C-Nav2050 Users Guide

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C-Nav GPS Division,
C&C Technologies, Inc.,
730 E. Kaliste Saloom Road,
Lafayette, LA 70508 U.S.A.
http://www.cctechnol.com
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2050 User Guide
Table of Contents
Notices ii
COCOM Limits .............................................................................................................iv
Contact Information .......................................................................................................v
Chapter 1 Introduction 1
System Overview ......................................................................................................... 1
Applications .................................................................................................................. 4
Unique Features........................................................................................................... 4
Chapter 2 Interfacing 7
Electrical Power............................................................................................................ 7
Communication Ports ................................................................................................... 8
Indicator Panel ........................................................................................................... 10
1 PPS ......................................................................................................................... 12
CAN Bus/Event .......................................................................................................... 13
Chapter 3 Installation 15
Tri-Mode Antenna....................................................................................................... 15
GPS Sensor ............................................................................................................... 16
Communication Ports ................................................................................................. 17
GPS Antenna Connector............................................................................................ 18
Chapter 4 Configuration 19
Factory Default Settings ............................................................................................. 19
Advanced Configuration Settings ............................................................................... 20
Chapter 5 Safety Instructions 21
FCC Notice................................................................................................................. 21
Transport .................................................................................................................... 21
Maintenance............................................................................................................... 21
External Power Source............................................................................................... 21
Safety First ................................................................................................................. 22
Appendix A: GPS Sensor Technical Specifications 23
2050G and 2050M...................................................................................................... 23
LED Display Functions (Default) ................................................................................ 25
Appendix B: GPS Antenna Technical Specifications 27
L1+L, L2 GPS Antenna ............................................................................................ 27
Appendix C: Global corrected GPS (GcGPS) 29
Description ................................................................................................................. 29
How to Access the C-Nav® / StarFire Service......................................................... 32
Appendix D: NMEA Data Output Message Formats 37
D.1 ALM NMEA Sentence..................................................................................... 40
D.2 GBS NMEA Sentence .................................................................................... 41
D.3 GGA NMEA Sentence .................................................................................... 42
D.4 GLL NMEA Sentence ..................................................................................... 44
D.5 GSA NMEA Sentence .................................................................................... 45
D.6 GST NMEA Sentence..................................................................................... 46
D.7 RMC NMEA Sentence.................................................................................... 48
D.8 VTG NMEA Sentence..................................................................................... 49
D.9 ZDA NMEA Sentence..................................................................................... 50
D.10 SET ‘Proprietary’ NMEA Sentence ................................................................. 51
Appendix E: StarFire L-Band Correction Signal Selection 53
Appendix F: How to Log RAW GPS ‘binary’ data 55
Glossary 63
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2050 User Guide
Notices
2050 GPS Products User Guide C&C P/N 5250001

Revision 1.2 Oct 2006
Serial Number:
Date Delivered:
Copyright
 2006 by C&C Technologies, Inc. and NavCom Technology, Inc.

All rights reserved. No part of this work or the computer programs described herein may be
reproduced or stored or transmitted by any means, without the written permission of the copyright
holders. Translation in any language is prohibited without the permission of the copyright holders.
Trademarks
The ‘find your way’, ‘NavCom Globe’ and NAVCOM TECHNOLOGY logos are trademarks of
NavCom Technology, Inc.
StarFire is a registered trademark of Deere & Company. All other product and brand names are
trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective holders.
C-Nav® is a registered product of C&C Technologies, Inc. (C-Nav GPS Division)
FCC Notice
This device complies with Part 15 of the FCC Rules. Operation is subject to the following two
conditions:
(1) this device may not cause harmful interference, and
(2) this device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause
undesired operation.
User Notice
NAVCOM / C&C. SHALL NOT BE RESPONSIBLE FOR ANY INACCURACIES, ERRORS, OR

