Profeduc4

Reporter: Reno G. Salenga/Raphael Bato

Topic: Behavioral Disorder
• A Child have a Behavioral Disorder when He or she demonstrates behavior that is noticeably different from
that expected in school and community
• Also known as disruptive behavioral disorders, are the most common reasons that parents are told to take their
kids for mental health assessments and treatments
Common Behavioral Disorders
1. Separation Anxiety
• Is a perfectly normal part of childhood development
• Sometime between 6-7 months, babies develop a sense of Object Permanence
2. Thumb Sucking
• In Infants and toddler, the behavior is reinforced as a form of self-stimulation or self-comfort and most
frequently observed when the child is sleeping, hungry, frustrated or fatigued.
• Thumb-sucking can be an indication of Maladjustment or Lack of Love
3. Bruxism (Teeth Grinding)
• It is one of the commonest habit disorders in children, characterized by nonfunctional repeated grinding of the
teeth with a high pitch sound, usually during sleep
• Bruxism is usually considered as a tension discharge activity for a child’s unexpressed anger or anxiety
4. Head banging
• This can occur in 3-19% of developmentally normal children younger than 3 years’ old
• It is more frequently observed in children with autism or developmental delay
5. Pica
• Pica is an eating Disorder typically defined as the persistent ingestion of nonnutritive substances
• Poor supervision, lack of affection, Malnourished, and parental neglect
6. Nail Biting (Onychophagia)
• Nail biting is a common oral compulsive habit in children and young adults.
• The main cause is insecurity
• There may be a genetic component as nail biting is more common when parents were nail bitters as children
• Sign of tension and self-punishment
• It may be due to pressurized study at school or home or due to watching frightening violent scenes
7. Breath Holding Spells
• Breath-holding spell usually are triggered by physically painful or emotionally upsetting events.
• Stops breathing and loses consciousness for a short period
• Breath holding spells can take one of two forms
• Cyanotic Form (Common)
• Initiated subconsciously by young children in response to a scolding or other upsetting events
• Skin begins to turn blue, and the child becomes unconscious
• A Brief seizure may occur
• Pallid Form
• Typically follows a painful experience, such as falling and banging the head
8. Stuttering
• Is a form of dysfluency (an interruption in the flow of speech)?
• The first signs of stuttering 18-24 months
• They repeat certain syllables, words or phrases or prolong them
• Genetics 60% of those who stutter have a close family member who stutters
9. Body Rocking and Rhythmic movements
• These occur in most infants aged 6-12 months.
• Body rocking usually involves a forward and backward rhythmic swaying of the trunk at the hips, generally
from siting position

10. Temper Tantrums

• Temper tantrums range from whining and crying to screaming, kicking, hitting, and breath holding when they
do not have control over the situation or needs of the child are not met.
 • They’re equally common in boys and girls usually occur between the ages of 1 to 3 years old.
• When kids discover that they can’t have everything they want, the stage is set for tantrum.
• As language skills improve, tantrums tend to decrease.
11. Enuresis (Bed Wetting)
• Repeated Discharge of urine into clothes or bed after a developmental age when Bladder control should be
established.
• Types of Enuresis
• 1.Primary Enuresis – Child has never been dry at night (90% of cases)
• 2.Secondary enuresis – child has been continent for less than 6 months and then begins to wet bed during
sleep
• 3.Nocturnal enuresis – voiding urine at night
• 4.Diurnal enuresis – child passes urine in clothes during day and while awake

Causes of primary enuresis

• Marked familial pattern
• Exact pattern of transmission not clear
• Abnormal bladder function
• Diminished capacity to be aroused from sleep
Causes of Secondary enuresis
• Psychosocial stress
 Child insecure after birth of younger siblings
 Family quarrels
 Academic stress
• Urinary tract infection
• Juvenile diabetes mellitus
Causes of Diurnal enuresis
• Micturition deferral child waits until last minute to void urine (as busy playing)
• Urination tract infection
• Associated constipation
12. Tic
• Repetitive movements of muscle, groups of face, neck, hands, shoulder, and trunk
• E.g. Lip Smacking, grimacing, tongue thrusting, eye blinking, and throat clearing
• Tics can be suppressed by child for short periods if made conscious.
• Never associated with transient inability to interact (Epilepsy)
• Rarely, tics precipitated in child on stimulant medication for ADHD
13. Encopresis
• Passage of faeces into inappropriate places after 4 years of age
• Usually associated with constipation and overflow
• Subtypes
a) Primary: Persisting from infancy onward and Developmental delay
b) Secondary:
• appears after successful toilet training
• Psychosocial stressor
• Conduct disorder
14. Sibling Rivalry
• Is antagonism between brothers and/or sisters that results in physical fighting, verbal hostility, teasing, or
bullying.
• Feeling of threat when the new siblings is welcomed home
• A feeling of boredom also makes siblings to fight each other
• Feeling of dominance over the other also increases conflicts and fights
• Lack of proper intimacy among siblings