primarily to the Internet. The router may also
provide for interconnection between several
networks, e.g. within one company. The function
usually fulfilled by the router within the network is
called GATE.

Active
SWITCH
Switch is an active network element that
interconnects individual network segments. The
switch comprises few or more ports (up to several
hundred), to which the network devices or network
parts are connected. The term switch is used for
various devices in a number of network
technologies.

Active
ROUTING SWITCH
Routing switch is a relatively new type of device
working at the speeds that are usual for the second
layer and the third layer information, it provides for
proper routing at the switching speed it replaces
the slow routers in the section of the broadcast
domains; as a result, the common routers are
increasingly used for connecting different
technologies.

Passive
metallic cables
TheEthernetnetworks using the twisted pair (TP)
started at a speed of10Mbps(10BASE-T). Although
the value of 10 Mbps looks as sufficient (primarily
due to the mega- prefix), the throughput that
theoretically achieves 1.25 MB/sec is not sufficient
anymore. The fact that this transmission band is
shared by several computers in the network makes
all things worse. The unshielded cable of Cat. 3 UTP is sufficient to interconnect the device.

Passive
metallic cables
The present standard is represented by
the100Mbps100BASE-TX elements. The advantage
is a higher theoretical throughput (12.5 MB/sec),
reverse compatibility and ability to adapt to the
network environment. 100BASE-TX commonly uses
the Cat. 5 cabling. These cables are formed by four
pairs of stranded conductors. Each pair has its
colour identification code. Pairs are distinguished by
colours. Stranding or twisting ensures higher
resistance to the ambient interferences.

Passive
metallic cables
The present standard is represented by
the100Mbps100BASE-TX elements. The advantage
is a higher theoretical throughput (12.5 MB/sec),
reverse compatibility and ability to adapt to the
network environment. 100BASE-TX commonly uses
the Cat. 5 cabling. These cables are formed by four
pairs of stranded conductors. Each pair has its
colour identification code. Pairs are distinguished by
colours. Stranding or twisting ensures higher
resistance to the ambient interferences.

Passive
metallic cables
For higher demands and interconnection of several
segments within the network, it is nowadays
possible to use 1000BASE-T also known asGigabit
Ethernet. This network also uses the twisted pairs
for transmissions - cables must at least comply with
the requirements for Cat. 5, however the
enhancedCat5eorCat6variant is
recommended.

 metallic cables

Passive

Cat.5
Works in the band width of up to 100 MHz. Cable
lines for the computer network, with a baud rate
of 100 Mbit/sec, or 1 Gbit/sec if all 8 threads are
used - not used anymore
Cat.5e
Works also in the band width of up to 100 MHz,
but is more accurate in certain respects. Due to
its affordability, the Category 5e is nowadays the
most widely used category of the structured
cabling system.

Passive

Thank You!

References
[1] (Online)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1TrA1m7R_ns&index=1&list=PL3F0
669372E06AE8B
(August 2, 2015)
[2] (Online)
http://www.blackbox.com/resource/Genpdf/Buyers-Guides/Black_Box_Cabl
ing_Guide.pdf
(August 2, 2015)
[3] (Online) http://ecmweb.com/basics/basics-structured-cabling (August
2, 2015)
[4] (Online) http://www.caba.org/resources/Documents/IS-2008-13.pdf
(August 2, 2015)
[5] (Online)
http://franca-electricalengineer.blogspot.com/2013/05/difference-betweeninter-building-intra.html
(August 2, 2015)
[6] (Online) http://www.computerhope.com/issues/ch001379.htm (August
2, 2015)
[7] (Online) http://www.mselektro.cz/eng/structured-cabling-elements/
(August 2, 2015)
[8] (Online)