OMISSIONS IN INFORMATION CONTAINED HEREIN, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
INFORMATION OBTAINED FROM THIRD PARTY SOURCES, SUCH AS PUBLICATIONS OF
OTHER COMPANIES, THE PRESS, OR COMPETITIVE DATA ORGANIZATIONS.
THIS PUBLICATION IS MADE AVAILABLE ON AN “AS IS” BASIS AND NAVCOM / C&C.
SPECIFICALLY DISCLAIMS ALL ASSOCIATED WARRANTIES, WHETHER EXPRESS OR
IMPLIED. IN NO EVENT WILL NAVCOM / C&C BE LIABLE FOR DIRECT, INDIRECT, SPECIAL,
INCIDENTAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OF OR
RELIANCE ON THE MATERIAL CONTAINED IN THIS PUBLICATION, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES. NAVCOM / C&C RESERVES THE RIGHT TO MAKE
IMPROVEMENTS OR CHANGES TO THIS PUBLICATION AND THE PRODUCTS AND
SERVICES HEREIN DESCRIBED AT ANY TIME, WITHOUT NOTICE OR OBLIGATION.
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2050 User Guide
Limited Warranty
NAVCOM / C&C. warrants that its products will be free from defects in workmanship at the
time of delivery. Under this limited warranty parts found to be defective or defects in
workmanship will be repaired or replaced at the discretion of NavCom Technology, Inc., at
no cost to the Buyer, provided that the Buyer returns the defective product to NavCom
Technology, Inc. in the original supplied packaging and pays all transportation charges,
duties, and taxes associated with the return of the product. Parts replaced during the
warranty period do not extend the period of the basic limited warranty.
This provision does not extend to any NavCom Technology, Inc. products, which have been
subjected to misuse, accident or improper installation, maintenance or application, nor does
it extend to products repaired or altered outside the NavCom Technology, Inc. production
facility unless authorized in writing by NavCom Technology, Inc.
THIS PROVISION IS EXPRESSLY ACCEPTED BY THE BUYER IN LIEU OF ANY OR ALL

OTHER AGREEMENTS, STATEMENTS OR REPRESENTATIONS, EXPRESSED OR
IMPLIED, IN FACT OR IN LAW, INCLUDING THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND OF ALL
DUTIES OR LIABILITIES OF NAVCOM TECHNOLOGY, INC. TO THE BUYER ARISING
OUT OF THE USE OF THE GOODS, AND NO AGREEMENT OR UNDERSTANDING
VARYING OR EXTENDING THE SAME WILL BE BINDING UPON NAVCOM
TECHNOLOGY, INC. UNLESS IN WRITING, SIGNED BY A DULY-AUTHORIZED
OFFICER OF C&C and NAVCOM
This limited warranty period is one (1) year from date of purchase.
See service agreement for specific warranty information.
StarFire Licensing
The StarFire signal requires a subscription that must be purchased in order to access the service.
Licenses are non-transferable, and are subject to the terms of the C-Nav[2050] Signal Subscription /
StarFire Signal License agreement.
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2050 User Guide
Global Positioning System
Selective availability (S/A code) was disabled on 2nd May 2000 at 04:05 UTC. The United
States government has stated that present GPS users do so at their own risk. The US
Government may at any time end or change operation of these satellites without warning.
The U.S. Department of Commerce Limits

Requirements state that all exportable GPS products contain performance limitations so that
they cannot be used to threaten the security of the United States.
Access to satellite measurements and navigation results will be limited from display and
recordable output when predetermined values of velocity and altitude are exceeded. These
threshold values are far in excess of the normal and expected operational parameters of the
2050 GPS Sensor.
COCOM Limits
The U.S. Department of Commerce requires that all exportable GPS products contain
performance limitations so that they cannot be used in a manner that could threaten the
security of the United States. The following limitations are implemented on the C-Nav[2050]
GPS Receiver.
Immediate access to satellite measurements and navigation results is disabled when the
receiver’s velocity is computed to be greater than 1000 knots (515 meters per second), or its
altitude is computed to be above 18,000 meters. The receiver continuously resets until the
COCOM situation is cleared.
Use of this Document
This User Guide is intended to be used by someone familiar with the concepts of GPS and
satellite surveying equipment.
Note indicates additional information to make better use of the product
a Indicates a caution, care, and/or safety situation
Warning indicates potentially harmful situations
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2050 User Guide
Contact Information
If you have a problem and cannot find the information you need during installation or operation of the
C-Nav GPS System product or documentation, contact C&C Technologies, Inc. C-Nav Support
Group. The contact information is as follows:-
Phone: (+1) 337-261-0660 USA (24/7 support)

