Based on Mean Value and rms Value of a.c.

1· The frequ ency of an atern ating voltage is 50 cycle

s/ ExpLAN..nioN.
se~ and _its amp litud e is 120 V. Then its rms value s == s cos rot
0 = s0 cos 21tVt
will be
1
(a) 84·8 V (b) 42·4 V = 10 X cos 21t X 50 X -
600
(c) 56·5 V (d) 75·5 v.
(DPMT 2000 ; VMMC 2004) . ✓3

Vo
= 10 cos n/6 = 10 x
2 = 5✓3 V .
Expl.~N1\TiON. Vrms = ✓2 = 0·707 V0 5. Alte rnati ng curr ent cann ot be meas ured by d.c.
t = 0·707 X 120 = 84·_8 V. amm eter, because
2. The peak value of a.c. voltage on a 220 V mains is (a) a.c. cann ot pass throu gh a.c. amm eter
(b) a.c. changes direc tion
(a) 200 / ✓2V (b) 230 ✓2V (c) average value of curre nt of complete cycle is zero.
(c) 220 ✓2,V (d) 240 ✓2 V. (DPMT 1997) (dJ a.c. amm eter will get dama ged.
(A.I.E.E.E. 2004)
' ExpLANATiON. Vo = ✓2Vnns Expl ANATioN.
= ✓2,x220V.
Average value of a.c. over a complete cycle is zero.
6. Maximum value of curre nt from a. c. source of SO Hz
In the AC circu it, the curre nt is expressed as
I = 100 sin 200 rr.t. In this circuit the current rises is 5 A. The time take n by curr ent to grow from o
from zero to peak value in time to 2·5 A is
(a) 0·6 m s-1 (b) 1·67 ms
1
(a) -1s (b) 400 s (c) · 5 µs (d) 0·5 µs. (Kam atka 2007)
300
ExplANATioN.
1 1 (DPMT 2003)
(c) 100 s (d) 200 s. I = lo sin wt
2·5 = 5 sin 21t 50 X t
• ExpL ANATioN.
Compare I = 100 sin 200 7t! or -1 = sin 21t 50 t
2
with I = 10 sin rot = 10 sin 21tvt
7t
V = 100 Hz or sin - = sin 21t 50 t
6
1 1
and T= -:=-S 1t
V 100 or - = 21t X 50 X t
6
T 1
t = 4== 400S. 1
or t = = 1·67 m s.
600
4. The peak value of an alternating e.m.f . s given by c: 7. An alter natin g cur~ ent in a circu it is given by
= e cos rot is 10 volt and its frequ ency is
0 !h= ; 0 sin (100 7tl + 0·05 1t) A. The r .m.s. value and
1 e requency of c~e nt respectively are
SO Hz. At time t = sec, the instantaneous
600 (a) 10 A and 100 Hz (b) 10 A and 50 Hz
e.m. f. is
(a) 1 V
(b) SV (c) 10✓2 A andSOHz (d) 10✓2 A and 100 Hz.
(dJ 5/j V · (VMMC 2003) (West Bengal. J.E.E. 2013)
(c) 10v

ANSWERS
---- - - - - -- - 111..~(a)) :2;; (c(c)~ 3i:°.~(b~) :::4
~-~(d;" ~~-,:-:-:--::_:___ __ __ __ ____
:I 5. (c) 6. (b) 7. (c)
~ .
Expl.ANATION.
- - • . • •w•w "Llt.~nAIINti CURRENT - Alternating ~urre_
.,. L...,
nt•Liompitition Kit
., ,,. ,. - .,.

I = lo sin ( ~ + cj>) Hence I = 1 = 2g = 10 ✓2 A

rrns ✓2 -v2
Here I = 20 sin (100 1tt + 0 ·05 n)
:. lo= 20 A. 00 = 100 1t or 2nv = 100 1t or v = 50 Hz.

-s. Based on A.C. Circuit Containing Resistor or Inductor or Capacitor

An alternating voltage E (in volt) 220 ../2 sin 100 t = (c) leads voltage by 90°
is connected to one microfarad capacitor through an (cl> lags voltage by 90°. (A.1.1.M.S.)
a.c. ammeter. Reading of the ammeter shall be :
(a) 10 mA (b) 22 mA
ExpLANATi<>N. v = v 0 sin rot
I = Io sin (rot + n/2).
(c) 40mA (d) 80mA. (C.P.M.T.)
ExplANATiON. u. In a circuit, the current lags behind the voltag~b~
a phase difference of n/2. The circuit contains w c
Eo of the following ?
Enns = ✓2 = 220V (a) only R (b) only L
(c) only C (d) Rand C.
Enns
Inns = Xe = Erms X Cro (A.1.1.M.S. 2001)
ExplANATiON.
= 220 X 10-6 X 100 = 22 mA
In a circuit containing L only, I lags behind the voltage
_9. In an a.c. circuit, an alternating voltage e = 200.,/2 by rr/2 in phase.
sin 100 t volts is connected to a capacitor of capacity
13. Choose the correct statement.
lµF. The r .m.s. value of the current ~ the circuit is :
(a) 200 mA (b) 20 mA (a) the capacitor can conduct in a d.c. circuit but
not an inductor
(c) 10 mA (d) 100 mA.
(b) in d.c. circuit the inductor can conduct but not
(C.B.S.E. (P.M .T.) 2011)
a capacitor
ExplANATioN.
(c) in d.c. circuit both the inductor and capacitor
Compare given equation with standard equation of cannot conduct.
alternating voltage e ~ eo sin rot
(d) · the inductor has infinite resistance in a d.c.
eo circuit. (D.P.M. T. 2006)
:. eo = 200./2 V and erms = Ji = 200 V
ExplANATioN. XL = 0 for d.c.
ro = 100 rad s- 1 Xe = oo for d.c.
14. The reactance of a capacitance C is X. H both the.
. rms = -
.·I Xe- = erms X C ro
erms
frequency and capacitance be doubled, then new
reactance will be
= 200 X 10-6 X 100 = 20 mA.
10. Phase difference between voltage and current in a
(a) X (b) 2X
capacitor in a.c. circuit is (c) 4X (cl> X/4.
(a) 1t (b) rr12 (C.B .S.E. P.M. T. 2001)
(c) O (d) 1t/3. (D.P.M.T. 2000, 2001)
ExplANATioN. 1 1
ExplANATioN. = rr12. X = -=-
cl> Cw 21n:C
.
11. In an a.c. • • con_
Cll'Cuit • g only capacitor, the current
tainill"

Now 1 X
(a) leads voltage by 180° X' = =-
21rx2vx2C 4
(b) remains in phase with voltage

ANSWERS
8. (b) 9. (b) 10. (b) 11. (c) 12. (b) 13. {b) 14. (d)
15. In an a.c. circuit, the current :
(a) is in phase with the voltage
17. An~ C source of voltage E = 20 sin 100
across a resistance 20 O. The nns value of current~
tis ::..~
the circuit is Ill
(b) leads the voltage
(c)
(d)
lap the voltage
any of the above depending on the
(a) lA (b) i A (c) .fi A

circumstances. (C.P.M . T.) 1

(d) 2 ✓2 A (e) .fi, A. (KeralaP.E.T. l OJJ)
ExpLANATioN.
Depends upon the circumstances. ExplANATioN.
16. An inductor is connected to an a .c. source. When E = 20 sin 100 t
compared to voltage, the current in the lead wires E0 = 20 V, ro = 100 rad/s
(a) is ahead in phase by 1t
(b) lags in phase by 1t E = E,g_ = 2z =10✓2V
nos v2 v2
(c) is ahead in phase by 1t/2
(d) lags in phase by 1t/2. (J & K C.E. T. 2006) Enns 10✓2 ✓2 1
ExpLANATioN. I
nns
=--=--
R 20 =2=7iA.
Current lags voltage by 90° in pure inductor.

