Social: Education, Rise of Chinese Mestizos and Rise of the Inquilinos

"Feudalism"
A Short video summary and insights

The term feudalism was coined in the 19th century to describe the social structure that
prevailed during the high middle ages (100–1300 A.D.). This system involved the
exchange of lands and services. The word "vassal" is used to describe the person who
receives the land. The vocabulary itself explained that the lord or king gave land to a
lesser lord who later became the overlord. On the other hand, the word for the actual
land is "Fief." Be aware that a king who receives land from another king may be referred
to as a "vassal".Because he obtained land from them, the King of England, for instance,
was made inferior to the King of France. The three reasons listed below explain why the
feudal system failed in Europe. The armies that loosened the bonds of feudalism were
first used less and less by kings. The Black Death, a pandemic that reduced the number
of agricultural workers, came in second. Third, as cities grew, they became more
dependent on the money economy rather than the land economy.

Additionally, the great lords were no longer expected to serve the King in the military.
As a substitute for labor, the peasant had increased freedom to live, work, and earn
money. Feudalism in England started to wane in the 14th century but wasn't fully
abolished until the Abolition Act of 1660, which took place in the previous 10 years.
Following the French Revolution in 1789, France ended feudalism in the year 1789.
Feudalism in the British Isles was still present in the 21st century as one of its last
vestiges until it was eventually eradicated by the Scottish polygamy in June 2000 and the
Feudal Kenya Act of 2000 in November 2004.

To sum up, about 90% of the population was engaged in agricultural labor. Farmers
toiled hard and perished young. Most of them passed away before they turned 30. The
monarch thought God had appointed them to the proper suzerainty. It was known as a
"divine privilege." Lords and barons took oaths promising to honor and serve their kings.
The Lord had complete authority over the estate, including the right to hold court and
determine how to punish criminals.
 Political: Liberalism, Impact of the Bourbon Reforms and Cadiz
Constitution

"Philippines During the Time of Rizal"

A short video summary and insights

Politicians in Spain were obstinate under Ferdinand IV's rule in the years 1808–1883 as a
result of debates over political authority and liberalism. Due to this, Spain's 4
constitutions, 28 parliaments, and 529 ministers were implemented, even affecting the
Philippines. Only three to four months were spent by the governors general exchanging
place rangers. This has an impact on the nation that is unable to escape poverty.

The lack of Filipino representation in the Spanish Cortes, which is the most powerful and
highest legislative body that is in charge of formulating legislation, was also discussed.
However, it was taken out by the Spanish so that the King of Spain would not be aware
of their mistreatment of the Filipino people. High-ranking officials and governors-
general plotted to steal and commit money extortion as corruption became a big issue.
Governor-General Valeriano Weyler, commonly known as the "Butcher" due to his
ruthless treatment of Filipino workers, and Governor-General Primo de Rivera, who
constructed casinos all around Manila, are two among them.

The lack of human rights and discrimination against Filipinos is the second issue.
Because of the Spanish colonizers' poor opinion of the Filipino people and their labeling
of them as "Indios" or ignorant people, the Filipinos suffered abuse, were illiterate, were
forced into slavery, and were no longer regarded as citizens of the nation. Filipinos who
were formerly poor are still poor as a result. The legal system has been unreliable and
delayed. Due to the implementation of the Spanish penal code, the punishment was
harsher for Filipinos. Due of their elevated status during the Spanish era, the friars also
became an issue The use of God's word to earn substantial quantities of money is one
illustration of this. The Filipino people's education is also under the friars' influence. One
of the most terrible issues is the Polo Y Servicio, where Filipinos are required to work for
free or for meager wages at times. between the ages of 16 and 40, working for 40 days.
Workers aged 18 to 60 would work for 15 days in July 1883. Spanish speakers as well as
Filipinos included. However, the Spaniards did not put this into practice. These conflicts
gave Rizal the drive to take on the Spaniards.
Name: Rosalinda P. Aspera Course: BEED 3-B
Instructor: Luland P. Rote