Fax: (+1) 337-261-0192 USA
Phones are answered 24 hours, 7 days a week, with on-call technical support engineers available
(at short notice).
Email: cnav.support@cctechnol.com
WEB: http://www.cctechnol.com/cnav - C-Nav Support / C-Nav GPS Division
Note – C-Nav Support's technical group ‘standard’ work hours are 7am to 5pm, Monday through Friday
Central USA Standard Time for immediate contact in the USA. In addition, our regional offices can provide
first line support for the C-Nav GPS System.
To expedite the support process, please have following information available:

1. The product type and model number(s)
2. The Serial number(s)
3. The software or firmware version number(s)
4. The LAT/LON position of operation
5. Your specific question or problem.
Please detail background information, such as the configuration of your system, the actual receiver
parameters of operation, and the exact type, make, and configuration of your computer and
navigation software in use.
If you have received error messages, please specify the exact wording.
If you need to send a data file along with your inquiry, please compress the file using PKZIP or
WINZIP Software and name the file with the extension .ZIP.
Use one of the following methods to send the data file:
• Attach the file(s) to your email inquiry to cnav.support@cctechnol.com. The file attachments
must be less than 2Mbyte in size in order for them to be received via the C&C Technologies,
Inc. mail-server.
• Place the file on an open FTP site and include the 'link' to the filename in your email (or
telephone) inquiry so that C-Nav Support can retrieve the file(s).
In the event that your equipment requires service, we recommend that you contact either your
regional agent or C&C Technologies, Inc., GPS Services Group to obtain a Return Material
Authorization (RMA) number before returning any items or product. You do need to provide a fault
or failure description before C&C Technologies, Inc., will issue an RMA number that must be used to
identify and track all returned equipment.
Note – Please see the Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) on the C-Nav WEB Site
(ie; http://www.cctechnol.com/cnav)
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2050 User Guide
Chapter 1 Introduction
The 2050 GPS sensor delivers unmatched accuracy to the precise positioning community who
need a cost-effective, high performance GPS sensor. These unique receivers use the StarFire
Network, J.Deere / C-Nav worldwide Differential GPS system, for instant decimeter level position
accuracy, virtually anywhere in the world, anytime.
System Overview
GPS Sensor
The 2050 sensor consists of a 22-channel precision GPS sensor with two additional
channels for receiving Satellite Based Augmentation System (SBAS) signals and an L-Band
demodulator for reception of C-Nav StarFire Network correction service, for decimeter-
level position accuracy, anywhere in the world, anytime. The sensor can output proprietary
raw data as fast as 50Hz (optional) and Position Velocity Time (PVT) data as fast as 25Hz
(optional) through two 115kbps serial ports. The 2050 model sensors deliver unmatched
positioning accuracy to system integrators needing a cost-effective, high performance
differential GPS sensor.
The 2050 has a built-in L-Band demodulator for reception of C-Nav StarFire Network
correction service giving an immediate solution for the user utilizing the global Real-Time
Gypsy (RTG) and regional Wide area Correction Transform (WCT) solutions. Additionally,
the unit can accept corrections for DGPS, WAAS/EGNOS, assuring seamless position
output.
The 2050G is packaged for mobility. It can be used for Geographical Information System
(GIS), aerial and hydrographic surveying, and post-processed dual-frequency surveys. The
GPS sensor can be carried in a backpack with the antenna either pole-mounted from the
backpack or on a survey pole with a single cable connection.