Based on LCR Circuit and Resonance

18. A series combination of R, L, C is connected to an ExplANATioN.

a.c. source. If the resistance is 30 and the reactance In series R-L circuit connected to a.c. supply,
· is 40, what is the power factor of the circuit ?
(a) . 1 (b) 0·6 tan 4> = ..!J... = roL = 21t11L
R R R .
(c) 0-8 (d) 0-S. (C.P.M.T.)
ExpLANATiON. 21t X 0·12 X 50)
=(
36
= 1·0467
Impedance, Z = ✓ R + X = ✓ 3 +4 = 50
2 2
2 2

Power factor, cos cj> = R/2 = 3/5 = 0·6.

4> = tan- 11·0467 = 45°.
19. In an a.c. circuit, a resistance of RO is connected 21. In series LCR A.C. circuit, the phase angle between
in series with an inductance L. If phase angle between current and voltage is
voltage and current be 4S0 , the value of inductive (a) any angle between Oand ± 1t/2
reactance will be (b) 1tll
(a) R/4 (c) 1t
(b) R/2 (C.B.S.E.)
(d) any angle between O and 1t/2.
(c) R ExpLANATioN.
(d) cannot be found with given data. (P. M. T. MP.)
Angle depends upon the value of components in the
ExpLANATioN. We know that, circuit.
22· An LCR series circuit is connected to an A.C. source,
tancj> = XL
R At resonance the applied voltage and the current
or XL = R tan cj> = R tan 45 ° = R. flowing through the circuit will have a phase
difference of :
20. In an a.c. source R = . 36 0, frequency = SO Hz
. (a) 1t (b) 1tll
and L = 0· 12 henry, then phase difference between
7t/4
(c) (d) 0. . . .(C.B.S.E,)
current and voltage is nearly
(b) ~o ExplANATioN.
(a) 90°
(B.H. U. 2000) There will be no phase difference as LCR circuit at
(c) 60° (d) 75°. •,
resonance is purely resistive circuit.
ANSWERS
15. (d) 16. (d) 17. (e) 18. (b'1 19 , )
• ,c 20. {b) . 21. (a) 22. (d)
~; ., T~ power factor of ~ series L~R cir~~~~~ :~~~~~ I V V
= -✓=====:9:===- = -✓=R=2=+=9=~=:2:=­
resonance is : 2 R2 + 2 2
(a) Zero (b) 0-S C <O

(c) 1 (d) depends upon L, C and R. :. 4R2 + 4 Xc2 = R2 .+ 9 X/

(C.P.M.T.)
ExplAN,uioN.
or
At resonance the circuit becomes resistive only.
Therefore, cl> = 0° and cos cl> = 1. The natural angular frequency of oscillations in
24. Energy dissipates in LCR circuit in v.
LC-circuit is given by
(a) L only (b) C only
(c) R only (d) All of the above. . 1 HE
(a) 2n.JLC (b) 21t
(C.P.M. T.)
ExplANATioN. 1 (J&K 2008)
(c) Ju:, (d) Ju:..
From basics
zs. What is the value of inductance L ror which current ExplANATioN.
is maximum in the series LCR circuit with C = 10 µF 1 1
and ro = 1000 s-1 Lro = Ceo :. ro = .JLC
(a) lmll In LCR series circuit, the resonance condition in
(b) cannot be calculated uni~ R is known :28. terms of capacitive reactance Xe and inductive
(c) 10 mll reactance ~ is
(d) 100 mH. (C.P.M. T. 2008)
(a) XL =0 (b) Xe = 0
ExplAN.uioN.
Current is maximum at resonance, when XL= Xe
(c) XL + Xe = 0 (d) XL - Xe = 0. (J & K 2008)
ExplANATioN.
1 1
i.e., oL = roC or L = ro2C In LCR - series circuit,

1 V
r I= .J2 2
,= (1000)(1000)(10 X 10-6) R + (XL - Xe)

J = 0· 1 H = 100 mH At resonance, I = maximum. This is possible if

, 26. An a.c. source of angular frequency ro is fed across ✓ R2 + (XL - Xc)2 is minimum or XL- Xe = 0.
1 a resistor R and a capacitor C in series. The current
registered is J. If now the frequency of source is '19. A resistor 30 n, inductor of reactance 10 n and
changed to ro/3 (but maintaining the voltage), the capacitor of reactance 10 n are connected is series
current in the circuit is found to be halved. Calculate to an a.c. voltage source e = 300../2 sin rot. The
the ratio of reactance to resistance at the original current in the circuit is
frequency ro. (a) 10..fiA (b) lOA

(a)
~ (b)
JI (c) 30.JliA
(e) SA.
ExplANATioN.
(d) 30 / .JifA
(Kera/a 2008)

(c) f¼ (d)
J¾ (A.J.J.M.S. 2008)
e = 300./f sin rot :. Vo = 300./2V
ExpLAN,nioN. I = Vo 1./2
V V ✓ R2 + (XL - XL)2
I = = 2

✓R 2 JR + X~
+-h C <O
= Vo · 300./f
.ff R = .ff x 30 = lO A.
When co = ro/3
ANSWERS
- - --------:-::-:-:-.-~ ;:;;---;;-;;::;-;;-;::;-;::-~-::-::-:--
23. (c) 24. (c) 25. (d) 26. (b) 21. (c) 28. (d) 29. (b) -----
 e ~~~'$%~, '!,~i!Jli , u1na.u11 '~•--•• -~-~-~~-.., •~..,.. 1 111 IJll,.:.•AII 111'1
\Jl,l~I) ..
,,,~~., ,
'•
""
..; "'
~ - , - I • :..~, • · ~ ,. • , •

266 . V a.c. source is fed 'to series LCR circuit ExpLANATioN. . ·~

having XL = 50 0, Xe = SO O, R = 2S n. Q = 2~ro
roo
Potential drop across the inductor ls
(a)
(c)
10 V.
200 V
(b) lOO V
(d) 400 V. (Kama/aka 2008)
Band width (2 ~ro)= ~ = ~Hz = 150 Hz.
~- At resonance, in a series LCR circuit: which relati
does not hold on
V
I = R (·: Xc=Xi) (a) co=-
1
(b) ro = ~
1
LC .JLC
200 .
= =8A 1 1
25 (c) Leo = Cro (d) Cro = LO> (C.E. T., Chd.)
.·. Potential drop across inductor
ExpLANATioN.
= I XL = 8 X 50 = 400 V. 1
31. A resistor and a capacitor are connected in series with At resonance, XL = Xe so ro = r;,, .
-vLC
an a.c. source. H the potential drop across the
capacitor is 5V and that across resistor is 12 V, the 36. Which of the following statements is correct ?
applied voltage is (a) in LCR series a.c. circuit, as the frequency of
(a) 12V (b) 13 V the source increases, the impedance of the
circuit first decreases and then increases.
(c) 17V (d) s v. (Karna/aka 2008)
(b) if the net reactance of an LCR series a.c. circuit
· ExpLAN.uioN.
is same as its resistance, then the current ~
v = Jvi + ve = J 12 x 12 + 5 x 5 behind the voltage by 45°
(c) at resonance in LCR series a.c. circuit, the
= J144 + 25 = 13 V. potential drops across inductor and capacitor
32. An. a.c. voltage is applied to a resistance R and an are equal in magnitude but opposite in sign
inductor L in series. HR and the inductive reactance (d) below resonance, voltage leads the current while
are both equal to 3 n., the phase difference between above it, current leads the voltage
the applied voltage and current in the circuit is (e) at resonance, the impedence of a.c. circuit
(a) 1tl2 (b) -zero becomes purely resistive. (Kerala P.E.T. 2006)
· (c) rt/6 (d) n/4 (C.B.S.E. 2011) ExpLANATiON.
ExplANATioN. IXL - IXc = 0 at resonance.
'37. What fi the ratio of inductive and capacitive reactance
X 30
tancp = i:, = 30 = 1 :. cj, = n/4. in an A.C. circuit
(a) co2LC (b) 1
33. Series AC circuit has inductance L, resistance R and
angular frequency ro, the quality factor Q is (c) zero (d) co2L. (Odisha C.E.T.)
ExpLAN.u ioN.
~ J2
coL
(a) ( (b) R Xi.= roLand
1
R R
(c) coL (d) coL2 '
Xe = roe
(Delhi P.M.T. 2007) XL .
XC
= roL X roe = ro2LC
.
ExpLANATioN.
roL 38. In a series resonant R-L-C circuit, the voltage
Q.F.=R across R is 100 V and the value of R = 1000 n.
The capacitance of the capacitor is 2 x 10-6 F i
Resonant frequency of a series LCR circuit is
angular frequency of AC is 200 rad s-1• TbeD tbe
600 Hz. Quality factor of the circuit is .4. Band
P.D· across the·md uctancecoil is
· .........· .
width is
(a) 400 V (b) 2.iO V
(a) 300 Hz (b) 450 Hz
(c) 40 V . (d) 100 V.
(c) 150 Hz (d) 1200 Hz• . (Karnataka 2008)
(C.E. T. KarnaJaka 2010, A.J.E.E, 2()()6).
ANSWERS
- - - - ---:;;;-;)31Ub)32.{d)nfi~~~~
30. (d) 31. (b} 32. (d) 33. (b) 34_- (c) 35. 'a' - - - - - - - - - - - - -
36. (c) 37. (a) 38. (b) 1' ,
1
 r
a.z

