CHAPTER 2

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

This chapter represents the relevant literatures that the researchers examined in
strengthening the importance of the present study.

Related Literature ( Foreign )

Motivation is defined by Hierarchy of Needs, and stated that humans are inherently
motivated to better themselves and move toward expressing their full potential, self actualization
by progressively encountering and satisfying several needs from the most fundamental such as
for food, safety and materials. (Maslow, 2017).

This study aims to examine the impact of giving monetary as a reward to motivate the
students and results to what Journal of Environmental Economics and Management pointed out
that a student is more likely to perform well and study in school by being rewarded by cash or
money rather than being forced to study resulting to a mental stress of student. (Kaczan, 2019).

CNBC ECONOMY noted that they found that students offered money scored better in the
latter half of the test, with scores increasing three percentage points in the first half of the test
and eight percentage points in the second half.
In addition, the estimate that increasing student effort on the test itself would improve the
performance of the students by 22 to 24 points (Sadoff, 2017).

Critics say that paying kids for good grades sets them up to expect a reward for everything they
do. But financial incentives are a fact of life in the working world. (Khalfani-Cox, 2019)

From an article in Junior Scholastic (2019), Want a new XBox? Free ice cream? A wad of cash?
They could be yours—if you get an A on your next report card. In an effort to motivate students,
some parents and schools have been offering rewards to teens for getting good grades. In some
New York City schools, for instance, seventh-graders could earn $50 for a perfect score on
certain tests.
People who support such plans say rewards can encourage students to devote more time and
attention to their schoolwork. As a result, they say, kids often develop new focus and better work
habits that will benefit them later in life, such as in college or their future jobs. Plus, teens who
earn prizes may eventually discover that a good grade can be rewarding in itself. (Borba, 2019)

According to Unselfie concluded that, rewarding good grades can serve as an extra incentive for
students to study longer and try harder. In offering rewards, however, it’s important for teachers,
parents and administrators to set clear goals and stress the importance of learning, not just
passing tests and earning money. Some studies shows that when the cash is used to kick-start
students’ motivation rather than replace it, rewards can work. (Borba, M. 2019).

Related Literature ( Local )

According to Intrinsic and Extrinsic: Motivating Students as Basis for Action Plan of
Teachers in Filipino, various researchers have tried to ascertain the most effective motivational
strategies that could be used to strengthen the performance level of students in all subject areas.
(Perez, 2019).
The continuous decline of the performance level of learners, especially in the Filipino subject,
has been a great challenge. In response to this, the researcher conducted a related study that
could give a possible solution to this dilemma.

The Effects of Motivational Techniques on The Students of Saint Bridget Colleges High School
Department stated that, motivation is the determining factor in learning, since students who do
not want to learn will not learn regardless of the caliber of the teacher, and the students who do
want to learn will learn. When students are motivated, learning would easily take place.
However, motivating students to learn requires a very challenging role on the part of the teacher.
It requires a variety of teaching styles or techniques just to capture a students’ interest (Maranan,
2019).

According to Achievement, affiliation, power and academic performance of business

management students of a state university in Cavite, Philippines, Achievement motivation is
highest for freshmen, juniors are affiliation-oriented and seniors are power motivated. Results
imply that while studies show a correlation between motivation profiles and academic
performance. As students’ motivation shifts from achievement to affiliation to power, teachers
may ensure that students have a healthy combination of activities that foster a sense of
achievement, good interpersonal relationships, collaboration and healthy competition (Corpuz,
2022).
The importance of motivation to the learning process was documented from A review of the
motivation theories in learning as persons’ achievement and ambitions are embedded in his
motivation. The authors emphasized the relevance of motivation in a students’ success,
particularly in a field of education, for it serves as a enabler and driving force that allows
students to overcome challenges in life. However, teachers have pivotal role in creating a
conductive climate that will spur a positive attitude and facilitate students' success (Gopalan,
2017).