The 2050M is ideal for vehicle mounting to suit a wide variety of machine guidance and
control applications in agriculture, mining, aerial, and hydrographic surveying. It is equipped
with additional features allowing interconnectivity with a wide variety of antennas, vehicle
data busses and other instrumentation to suit specific applications and configurations. The
2050M also has a 1PPS output port and a combined Event/CAN Bus interface port.
Both 2050 models can output proprietary raw data as fast as 50Hz (optional) and Position
Velocity Time (PVT) data as fast as 25Hz (optional) through two 115kbps serial ports with
less than 20ms latency. The horizontal accuracy of 1 cm or better and the vertical accuracy
of 2 cm or better are maintained as each output is independently calculated based on an
actual GPS position measurement, as opposed to an extrapolation between 1Hz
measurements.
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2050 User Guide
Integrated GPS and Inmarsat Band Antenna
The all-in-one housing incorporates our compact GPS antenna with excellent tracking
performance and a stable phase center for GPS L1 and L2. The robust housing assembly
features a standard 5/8” BSW thread for mounting directly to a surveyor’s pole, tripod, or
mast and is certified to 70,000 feet.
Note – Although rated to 70K feet, the ‘standard’ survey antenna is not designed for aircraft installations.
Controller
The 2050 GPS sensor is designed for use with an external Controller Solution connected
via one of the two COM ports (normally Com2 – Port B).
This may be accomplished using an IBM compatible PC, Tablet PC or Personal Digital
Assistant (PDA) and a software program which implements the rich NCT control language
defined for 2050 GPS products - see the User’s Guide of your Controller Solution for further
information.
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2050 User Guide
Included Items
2050 GPS Sensor either (2050G C&C P/N 025G001-0)
or (2050M C&C P/N 025M001-0)
Compact L1/L2 Tri-Mode GPS Antenna (C&C P/N 8250001-0)
12 ft GPS Antenna Cable (C&C P/N 4250001-12)
LEMO 4-Pin External Power Cable (C&C P/N 4250005-10)
LEMO 7 Pin to DB9S Data Communications Cable (C&C P/N 4250003-6)
Dual Data Interface Cable [Not Shown] (C&C P/N 4250004-0)
CD-Rom (C&C P/N 6250001-xx) containing User Guide, software utilities (STARUTIL) etc...
2050 User’s Guide - Hard Copy {Not Shown} (C&C P/N 5250001-xx)
Ruggedized Travel Case {Not Shown} (C&C P/N 3250004-0)
Figure 1: 2050 Supplied Equipment
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2050 User Guide
Applications
The 2050 GPS sensors meet the needs of a large number of applications including, but not
limited to:
Land Survey / GIS
Asset Location
Hydrographic Survey
Photogrammetric Survey
Machine Control
Railway, Ship and Aircraft Precise Location
Unique Features
The 2050 GPS sensor has many unique features:
C-Nav StarFire [Subscription Required]
The ability to receive the C-Nav StarFire correction service is fully integrated within each
unit. No additional equipment is required. A single set of Real-Time Gypsy (RTG)
corrections can be used globally enabling a user to achieve decimeter level positioning
accuracy without the need to deploy a separate base station. Thus saving time and capital
expenditure.
Regional Wide area Correction Transform (WCT) is also available from the StarFire
correction service where applicable.
Positioning Flexibility
The 2050 is capable of using two internal Satellite Based Augmentation System (SBAS)
channels that provide Wide Area Augmentation System (WAAS) or European
Geostationary Navigation Overlay Service (EGNOS) code corrections. The 2050 self
configures itself to use the most suitable correction source available and changes as the
survey dictates.
Data Sampling
GPS L1 and L2 raw data is 1 to 5 Hz in the standard configuration, and as an optional

