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William Yu
Area Sales Manager
X Line Angle
Principles of Distance Relay Reference
Impedance Plane
R
!
" #
Characteristic of Distance Relay
•
Testing of Distance Relay
If I need to apply fault (impedance) on
this point to the relay, How?
$&' ( &' (
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* ,
X Line Angle = 80 deg
Line Impedance
$
5 ohm
%
R
Example :
If we'd like to simulate A-B fault impedance, 5 ohm 80 degree, to distance relay.
IB
* ,
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0
% 0 3 # 4
" "4
5 3 # "
$5
' . 7 0
65
1 2 * 0
5' 7 60
5 0 ' 5+
5 0 ' 6 5+ 6
5
0 ' 36 888
$ ::*
# 9 3 ' 6 5+
65
0
! 9 ' $ * +1 . 73 6 * +1
Different Format of Ground Compensate (without arc
resistance) X Line Angle
1
Positive Sequence Impedance !
4 &
R
4' . 73
• ' 7 1 ' 7 1 6
2 7;
<
• ' 736 # 3' . 6 5+ .
• '2 7;
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2 <
• ' 7 = 62 7 ; 7 = 6< # = ' 21.
2 = ' <1.
<
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4 ) 4' >2 . 7 = ?< . 7= @
!
4 % 4' >2 + 21 ?< . 7= @
Grounding Factor
1
• A
• 3 A
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. θ
# θ ' &
Different Format of Ground Compensate (with arc resistance)
X Line Angle
&2%2
1
R
!
4 &
• ' 736 4' . 73
• ' 7 = 62 7 ; 7 = 6<
4' 7 17&2% . 73
7 1 7 &2%
2 7;
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<1 7 &2% 4' >2 . 7 = ?< . 7= @
!
4 ) 4' > 2 7217&2% . 7 = ? < 7<1 . 7= @
!
4 % 4' >2 7&2%? < 7<1 . 7= @
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