1 2
VR - 100
V -IR or I= - 2 = ( : + (27t X 40 X 0·04)
R- = =0·l A
R 1000
=lOJ"fO.
VL =Ve= IXc= _!_
roe
I' = 150 / 10J2 = 15 / J"fA.
0.1 41. In an LCR-serie s a.c. circuit, the voltage across
= 2 X 10-6 X 200 = 250 V. each of the componen ts. L, C and R is SO V. The
'Y). A capacitor and an Inductance coil are connected voltage across the LC combinatio n will be
in separate AC circuits with a bulb glowing in both (b) soffe
(a) SOV
the circuits. The bulb glows more brightly when
(A.J.E.E.E . 2004)
···············
(a) a dielectric is introduced into the gap between
(c) 100 V (d) zero.

ExplANATioN. V = V L - V c = 0.
the plates of the capacitor
(b) separation between the plates of the capacitor 42. In an LCR-circu it, capacitmc e is changed from C
is increased to 2 C. For the resonant frequency to · remain
(c) the number of turns In the inductance coll ls
unchanged, the inductance should be changed from
increased Lto
(d) an iron rod is introduced into the inductance (a) 4L (b) 2L
coil. (C.E. T. Kamala/ca 2010)
(c) LJ2 (d) U4.
ExplANuiON.
(A.J.E.E.E . 2004, Odisha J.E.E. 2013)

Xe .= _I_
21t/C
and XL= 2 rc/L
ExplANATiON.
Increase in C will decrease Xe and thus current
increases. If C is changed to 2C, then L must be changed to L/2.
«>. An ideal choke draws a current of 8A when connected
to an AC supply of 100 V, SO Hz. A pure resistor 4.1. Voltage and current in an a.c. circuit are given by V
th
draws a current of 10 A when ·connecte~ to e
same source. The ideal choke and the res1Stor are = s sin ( 1001t1 - : ) and I = 4 sm(1001t1 + ; )•
th
connected in series and then connected to e AC
source of ISO V' 40 Hz. The current_in the circuit (a) voltage leads the current by 30°

becomes ......... . (b) current leads the voltage by 30°

(a) 10A (b) 18A (c) voltage leads the current by 60°
IS (d) current leads the voltage by 60°
(c) 8A (ti) ✓2A.
(e) current and voltage are in phase.
,c.E. r. xan,ataka 2010>
(Kera/a Engg. 2001
bplANATK>N. ExplANATiON.
n n
cp = -n + -6 = -3 = 6()0
6
44. In the circuit shown in figure, the a.c. source give
a voltage V ;:::: 20 cos (2000 t). Neglecting sourc1
XL = lOO = 12·5 But XL == 2 n/L resistance , the voltmeter and ammeter reading
8
will be
X, _ _,;1;;._2_ -::-- == 0·04 H
•5__
L==~= 2xnx50
2nf
ANSWE RS
_ (d) 41. (d) 42. (c) 43. (d)

--------------- 40
 =...::----::J
46. In an LCR series circuit, the potential differenc -
between the terminals of the inductance is 60 ve
between the terminals of the capacitor is 30V and tha;
across the resistance is 40 V. Then the supply voltag
will be equal to e
- - ---.1 ,_5_0µF--.-----' (a) 50 V (b) 70 V
5mH, 40
(c) 130 V (d) 10 V .
.....__ _ _-'V ,___ _ __,
(Kamataka C.E. T. 2006)
(a) 0 V, 0·47 A ExpLANATioN .
(b) 1·68 V, 0·47 A
1
(c) 0V, 1·4A . (d) 2✓2 V, ✓2 A. 2 -
Using V = [VR + (VL - Vcll2
(Kamataka CET, 2002) V = [402 + (60- 30)2]112
we get,
Expl.~N,nioN.
= [1600 + 900) 112
z = .JR2 +.(XL -Xc)2 = ✓ 2500 = 50 V.
Here, R = 6 +4 = 10 n , "7. The natural frequency of an LC circuit is 1,25,000
co = 2000 rd s-1 cycles per second. Then the capacitor C is replaced
Xi_ = roL = 2000 X 5 X 10-3 by another capacitor with a dielectric medium of
constant k. In this case the frequency decreases by
= 10n 25 kHz. The value of k is
1 1 (a) 3 (b) 2·1
Xe = roe = 2000 x 50 x 10--6 = 10 n (d) 1·7.
(c) 1·56
(E.A.M.C.E.T. 2007)
·z = ,.J102 +(10-10)2 = 10 n ExplANATioN.
Vo 20 . .
Current, =2A
Io = -Z= -10 Using 1
V =

Ji = *= J7i
21t..JLC
1
·.-. Inns = A we get V1 =
21t..JLC

Voltage, V = J7f x .J 42 +0 = 2 ✓'2V V2 =

1
21t../LKC
45. In an LCR circuit the potential diff.erences are :
between terminals of inductance 60 V, between
the terminals of capacitor 30 V and between the Then
terminals of resistor 40 V. The supply voltage will
be
(a) 130V (b) lOV • .Vl 2 ( 125000 2
i.e., K = [ Vz ) = 100000) = (l ·25)2
(c) SOV (d) 70V.
(Kamataka C.E. T. 2004) i.e. , K = 1· 56.
48. A capacitor of capacity 2 µF is charged to a potential
In series LCR -circuit voltage across capacitor and difference of 12 V. It is then connected across an
inductor are in opposite phase so net voltage across the inductor of 0·6 mH. Cur~ent in the circuit at a
combination of L and C becomes 60 - 30 = 30V time when P.D. across the capacitor be 6V is:
(a) 0·6 A (b) 1·2 A
:. total voltage across R and L is
(c) 2·4A (d) 3·6 A • (J.J.T.)
.J 402 + 302 = 50 V. ExpLANATioN.

