To Determine The Effect Of

Different Concentration Of
Bleach Towards Oil Palm
Leaves
NOOR AMYRAH ALINA BT. MOHD AMERUL ‘ASRI BR20110034
 CONTENTS
TABLE OF
01 INTRODUCTION

02 LITERATURE REVIEW

03 METHODOLOGY

04 RESULT
INTRODUCTION
Papermaking is an ancient craft that
has employed diverse fibers for
millennia, primarily grasses, cereal
straws and others, or rags from old
garments manufactured from it, in
various pre - industrial times and
locales. The commercial planting of
tamed mulberry trees to produce
pulp for papermaking dates back to
the sixth century
INTRODUCTION
Although the demand for paper
production in the paper-making
industry contributes to economic
progress, the serious consequences
of paper production should be
considered as it not only results in
deforestation but also creates a
problem with paper waste
JUSTIFICATION
The limitation of wood resources
and the increasing demand for
paper-based products, non-
wood plants are emerging as
potential sources for further
exploration as renewable
sources for pulp and paper-
based production. This is due
to its properties such as short
growth periods and low lignin
content, resulting in decreased
energy and chemical
requirements during the
pulping process.
 Justification
The purpose of this study was to
investigate the papermaking potential of
this industrial by-product in order to
maximize the use of the massive biomass
produced by Malaysia's palm oil industry.
Oil palm leaves was used in this study as it
is considered as potential non-wood pulp
 OBJECTIVES
01 03
To determine the difference of To determine the best concentration
brightness on the pulp using the that influence the brightness of the
different concentration. pulp.

02
To observe the reaction occurs on
the pulp using different
concentration.
 LITERATURE REVIEW
• BLEACHING PROCESS

When referring to wood pulp, the phrase

"bleaching“ refers to a chemical treatment of
the pulp to increase its capacity to reflect visible
light, or brightness
 LITERATURE REVIEW
NON-WOOD CHARACTERISTIC AND
ADVANTAGES

• Gramineous Fiber Materials

• Bast Fiber Materials
• Seed Hull Fiber Materials
• Leaf Fiber Materials
 LITERATURE REVIEW
OIL PALM TREE

Oil palm fronds are currently regarded as waste

from oil palm fields, and their biomass is not
completely utilized. The overall production of
these felled and pruned oil palm fronds in
Malaysia is estimated at 24.4 million dry matter
per year, which nearly doubled within a decade
to around 40 million in 2004. Recycling is
required to create something usable while
avoiding environmental pollution.
 METHODOLOGY
STUDY MATERIAL
LOCATION
All of these tools are
The experiment is readily available in
being carried out at the UMS laboratory,
the UMS Sandakan and raw materials like
campus's lab and oil oil palm leaves may
palm plantation. be found in oil palm
plantations.
METHOD

Fresh oil palm leaves were obtained from the plantation area in campus UMS, Sandakan. The
samples were cut into the desired size. Next, several processes such as pulping process is
implemented to obtain data for chemical properties and morphological characterization.
TAPPI standard (Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry) is used to determine
the chemical composition.
 DESIGN
EXPERIMENTAL
One-way ANOVA will be used on these experiment to test the process using more
variations (bleaching concentration) of the experiment independent variable (oil
palm fronds pulp). Then, a sample was taken to observe from the results of each
run.
EXPECTED
RESULTS
I. The difference of brightness on the pulp using
the different concentration is determined.
II. The reaction occurs on the pulp using different
concentration is observed.
III. The best concentration that influence the
brightness of the pulp is determined.
 REFENCES

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paper industry.

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industry. Nordic Pulp & Paper Research Journal, 35(2), 215-230.

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