upgrade as fast as 10, 25, and 50Hz via either of the two serial ports. The PVT (Position,
Time, & Velocity) data is also 1 to 5 Hz in the standard configuration, and as an optional
upgrade as fast as 10, and 25Hz for high dynamic applications.
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2050 User Guide
GPS Performance
The NCT-2000D GPS engine at the heart of the 2050 incorporates several patented
innovations. The receiver provides more than 50% signal to noise ratio advantage over
competing technologies. The benefit to the user is improved real time positioning.
Independent tests have proven the NCT-2000D to be the best receiver when facing various
multipath environments.
Rugged Design
The rugged design of the 2050 system components provides protection against the harsh
environments common to areas such as construction sites, offshore vessels and mines.
Units have been tested to conform to MIL-STD-810F for low pressure, solar radiation, rain,
humidity, salt fog, sand, and dust.
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2050 User Guide
Chapter 2 Interfacing
This chapter details the 2050 GPS sensor connectors and status display. Appropriate sources of
electrical power, and how to interface the communication ports.
Electrical Power
The electrical power input comprises a 4-pin LEMO female connector located on the bottom
front panel of the 2050, and is labeled ‘DC PWR’ as shown in Figure 2. The pin
designations of this connector are shown in Table 1; see Figure 2 for pin rotation on unit.
Pin Description
1 Return
2 Return
3 Power Input 10 to 30 VDC
4 Power Input 10 to 30 VDC
Table 1: External Power Cable Pin-Out
Note – Pins 1 and 2 are connected together inside the 2050 GPS sensor. Pins 3 and 4 are connected
together inside the GPS sensor.
C&C P/N 4250005-10 is a 3m (10ft) un-terminated power cable fitted with a LEMO plug type
(Mfr. P/N FGG.1K.304.CLAC50Z) and red strain relief, is suitable for supplying power to the
2050 GPS sensor. This cable is supplied with the 2050 series of GPS sensors.
The GPS sensor is protected from reverse polarity by an inline diode. It will operate on any
DC voltage between 10 and 30 VDC, which is capable of supplying the required current.
The 2050 GPS receiver typically uses:
0.87 Amps at 12VDC (10.4 Watts)

Note – When using an external power cable longer than 5m(15ft), it is recommended that positive voltage DC
be supplied on both pins 3 and 4, and return on both pins 1 and 2.
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2050 User Guide
Note – Voltages less than 10VDC will shut the unit down. When power is restored, the ON switch will need to
be held down for more than 3 seconds.
Voltages in excess of 30VDC will damage the unit. It is extremely important to ensure that the power
supply is well conditioned with surge protection. This is especially true for vehicular electrical
systems, which can create voltage spikes far in excess of 30VDC.
Communication Ports
The 2050 GPS sensor is fitted with two 7-pin female LEMO connector communication ports
located at the bottom front of the GPS sensor as shown in Figure 2 labeled COM1 and
COM2. Each conforms to the EIA RS232 standard with data speeds between 1200 bps and
115.2kbps. The pin-outs for these connectors are described in Table 2. An interface data
cable (C&C P/N 4250003-6) is supplied with the 2050 for easy startup. The cable
construction is described in Figure 4.
LEMO Signal Nomenclature DB9S

Pins [DCE w/respect to DB9] Pins
1 CTS Clear To Send 8
2 RD Receive Data 2
3 TD Transmit Data 3
4 DTR Data Terminal Ready 4
5 RTN Return [Ground] 5
6 DSR Data Set Ready 6
7 RTS Request To Send 7
Table 2: Serial Cable Pin-Outs
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2050 User Guide
Figure 2: 2050 Front View
Figure 3: 2050M Only Back View
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2050 User Guide
Figure 4: 6ft Serial Cable C&C P/N 4250003-6
Note – Pin 5 should connect to shield of cable at both ends.
Indicator Panel
Figure 5: 2050 Indicator Panel
The Indicator Panel provides the on/off (I/O) switch and a quick view of the status of the
2050 GPS sensor, corrections source & type, and StarFire signal strength. Each of the
three indicators has three LEDs, which depict status as detailed in the following tables.
To power the unit on or off, the on/off (I/O) switch must be depressed for more than 3
seconds. During power up of the GPS sensor, all LEDs will be on for a period of 3-5
seconds.
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2050 User Guide
Link LEDs
Note – The Link lights are software configurable via the appropriate NCT proprietary command. Because of
the numerous scenarios available for the Link light, only the factory default configuration [Rover Mode] is
discussed.
LINK Status
Command Mode
Repeating Red to Amber to Green indicates