ANSWERS
44. (d) 45. (c) 46. (a) 47. (c)
 ' ::.'.: ' ~ m u u .. 11un KAU ALltKNAIINli l,;UI(~~ ~~
- w::_• _... - -···r-·····-·· ....
1411c1 11a•m1 1 s

q = CV also q = q0 Phase Angl e betw een curre nt and volta ge,

cos rot
and qo = CV0 tan<!>= -
1 1
= ------ = 1
CcoR 10-4 ~ 100 xl00
or cos rot = ..!1_ = __:!__,_ ..i_ _ 1
qo V0 - 12 -2 1t
. or (j>= -
7t . 4
or rot = rad, wher e ro = _l_
3 -JLC V
Curr ent in LR circu it, 12 =
1
= ~ = = ~= = = ~
.J
(2 X 10-<i)(O · 6 X 10-3 )

= ...!Q:__ rad/s
Ju
Again I = dq
dt
- .!!__
- dt (qo cos rot) Leo 1 100
tan<!>= - = - X - = 1 or<!> = -1t
=- qo ro sin rot R 2 50 4
i.e. II I =
= . ✓If+ Ii
CVo rosin rot (": qo =
✓510 + 5~ = f£
CVo)
1
I = = 0·3 A
i.e. I = (2 X 10- 6 ) (12) X ;;_ X ,./3
v 12 2 ·
Volta ge acros s 100 Q, V = I R = 1
xlOO
(·-· sin i~ sin 60° ~ ~)
1

= 10✓
5v2
r,;;

2 V.
= 0·6A . 2
In the give n circ uit, the AC sour ce
has
Volta ge acros s 50 Q, V = IzR = 5✓2 x 50
ro = 100 rad/s . Cons ideri ng the induc tor and capac
itor
to be ideal, the corre ct choice(s) is (are) 20
= ✓2 = 10✓2 V.
50. A coil of self indu ctanc e Lis conn ected in
serie s with
a bulb B and an AC sour ce. Brig htne ss of the
bulb
. 0 ·5 H 50 n decre ases when ·
~ -l\liMM r-~
(a) an iron rod is inser ted in the coil
(b) frequ ency of AC sour ce is decr ease d
(c) num ber of turn s of the coil is•redu ced
(a) The curre nt throu gh the circu it, I is O·3 A (d) a capa citan ce of react ance Xe = X
is inclu ded
in the same circu it. (N . EL. E . T. 2013 )
(b) The curre nt throu gh the circu it, I is 0·3✓2 A. Exp l ANAT iON.
(c) The volta ge acros s 100 Q resist or = 10✓ 2 V
(d) The volta ge acros s 50 Q resis tor = lOV. It is L-R circu it. I = --;== =E= ==
(I.I. T. J.E.E . 2012) ✓R2 + L2co2
Whe n iron rod is inser ted in the coil, L incre ases.
ExplANATioN.
Henc e, I decre ases.
V
Curr ent in C - R circu it, 11 = 51. In an LCR circu it
(a) the impe danc e is equa l to reac tanc e
(b) the rati~ betw een effec tive volta ge to effec
20 1 tive
curr ent is calle d reac tanc e
-.= ===2=
0
= = = = 100✓2 = 5✓2
104 +
(c) at reso nanc e the resis tanc e is equa l
1 to the
(10-4 )2 x 10 4 react ance

A NSW ERS
48. (a) 49. (a,c) 50. (a)
 - - -...>~z-...:..· ~O:zt-31A5d 4&iWf WiWifMif►WW ?hQ2P

(d) the current flowing is called wattl~ ~ t

(e) at resonance, the net reactance is zero.
(KemlaP.E.T . 2013)
ExplANATiON.
(b)
At resonance, XL = X e .·. X L - X e -- o·
52. In a circuit, L, C and R are connected in series with
an alternating voltage source of frequency/. When
----- -,
current in the circuit leads the voltage by 45 °, the
value ofC

(a) 1 1

(c)
2-rc/(2-rcjL +R) (b) 2-rc/(2-rc/ R +L)

1
(d) 1
(c)
______,
2-rc.f(R +L)
2-rcf{R+ 1)
(E.A.M. C.E. T. 2015)
ExplANATiON.
Q2Max · ···- -
X X Qo(for bothL1andl;z)
Xe-XL =
tan cl> = ___,;;;,_=- or tan 45 o e- L

or Xe-XL= R
R R (d)
_____,
....,_

or Xe= R + XL
(J.E.E.1.1. T. (Main) 2015)
1
or -
coC
=R + Leo ExplANATiON.
Comparing with a pendulum where
1 1 A = Ao e-bc/2m we get
or C= =-----
+ Lm) 2,r/(R + 2,rjL) A= Aoe-Rll2L
a,(R
54. In the A.C. circuit shown, keeping 'K' pressed, ifim
53. An LCR circuit is equivalent to a damped pendulum.
iron rod is inserted into the coil, the bulb in the circuit
In an LCR circuit, the capacitor is charged to Q0 and
then connected to the L and Ras shown below :
R L
Bulb

A.C IC

Ha student plots graphs of the square of maximum

(a) gets damaged
charge (Q2max) on the capacitor with time (t) for two
different values L1 and LiCL1 > L2) of L, then which (b) glows less brightly
of the following represents this graph correctly ? (c) glows with same brightness (as before the rod in
(Plots are schematic and not drawn to scale) inserted)
(d) glows more brightly. (Kama/aka C.E. T. 2017)
ExplANATiON~
When the iron rod is inserted, the inductance of the coil
. ~
(a) mcreases. As a result less voltage appears across
bulb. Thus the bulb glows less brightly.

ANSWER S
51. (e) 52. (a) 53. (a) S4. (b)
 55. A coil of induct ive reacta nce _!_n · t ance
and res1s
✓3
tan cf>
10 is conne cted to a 200 V, 50 Hz A.C. supply . The
time lag betwe en maxim um voltag e and curren t is ,.
1 I cf>= 6
(a) 600 s (b) 200 s
cf> = rot = (2m>) t
1 I
(c) 300 s (d) 500 s (Kanurtoka C.E. T. 2017) ,. 1
t= =-S
ExplANATioN. 6 X 2 X tr X 50 60() .

In series, LR circuit

Based on Powe r Consu med in Circu it

56. The averag e power dissip ation in pure capaci tor in

ExplANATioN .
A. C. circui t is R
Power factor, cos cf> = ---== ===-
(a) 112 cv
2 (b) cv2 .JR
2 + L2ro2
(c) 2 CV
2 (d) Zero. (C.P.M . T.)
e = 200 sin 100 t :. ro = 100
ExplANATioN. = 40 n
Hence, Lro = 0·4 x 100
P = Inns Vnns COS cf>= 0 ( ·.· cf> = 0)
30 30
S7. A coil of induct ive reacta nce 31 n has a resista nce cos cf> = .J900 + 1600 = 50 = 0·6.
of 80. It is placed in series with a conde nser of
capaci tive reacta nce 25 n. The combi nation is 59. In an a.c. circui t, V and I are given by
conne cted to a.c. source of 110 V:The power factor
V = 100 sin (100t) volt
of the circui t is
(b) 0·56
I = 100 sin (100t + 1t/3)A
(a) 0-33
(d) 0·80 Then the power dissipated in the circui t is
(c) 0-64
(C.B.S.E. P.M. T. 2006) (a) lo" W (b) lOW
(c) 2500W (d) SW. . (C.P.M . T.)
ExplAN,uioN.
ExplANATioN.
R
PF
• . = cos 'I',I,.= - z Power dissipated in the circuit is given by
·
P=Vr.m.s. Ir.m.s. cos,1,.
'I'

Here Z = JR 2
+ (XL - Xc)
2

100 100 1t
= .J2 x ../2 xcos
3
= ✓g2 + (31 - 25 )2
100 X 100 1
= J 64 + 36 = 10n = 2
x
2 = 2500W
.

