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12th Physics Project PDF
12th Physics Project PDF
SESSION:-2018-2019
CLASS:-12TH science
PHYSICS PROJECT
ROLL NO:-______
topic:- To study the various factors on which
the internal resistance/emf of the cell depends .
Submitted To:- Submitted By:-
Mr.Sanjay Singh Viren Panchal
INDEX
Srno. Content Page no.
1.Certificate of Excellence 1
2.Acknownledgment 2
3.Introduction 3
4.Aim of the project 5
5.Theory 6
6.Circuit diagram 7
7.Apparatus Required 8
8.Procedured followed 9
9.Observation 12
10.Result & Inferences 13
11.Precautions 14
12.Bibliography 15
Certificate
Of
EXcellence
_____________ ____________
Sign of External Sign of Internal
Examiner Examiner
Acknowledgement
INTRODUCTION
INTERNAL
RESISTANCE
Internal resistance is defined as the
resistance offered by the electrolyte of
the cell to the flow of ions.
Its S.I. unit is Ohm (Ω)
For a cell of e.m.f. (E) and internal
resistance (r), connected to an external
resistance (R) such that (I) is the
current flowing through the circuit,
E = V + Ir
Internal Resistance,
r = E-V/I
THEORY
Circuit diagram
Figure 1.1
Apparatus Required
A potentiometer,
a jockey,
a battery ,
three way keys,
a fractional resistance box,
a high resistance box(about 0-10000 Ω),
a rheostat of low resistance,
a voltmeter ,aprimary cell(say voltaic),
electrolytes of different concentrations,
an ammeter,connecting wiresand pieces of
sand paper.
Procedure Followed
10
7. Determine the position of the null point
accurately using a set square and measure the
balancing length (l1) between the null point
and the end P.
8. Next introduce plugs in both keys K1 and K2.
At the same time, take out a small resistance
(1 – 5 W) from the shunt resistance box
connected in parallel with the cell.
11
12
Observation
S.no. Ammeter Position of null point Shunt Internal
Reading (cm) Resistance Resistance
(A) With R Without R R(Ω) r(Ω)
(l1) (l2)
1.
2.
3.
13
14
PRECAUTIONS
15
bibliography
Help from internet
NCERT textbook class 12th
NCERT physics lab manual
Internet
www.scribd.com
www.wikipedia.com
www.google.com