Searching StarFire signal
Strong Signal Strength from StarFire
Medium Signal Strength StarFire
Weak Signal Strength StarFire
Table 3: Link Light Indication
Base LEDs
BASE Status
The BASE LEDs are not utilized in the

2050 GPS sensor
Table 4: Base station Indication
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2050 User Guide
GPS LEDs
GPS Status
Power is off
Power is on. No satellites tracked
Tracking satellites, position not available yet
Non-differential positioning
Code based differential positioning
Dual frequency Phase positioning
Table 5: GPS Light Indication
Note – The GPS LEDs will blink at the PVT positioning rate selected (1, 2, 5, 10 and 25 Hz).
1 PPS
The 2050M has the ability to output a precise pulse every second with a relative accuracy to
within 12.5ns, and an absolute accuracy better than 100ns. The 1 PPS is 50-Ohm, TTL
level. By using the appropriate NCT proprietary command, the 1PPS pulse width is user
configurable between 0.01 and 0.50 seconds, with the default width set to 0.10 seconds.
The delay default is set to 0.0 seconds from the GPS zero second mark and is configurable
between 0.0 seconds and 0.999 seconds.
This precise pulse can be used for a variety of time mark applications where precise timing
is a must. The 1PPS pulse is user configurable to sync on the rising or falling edge of the
pulse. Connecting the 1PPS output requires a cable with a BNC male connector.
C&C P/N 425006-3 provides a 0.9m (3ft) long BNC male to BNC male connection.
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2050 User Guide
CAN Bus/Event
The 2050M also employs CAN Bus technology. CAN bus is a balanced (differential) 2-wire
interface, and is ISO11898 -24V compliant. The CAN interface uses an asynchronous
transmission scheme. This interface employs a serial binary interchange and is widely used
in the automotive industry. The data rate for the 2050M CAN Bus is defined as 250Kbps
maximum. Termination resistors are used at each end of the cable. This port/connector is
shared with the Event Input.
The 2050M also can utilize an event input. This input pulse can be used to synchronize any
external incident that requires precise GPS time tagging, such as aerial photography. The
action of a camera’s aperture could send a pulse to the Event port of the 2050M and have it
output position information relative to the time the photograph was taken. It requires input
impedance of 50 Ohms, a minimum High Level Input of 2.5V, and a minimum Low Level
Input of 1.2V. The propagation delay is less than 100nsec. The Event Input latch can be
configured to sync on the rising, or falling edge of the event input pulse by using the
appropriate NCT proprietary command. Connecting the shared EVT MKR/CAN BUS port
requires a five core 5mm diameter cable fitted with a LEMO plug type
FGG.0K.305.CLAC50Z plus strain relief. This is available as C&C P/N 4250007-3.
LEMO
Signal Name
Pins
1 EVENT LO
2 EVENT HI
3 GND
4 CAN HI
5 CAN LO
Table 6: Event and CAN Bus Connector
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2050 User Guide
Chapter 3 Installation
This chapter provides guidance on how the hardware should be installed for optimum performance.
Tri-Mode Antenna
The antenna is fitted with a 5/8 inch BSW threaded mount with a depth of 16mm (0.63 inch).
This should be used as the primary means of mounting the antenna.
It is possible to remove the 5/8 inch BSW threaded alloy insert to reveal the secondary
means of mounting the antenna which consists of a 1-14UNS-2B thread with a depth of
16mm (0.63 inch) typically used in the marine industry for navigation antennas.
Figure 6: Tri-Mode GPS Antenna
Note – The eight Philips screws on the base of the antenna should not be loosened or used for mounting the
antenna. This will compromise the environmental seal of the antenna, may lead to internal damage and will
void the equipment warranty.
There should be an unobstructed view of the sky above a 7-degree elevation mask for
optimum GPS satellite visibility. Any obstructions above the horizon should be mapped
using a compass and clinometer and used in satellite prediction software with a recent
satellite almanac to assess the impact on satellite visibility at that location. Potential sources
of interference should be avoided where possible. Example interference sources include