PF
8
= -10 = 0-8. <iO. A coil has induc tance of 0·7 H and is joined in
. . . series with a resist ance of 220 n. When an
. - 200 sin 100 .tis• applie d altern ating e.m.f. of 220 Vat 50 cps is applie d to
58. An altern atmg voltag e, e -
. . f R - 30 n and.
an mduct or
. . it, then the wattle ss comp onent of the curre nt in
to a series combm ation o -
of 400 m.H. The power factor of the c1rcw t IS the circui t is :
(b) 0-2 (a) SA (b) 0·5 A
(a) 0-01
(c) 0·1 A (d) 1 A.
(c) O·OS (d) 0-042
(Kerala 2008) (B .H . U. 2()()8)
(e) 0·6.
ANSW E;RS
ss.(a) 56.(d) 57.(d) 58.(e) 59.(c) 60.(q)
 ExplANATioN.
Wattless component of current = Inns sin"'
'I' Q2
= 0·7074 X 0 ·7068 = 0·5 A V=-
2C
The power factor varies between
when energy is stored equally between electric field
(a) 2 and 2·5 (b) 3·5 to 5
and magnetic field
(c) 0 to 1 (d) 1 to 2. (A.1.1.M.S.)
ExplAN.uioN.
cos ♦ varies from O to 1.
U' = .!.u
2
2 2
or Q' =.!_ Q : . Q' =
2C 2 2C v~2
· i
62. A choke is preferred to a resistance for limiting <,6. The power factor of an a.c. circuit having resistance ·
current in A.C. circuit because R and inductance L (connected in series) and an
(a) choke is cheap angular velocity ro is
(b) there is no wastage of power (a) R/roL (b) R/(R2 + co2L2)112
(c) choke is compact in size . (c) roL/R (d) Rf(R2 - co21,2)112.
(d) . choke is a good absorber of heat. (A.1.E.E.E. 2002)
(Kamataka C.E. T. 2006) ExpLANATiON.
ExplANATioN.
R R
From basics. cos ♦ = z = (R2+a>2L2)112 ·
63. A circuit has a resistance of 12 ohm and an
impedance of 1S ohm. The power factor of the 67. In an AC circuit V and l are given below, then find
circuit will be the power dis.flpated in. the circuit
(a) 0-8 (b) 0-4 V = SO sin (SO t) volt
(c) 1·25 (d) 0·125.
(A.1.E.E.E. 2005) I ~ SO sin (50 t + ; ) mA

(a) o-625W (b) 1·2SW

R 12
cos ♦ =-=-= 0·8. (c) 2·SOW (d) SOW.
Z 15
(AP.E.A.M. C.E. T. 2013)
In an a.c. circuit the voltage applied is
6 = Eo sin rot. The resuting current in the circuit ExplANATiON.
is I = Io sin (rot -1t/2). The power consumption in P = Inns V nns cos ♦
the circuit is given by
= VoIo cos~ _ 50 50x10- 3 re·
(a) P = ✓2 e 0Io
(b) p
..
= Eolo
✓2
. ✓2 .fi. 3 - ../2 x cos 3 Ji
50x50 1
(c) P =0 (d) p =.Eolo • 2
x
2 = 0.625 W.
✓2
68. A series AC circuit cOPtaioiog m inductor (20 mH), a
(A.1.E.E.E. 2007, Odisha C.E. T. 2006) capacitor (120 µF) and a resistor (60 n) is driven by
ExpLAN.uioN. an AC source of 24 V/SO Hz. The energy dissipated in
P = vrms 1rms cos cj, = 0 ( ·: cj, = rc/2) the circuit in 60 s is :
(a) 2.26 X lol J (b) 3.39 X lol J
65. In an oscillating LC-circuit, the maximum charge (c) S.65 X lol J (d) 5.17 X lol J
on the capacitor is Q. The charge on the capacitor, (J.E.E. Main 2019) ·
when the energy is stored equally between the electric
and magnetic fields is ExplANATiON.

(a) Q/2 (b) Ql./3

Energy dissipated/sec = V nns Inns cos"''I'
. (c) Q/✓2 (d) Q. (A.1.E.E.E. 2003)

ANSWERS
61. (c) 62. (b) 63. (a) 64. (c) 65. (c) _66. (b) 67. (a) 68. (d)
 2
Vnns R 2
z2 = 3600+ _
2 X 3.14 X 50 X 20 X 10-3
1
]
(
2 X 3.14 X 50 X 120 X 10--6
Z=
= 20.Jw. n
2
.
•.. Energy diss1pate · 60 s
dm = V Rt
_!_)
-1!!!!_
2
: ~R' + (21evL - z
21tv L
(24) 2 X 60
= 20.Jfo X 60 = 5.18 X 1<>2

Based on Transformer

(I). A step up transforme; operates on a 230V line and ExplANATioN. ·

a load current of 2A. The ratio of th •
secondary windi • e prunary and A.C. voltage.
primary is ngs IS 1 : 2S. The current in the 72. Transformer is based upon the principle of
(a) Self induction (b) Mutual induction
(a) 25 A (b) SOA
(c) Eddy current (d) None of these.
(c) 1S A (d) 12·S A. (C.B.S.E.) (A.F.M.C. 2005)
ExpLANATioN. ExplANATioN.
For a transformer, Mutual Induction.
73. A transformer is used :
(a) to transform electric energy into mechanical
energy.
(b) to obtain suitable DC voltage
NS I 25
i.e., '1, = NP X p = - 1- X 2 = 50 A. (c) to transform AC into DC
(d) to obtain suitable AC voltage.
70. In a transformer Np = S00, Ns = 5000. Input voltage (C.P.M.T. , N.C.E.R. T.)
is 20 V and frequency is 50 Hz. What are the
ExplANATioN.
output voltage and frequency ?
To obtain suitable A.C. voltage.
(a) 200 V, 40 Hz (b) 100 V, 50 Hz
74. Which of the following material is most suitable to
(c) 200 V, 50 Hz (d) 150 V, 40 Hz. (P.M.D.) be used for making the cores of a transformer :
ExpLANATioN. (a) soft iron (b) copper
(c) stainless steel (d) ALNICO.
Es (N.C.E.R.T.; A.F.M. C. 2005)
Using Ep
ExpLANATioN.
Putting the given values Hysteresis loss is minimum in case of soft iron.
75. Power is transmitted from a power house on high
E =~x20=200V.
s · 500 · voltage AC because :
mains the same so the (a) the rate of transmission is faster at high voltage
Freque·ncy in a transformer re
(b) it is more economical due to less power wastage
output frequency is 50 Hz· •
(c) the life of current carrying wire is prolonged
71. A transformer is a device which gives:
(b) AC voltage (d) a precaution against the theft of transmission
(a) DC voltage (d) None. (C.P.M. T.) line. (C.P.M. T.)
(c) AC and DC voltage
ANSWERS
sg.(b) 1o.(c) 71,(b) 72.(b) 73.(d) 14.(a) 15.(b)
 T...
ExpLANAi... ~.:...J.~~~~~~dl;;.~~ f1i;I1;fmm~~':_. ...::.s-~
ioa.,jN - d cj, is a constant, the output ~
- _-o-n -d -an
s ec
0
the secondary coil is : ~
For same power, high voltage means less current and '-a•' V (b) 120 v
thus less I2R loss. . '' ~ 220
76. What IS ·
· mcreased ,
in a step down transformer •
"c'
'''
90V (d) 30V. (C.P.M. T. 2008)
(a) Voltage (b) Current ExpLANATioN.

(c) Wattage (d) None. (C.P.M. T.) dcj,

. cj, = cj,0 + 4t :. dt = 4
ExpLANATioN.
Current.
Rate of change of magnetic flux linked wjth each turn
4
77. An ideal transformer is used on 220 V line to deliver of primary coil .
50
2A at 110 V. The current through primary is :
(a) 10 A (b) SA
(c) ·1A (d) lOA. (C.P.M.T.)
. (de!>) s = 1500X_.!.
· · dt 50
= 120
ExpLANATioN.
· "s
• • <, dt = 120 V .
= dcj,

81. A transformer is used to light 100 W and 110 v

lamp from a 220 V mains. If the main current is
or Ip = Es x Is = llO x 2 = lA. O·S A, the efficiency of the transformer is
BP 220
(a) 10 % (b) 30 %
78. The core of a transformer is laminated because (c) SO% (d) 90 %.
(a) ratio of voltage in primary and secondary may (C.P.M. T. 2007, Kerala 2015)
be increased.
ExpLANATiON.
(b) energy losses due to eddy current may be
minimised Efficiency = Output power x 100
(c) the weight of transformer may be reduced Input power
(d) rusting of core may be prevented.
= lOO X 100 90%
(C.B.S.E. P.M. T. 2006) 22OxO •5 = ·
ExpLANATfoN. 82. A trans(ormer has 1500 turns in primary coil and
Laminations split the path of eddy currents. Hence, 1125 turns in the secondary coil. If the voltage in
eddy current loss is minimised. the primary is 200 V, then the voltage in the secondary
coil is
79. In a step up transformer, the turn ratio is 1 ·2. A
Leclanche call (e.m.f. = 1 ·S V) is connected across (a) 250V (b) 200V
the primary. The voltage developed in the secondary (c) lSOV (d) 100 V (E.A.M. C.E. T. 2008)
would be
ExpLANATioN.
(a) 3·0V (b) 0•7SV
(c) l·SV (d) Zero. (B.H.U. 2008) Es _ "s 1125
--=--
BP nP 1500
ExpLANATioN.
Leclanche cell is a source of d.c. Transformer does
or E ::;:: ~ x E = 1125 x 200
not work, when connected to d.c. source. s 1500 .P 1500
80. The primary and secondary coils of a transformer = 15OV.
have SO and 1500 turns respectively. H the magnetic 83· In step-up transformer, relation betwee~ nwnber of
flux cj, linked with the primary coil is given by
cl> = 4>0 + 4t, where cl> is in weber, t is time in
turns in primary (Np) and nmnber of turm in ~dal1
<Ns) is · ·

ANSWERS
--------- ~7766~.(i~b)~ It.
T8
n . ;(c)y °7 :- -(d)
rt(bt~~ 79~. :(d~~~ao=.--:,b:-,,- - - -(c)- - - - - --- ---
11 ., 81. 82.
 (a) Ns > Np (b) Np> NS ExplANATioN.
(c) Ns = Np (d) NP= 2Ns- ' (J & K. 2008) P = EI
ExplANATiON. P 4000
I =E = 100 -= 40 A .
Es = Ns
NP ·
88. A step-do wn transfo rmer with an efficien cy of 80% is
Ep
used on a 1000 V line to deliver 10 A at 100 V at the
Since Es > Ep for step-up transformer seconda ry coil. The cun-mt drawn fnm the line is
Ns > NP (a) 1•SA (b) 2 A
84. Ferroma gnetic materia ls used in a transfor mer (c) 3A (d) 1·2.5A
mustbav e (e) 1 A.
(Kerala P.E. T. 2013)
(a) low permeab ility and low hysteresis loss ExplANATiON.
(b) low permeab ility and high hysteresis loss
Esls
(c) high permeab ility and low hysteresis loss TJ = Eplp
(d) high permeab ility and high hysteresis loss.
( KarnaJaka 2008)
Esls
· IP -- - - -
T)E'p -
100 x 10
80
= -10
8
= 1·25 A.
··
ExplANATiON. - x lOOO
100 .
High per~eab ility ensures good flux linkage and low
hysteresis loss ensures low energy loss. 89. A transfor mer consisti ng of 300 turns in the primar y
and 150 turns in the seconda ry gives output power of
~- Large transfor mers, when used for some time, 2.2 kW. Hthe current in the seconda ry coil is 10 A, then
become hot and are cooled by circulat ing oil. The the input voltage and current in the primary coil are :
heating of transfor mers is due to
(a) 220 V and l0A (b) 440 V and SA
(a) heating effects of current alone
(c) 440 V and 20A (d) 220 V and 20 A
(b) hysteres is loss alone
(J.E.E. Main 2019)
(c) both the hysteres is loss and heating effects of
current ExplANATioN.
(d) none of these. (M.P. P.E. T. 2001) Np= 300, NS = 150
faplANATiON. Output power = Es1s = 2.2 kW = 2200 W

From basics. Is= lOA

86. In a transfo rmer, number of turns in the primary 2200 2200
are 140 and that in the secondary are 280. H current Es = -Is-= 10 = 220 V
in primary is 4 A, then that in seconda ry is
(a) 4A (b) 2A E N
(c) 6A (d) 10 A. (A.I.E.E .E. 2002) (l) Using, EP = NP , we get
s . s

ExplANATiON.

Using NP =~.w e get

NS Ip

N 140 E I
I =_L x lp =- x4 = 2A. (it) Using, EP = f ' we get
s Ns 280 s p

fn. A transfor mer has an efficien cy of 80%. It works

E
at 4 kW and 100 V. H seconda ry voltage is 240 V, I = - • Xl-2 20
the current in primary coil is P EP s - 440 X 10 =5A
(a) l0A (b) 4A 90· A power transmi ssion lin t
(c) 0·4 A (d) 40 A. (Odisha c.e.T. 2006) 2300 V to a step down tr ~ eeds input power a·
' . ans ormer with its prima~
ANSW ERS
83. (a) 84. (c) 85. (c) 86. (b) 87. (d) 88. (d) es. (b)
 Output power 8 s1s
wind ings havin g 4000 turns . The outp ut powe r is
,,· • = Input power = EPI P ,,,(I)
deliv ered at 230 V by the trans form er. H the curre nt
in the primary of the trans form er is SA and its
efficiency is 90%, the outp ut curre nt would be: 90 230 Is = _Is
or - =
100 2300 X 5 50
(a) 25 A (b) SO A
(c)35 A (d)4S A. (J.E.E. Mains2019) 9
I = -10 X 50 = 45 A
s
ExpLANATioN.

th and Deca y of Char ge in C-R Circuit

8ased on Grow th and Decay of C~rrent in L-R Circ uit and Grow

91. A coil of induc tance 300 mB and resistance 2 n is

ExplAN,uiON.
Current through inductor
connected to a sourc e of voltage 2 V. The curre nt
reach es half of it stead y state value in
(a) 0·3 s (b) 0·15 s
(c) 0-1 s (d) 0·05 s (C.P.M. T. 2008)
ExplANATioN.
= 12 (1-e-/4')=6(1-e- 51 )
2
:. Potential drop across L =E- R2 I

1 1
= 12 - 2 X 6(1-e- 51 ) = 12 e-51 V.
I
9'3. An indu ctor L = 100 mH, a resis tor 100 n and a
-Rt
-. or e-L - 1-- =1 --=2-
- 1 0
2
batte ry of e.m. f. 100 V are initially connected in
R · series as show n. Afte r long time the battery is
or Lt = lo~ = 0·6931 disconnected after shor t circu iting A and B. Current
0·6931 L . 0 ·6931 x 0 ·3 in the circu it after shor t circu it is
or t= =----
R 2 (a) l A (b) 1/e A
= 0·1 s (c) eA (d) 0·1 A. (A.1.E.E.E. 2006)
92. An inductor of inductance L = 400 mB and resistors
of resistance R 1 = 2 n and R2 = 2 n are connected
L
to a batte ry of emf 12 V as shown in the figure.
The inter nal resistance of the batte ry is · R

E
ExplANATiON.
Here lo = = 100 = l A
Eo
100
R
While decaying I= VR/L
-lxl0 -3 X 100
= Ioe IOQxl0-3

= 10 e-1 = _!_A.
negligible. The switch S is closed at t = 0. The e
potential drop cross L as a function of time is 94. A coil of induc tance 8·4 mB and resistance 6 n is
12 31 connected to a 12 V batte ry. The curre nt in the
(a) t,e-5t V (b) e- V
t coil is lA at approximate time
(a) 500 s (b) 20 s
(c) 6 (1 - e- tA>,2) V (d) 12 e- V. (AI.E.E.E. 200!Ji
51
(c) 35 ms (d) 1 ms. (J.LT.)

ANSWERS
90._(d) 91. {c) 92. 'rd) 93. {b) 94_{d)
ExpLAN ,uiON.
(d) Att = ; , q = CV (1- e-1).
Using, I = lo (1 - e-rt't), we get
(I.I. T. J.E.E. (M ain) 2013)
. V
l = R ( 1-e
-tl -
R
L J ExplANATioN.
q = qo(l __ e-1/RC)
= CV(l - e-th)
12 ( _11 8.4xl0- 3 J When t = 2-r
=6 1- e
6
=1 _(·: i = IA given) · q = CV(l - e-2).
'17. An induct or (L = 0-03 H) and a resisto r (R = 0:15 k!l
⇒ t = 0·91 x 10-3 s i.e., t=-1 ms. are connec ted in series to a bettery of 15 V in circuit
95. A coil of wire having finite induct ance and resista nce shown below. The key K 1 bas been kept closed for a
has a conduc ting ring placed coaxial ly within it. The long time. Then at tis 0, K 1 is opene d and Key ~
coil is connec ted to a battery at time t = O, so that a is closed simult aneous lJ. At t = l ms, the curren t in
the circuit will be ( i' ~ 150)
time depend ent curren t 11 (t) starts flowing throug h
0·03 H 0·150
the coil. If l2 (t) is the curren t induce d in the ring, and
B (t) is the magne tic field at the axis of the coil due
to I 1 (t), then as a functio n of time (t > 0) the produc t
l2 (t) B (t)
(a) increas es with time
(b) decrea ses with time
K1
(c) does not vary with time 15 V
(I.I. T. 2(}()(}) (a) lOOmA (b) 67mA
(ti) passes throug h a maxim um.
(c) 6-7mA (d) o-67m A
ExplANATiON.
(J.E.E . I.I. T. (Main) 2015)
Using I (t) = Io (1 - e-~ [Build up action]
am B (t) = B 0 (1 - e-~ (-. · B oc I) ExplAN,n iON.

B(t)

t
.--- L 0.03 1
- R - 0 .15 X 1000 - 5 X 103
= 0·2 X 10-3s
-

t t __.
In an LCR circuit as shown below, both switches are
open initiall y. Now switch S1 is closed, S2 kept opeµ..
(q is charge on the capacit or B;Dd 't = RC is Capaci tive
and current, I = 1ae-1rr

150
1
-lxlO-J

-5
1
= ~ e 0·2x10- = - x e- 5
3

1
10
1
=-Xe = -- =---
time constan t). Which of the following statem ent is 10 10e5 10 x 150
3 A = 0·67 mA
correc t? = 0·67 X 10-
98. Consid er the LR circuit shown in the figure . H the
r--1Y l switch S is closed at t = 0 then the amoun t of
charge that passes throug h the battery betwee n t = ()
JR ~ • L
and t = - is:
E

I ! 1~
(a) Work done by tb1e battery is half of the energy
L R

dissipa ted in the resisto r

(b) Att = -r, q = CV/2
(c) At t = =
2-r, q CV(l - e-2) E s
ANSWERS
95. (d) 96. (c) 97. (d)
 (a) -EL
7.3R2
EL
(b) 2.7R2
7.3EL 2.7EL
(c)
R2 (d)R2
(J.E.E. Main 2019)
:xpl.~NATiON.
Growth of current in L-R circuit
'
E .( .
1-e T'
-R) = E [L +_.!:__.!:_] = EL
R R R eR R eR2

EL
q = fIdt =
.
Jo -R
L/R E (
1- e-
R 1)
L dt
= 2.7R2

L. The network shown in fig. is part of a circuit. The (a) t' = 2t (b) t' =t
battery has negligible internal resistance. (c) I' = 21 (d) I' = 41. (I.I. T. 1989)
ExplANATioN.
15
1 L= sm1:1E=, :R=r,\n ·
A~ ~---B L
t = -R
Ai a certain instant, the current I = 5 A and is
decreased at a rate of UP As-1• At that instant, the When solenoid is broken into two equal parts, in
potential difference.
(a) across L is 5 Iilv. distance of each pan =~
(b) across Lis 5 V.
L L
-x- R R
(c) between points A and B is 15 V. -x-
=2 2 =.!. = 2 2 =R
4 and Reff
(d) between points A and Bis 25 V. (l.J.T. 1997) . Leff
L L R R 4
ExpLANATioN. -+- - +-
2 2 2 2
di L/4 L
V8 - VA = E - L dt - IR t'
= R/4 = R = -r
= 15 - 5 x 10-3 x (-10-3) -5 x 1 = 15 V
di I = V and I' = = 4V = 4RV = 41
VL = -L dt = -5 x 10-3 x (- 10-3) = 5V R Reff
3. A series RC circuit is connected to AC voltage
?. A uniformly wound solenoid coil of self inductance source. Consider two case ; (A) when Cis without
and resistance R is connected a battery of voltage a dielectric medium and (B) wllen C is filled with
having negligible internal resistance. The time dielectric of constant 4. The current IR through
constant for the current in the circuit is t and the the resistor and voltage V c acr~ the capacitor are
steady current through the battery is I. The solenoid compared in the two cases. Which of the following ·
coil is now broken up into two identical coils which is/are true ?
are connected in parallel across the same battery. (a) IaA > IaB
The time constant for the current in the circuit is
(c) VcA > VcB (d) VcA < VcB•
now -r' and the steady current through the battery
is I. Then (J.E.E. Advanced 20ll)

ANSWERS
98. (b) 1. (b,c) 2.(b,d) .3. (b,c)
81 UNIT-IV ~~ ffiDt,1AGNgJli, INDUB:r1DN ANJI ALTERNATING CURRENT' - Alternaung 1.,urnu11- 11 u 111 t1 11mun ....

Expli\Ni\TioN.

A V Z1=F*'-
(A) 1R = Z1 , where Z1 = ✓R2 + x~
= ✓2xl00O

= OJ V 20 1
11 = Z1 = ✓2 x 100 = 5✓2A

Impedance of lower arm,

Zi_ = ✓R2 +L2w2 = 50 0

1 R2 + 1
(B) C = 4C, Z2 = l6C20J2
Voltage across 100 n resistor,

1 20
--xlOO=-V
R
V1 =l1 = 5✓ 2, ✓ 2

Voltage across 500 n resistor,

vt
v~ =
In the given circuit, the AC source bas ro = 100 rad/s.
V2 = l2R = ✓2 x 500 = 10✓2 V
4. 5
Considering the inductor and capacitor to be ideal,
Phase difference between V and I 1 ,
the correct choice (s) is/are
l~n 1
tan ~I= - - = 1 or ~I = 45°
CWR
Phase difference between V and 12 ,
o-s H son
LW
tan~ = - = 1 or ~ = 45°
R
20V Thus, 11 and 12 are perpendicular to each other.
' - - - - - - f-

(a) the current through the circuit, I is 0·3 A. I = ✓If + I~ = 0.3 A

(b) the current through the circuit, I is 0·3 ✓2 A. 5. At time t = O, terminal A in the circuit shown ir
the figure is connected to B by a key and ar
(c) the voltage across 100 n resistor = 10 ✓2 V. alternating current l(t) = Io cos (rot), with Io = 1 A
(d) the voltage across SO n resistor = 10 V. and ro = 500 rad s-1 starts flowing in it with tht
(I.I. T. JEE 2012)
. ·t·Ial direction 71t
Expli\Ni\TioN. Impedance of the upper arm, Im . . t h e tiIgure. At t
sh own m = -6co ,·
11 l~Q
the key is switched from B to D. Now onwards onl:,
A and D are connected. A total charge Q flow~
from the battery to charge the capacitor fully. If C
= 20 µF, R = 10 0 and the battery is ideal witb
emf of 50 V, identify the correct statement (s).
0·5 H 500 n
'(a) Magnitude of the maximum charge on thE

capacitor before t = 1 1t is 1 x 10-3 C.

20V
6co
ANSWERS
4. (a,c)
 CCW:Z:=MZtilllfiiiiiilrtiiii?k:i::i4~t,::liii@:im:t~:;ti; ;: ~:==-~:f"; :::_~:..=-=~•.iu::---
...
(b) The current in the left part of the circuit just (a) The voltmeter displays -SV as soon as the key
before t = 71t is clockwise. is pressed and displays + SV after a long time.
6ro (b) The voltmeter will display 0V at time
(c) Immediately after A is connected to D, the t = In 2 seconds.
current in R is 10 A. ·
(d) Q = 2 X l0-3 C. (c) The current in the ammeter becomes !e of the
.------- B D
- ----. initial value after 1 second.
(d) The current in the ammeter becomes zero after
50V
a long time. (J.E.E. Advanced 2016)
C =20µF
ExplANATioN.
R= un At t = 0, charge on capacitors is zero.
. (J.E.E. Advanced 2014) V 5V
ExplAN,uioN. l1 = R = 2sx103n = 0·2 mA
q = fI(t}dt = JI0 cosrotdt =_!sin rot 5V
l2 ~ sox1o3n = O·l mA
lo lA
:.qmax = qo= -
ro
= ----,- = 2
500 rads-•
X 10-3 C
:. Reading of voltmeter= Va - VA
. 71t = -5V
Change on Upper plate of cai;>acitor at t = 6 ro , A

= -Io sm. 71t

(ro x -Y= - -
q' Io
ro 6ro 2ro
When capacitor is fully charged, q = CV
= 20 X 10-6 F X 50 V = 10-3 C
Q = q - q' = 10-3 C - (- ~:)

- -3 1
- 10 C + 2X500
= 2 X 10-3 C 5V
After long, capacitors are fully charged, so
q 10-3c
l1 = l2 = 0
VAD = C = 2ox10-6F = 50 V
(q1)o = 40 X lo-6 F x 5 V = 200 µC
V IOOV
I = R = 10 n = 10 A ('h)o = 20 10-6 F x 5 V
X = 100 µC
6. In the circuit shown below, the key is pressed at . Reading of voltmeter = Va - VA
time t = 0. Which of the following statement (s) is
(are) true? = (q2 )o = 1oo = V
C 20
5
Time constant for 40 µF capacitor,
t1 = RC = 25 X 1030 X ~0 _x 10-6 F
= 1s
Time constant for 20 µF capacitor,
t2 = RC = 50 x10-3 x 20 x 10-6 = ls
Now, charging of a capacitor is given by
q = qo (1 - e-rt~
''-----'-1±1t--_ __.
Key sv qt = 200 X 10-6 (1 - e-1)
am q2 = 100 x 1~-6 (1 - e-1)
ANSWERS
5. (c,d) ----------------- -
6. (a,b,c,d) ·
 11 = dql = (0·2 e-')mA Now, L1l1 = Lil2
dt
l1 = L2 12 = ~2 (1-l1) (·:I= 11 + l2)
and 12 = dq2 = (0· 1 e-')mA L1 1
dt

:. VB - VA= q2 - IR1 = 5 - 10 e-t

. C2
or l1 = ~(L LJ
1
~
2

= 1-11 = ~
At t = In 2, VA - VB = 5 - 10 e-lta.
10
and l2 -~(L1;LJ = ~(L1;LJ
=5- =0V
2
Initial current, 10 = (0·2 + 0·l) mA ~ 0·3 mA Also .!L L
=.-£.=constant.
12 L1
At time t, I= 0·2 e-1 + 0·l e-1
8. In the circuit shown, L = 1 µF and C ':= 1 ~thand
0·2 0·1 0·3 I R = 1 kn. They are connected in senes WI an
Whent = ls I = - + - = - =...2..mA a.c. source V = Vo sin rot as shown. Which of the
' e e e e
following option is/are correct ?
When t ➔ oo, I = 0·2 e-«) + 0· 1 e- = 0.
00

7. A source of constant voltage V is connected to a

resistance R and two ideal inductors L 1 and L2
through a switch S as shown. There is no mutual
inductance between the two inductors. The switch
S is initially open. At t = 0, the switch is closed
and current brings to flow. Which of the following
options is/are correct ?

(a) At ro - 0, the current flowing through the

circuit becomes nearly zero.
(b) At ro >> 1()6 rad s-1 , the circuit behaves like a
. capacitor.
(c) The frequency at which the current will be in
(a) At t = 0, the current through the resistance R phase with the voltage is independent of R.
• V (d) The current will be in ph~e with the voltage
ISR.
if co= 104 rad s-1 • (J.E.E. Advanced 2017)
(b) After a long time, the current through L2 will ExplANATioN.
V L1
V V
~e R L1 +L2
(c) After a long time, current through L, wiU be I= Z= JR'+(w-d,J
VL2
R(L1 +L2) (z) When co - 0, I ➔ 0
. (d) The ratio of the currents through L 1 and L 2 is (u..) When co >> 106 rad s-1 , XL >> Xe, •
so circuit
fixed at all time (t > 0). (J.E.E. Advanced 2017) is inductive dominated.
ExplANinioN. (iii) When voltage and current are in phase,
At t = 0, L1 and Li act as open switches,
= Xe and v = 1
so I =0 XL
After long time, L 1 and Li acts as closed switches, 21t✓!E

V 1 1
so I= - (iv) co = - - = -.==== = 106 rad s-1
R ✓I£ ✓10-6 xl0-6
ANSWERS
7. (b,c,d) a. (a,c)
1u1a
9. In the fi~re SlOM'l bao.v, the 9Nitches s,_ and S2
are closed simultaneously at t = O and a current
starts to Dow in the circuit. Both the batteries have
the same magnitude of the electromotive force (emf)
and the polarities are as indicated in the figure.
Ignore mutual inductance between the inductors.
The current I in the middle wire reaches its
maximum magnitude Imax at time t = 't. Which of
the following statements is (are) true ?
Which of the statement(s) is/are correct ?
(a) I - V (a) If key S 1 is kept closed for long time such that
max - 2R
· capacitors are fully charged, the ·voltage acr~
the capacitor C 1 will be 4 V.
(b) Imax = ~
4R (b) The key S1 is kept closed for long time such .
that capacitors are fully charged. Now key Si
(c) 't =!.in 2 is closed, ·at this time, the instantaneous current
R
across 30 W resistor (between points P and Q)
(d) 't = lL In 2 (J.E.E. Advanced 2018)
will be 0·2 A (round off to 1st decimal place).
R (c) At time t = 0, the key S1 is closed, the
ExpLANATioN. intantaneous current in the closed circuit will
be25 mA.
2L Si

r ; J,3
(d) If key ~ kept dosed for loog time such that
~
capacitors are fully charged, the voltage difference
' lz between points P and Q will be 10 V.
(J.E.E. A dvanced 2019)
• ' ' I

,, I ExplANATioN.
12 y · When S 1 is closed C 1 , C4 and C4 are not taken into
consideration equivalent circuit at t = 0 is shown in
figure.
- - t
I = 11 - ½=_R (1-.e RJ
V - - t V
L - R (l -e 2LRJ
--~,~ sv 300

700
=
V - -1
R
R e 2L
- -1
R
- e 2L J
(

100.Q
I=I ifdl=O
max di
V 5V 1
2L
t =-ln2
1 = Rtq = 200 n = 40 A =0·025 A
R
=25mA
1max = ~(½-¾) = 4~ At steady state, when S 1 is closed the equivalent
capacitance is given by
10. In the circuit shown, initially there is no. charge on
capacitors and keys S1 and Si are open. The values
of the capacitors are C1 = 10 µF, C2 = 30 µF and
c3 = c,
= 80 µF•
ANSWERS
9. (b,d) 10. (a,c)
 uiv ale nt cir cu it is
==_!_+_!__+_!__==_!Q_ 1 W he n sw itc h S2 is clo sed , the eq
10 80 80 80 - g sho wn in figure.
or
aoo
ceq == s µF
5V == 50 µC
4V _[ I i
4V
4 v. L l lO V I
Q == C eq V == 8 µF

: . V across c
X

_ _g_ _ 40 x 10--<;c
._ _ _{.__13_o_n_-TJ ~:: ¥ n ·
1onfL.. .._ ____ 30 0

1 - - -- - - == 4V 6V
C 10 x 10-6p

c4 40 X 10-6 ⇒
V across -
80 x 10-6 == 0 ·5 V
1
~ 0= 30 0
V 40 x 10-6 = 0 .5 V
acrors c 3 == - - -
80 X 10-6
6 12
between p and I - ~- - - = 0 ·07 9A
~t st: ~y state, potential difference 91 + 30 - 15 1
2