overhead power lines, radio transmitters and nearby electrical equipment.
To take full advantage of the StarFire service, there needs to be a clear line of sight
between the antenna and the local Inmarsat satellite. Inmarsat satellites are geo-
synchronized 35,768kms above the Equator currently at Longitudes 098°West, 025°East,
and 109°East.
Calculating the azimuth and elevation of these from a known latitude, longitude and height
can be determined from the use of the Satellite Calculator HTML utility.
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2050 User Guide
GPS Sensor
The 2050 GPS sensor can be mounted to a flat surface using the four screw slots shown in
Figure 7. In environments with high vibration, shock absorbers suitable for 1.8kg (4lbs)
should be considered.
Figure 7: SF-2050 Base Plate Dimensions
The 2050 can be installed in a backpack for mobile surveying applications.
The sensor should not be placed in a confined space or where it may be exposed to
excessive heat, moisture or humidity.
Note – There are no user serviceable parts inside the 2050 GPS sensor. Undoing the four screws, which
secure the front end plate, and the four securing the rear end plate will void the equipment warranty.
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2050 User Guide
Communication Ports
Connect the LEMO 7-Pin end of the serial cable (C&C P/N 4250003-6) to COM 2 (factory
default control port) connector of the 2050. Connect the DB9S end to your controlling
device.
Note - that some devices may require an additional adaptor.
Use of the Dual Data Interface cable (C&C P/N 4250004-0) to COM 1 LEMO 7-Pin
connector allows the input of external Radio/IALA correction data messages plus the output
of 2050 position data messages to your system interface at one and the same time.
Figure 8: Communication Port Connections
Note – By factory default COM 2 is designated as the control port for the 2050. COM 1 can be designated as
the control port by using the appropriate NCT proprietary commands. Although some output data types cannot
output on the controlling port – see your controller solution manual for further information.
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2050 User Guide
GPS Antenna Connector
The connector used on the 2050 is a TNC female, labeled “GPS ANT” on the front panel of
the sensor as shown in Figure 2.
Note – The center pin of the TNC connector carries a voltage of 4.4 VDC (nominally), which is used to power
the preamplifier in the GPS antenna. When the GPS unit is powered on, the antenna cable should not be
disconnected.
The cable length between the 2050 and the Tri-Mode antenna should not exceed more than
10dB loss at 1.5GHz. Examples are:
Cable Type Maximum Length
RG58/U 13.7m (45ft)
LMR400 59.7m (196ft)
A Standard coaxial cable, C&C P/N 4250001-12, provides a 3.6m (12ft) length of RG58/U
cable with a right angle male TNC connector to a straight male TNC connector. This is
suitable for connecting the 2050 GPS sensor to the Tri-Mode antenna.
In-line L-Band RF amplifiers, C&C P/N 3250002-T, suitable for all GPS frequencies may be
used to increase the length of the antenna cable, but care should be exercised that tracking
performance is not degraded due to multiple connections, noise from the amplifier, and
possible ingress of moisture and dust.
Note – The antenna cable can degrade signal quality if incorrectly installed, or the cable loss exceeds
specifications. Care should be taken not to kink, stretch or damage the antenna cable. Do not place the cable
adjacent to cables carrying electrical power or radio frequencies.
Where the GPS antenna is exposed to sources of electromagnetic discharge such as lightning, an
in-line electrical surge suppressor should be considered between the GPS sensor and antenna.
Such installations should comply with local regulatory codes and practices.
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2050 User Guide
Chapter 4 Configuration
The 2050 GPS sensors have a rich interface and detailed control language, which allows each unit
to be tailored specifically to the required application.
Factory Default Settings
By factory default, COM 2 is designated as the Control Port. The Control Port manages the
full functionality of the 2050. COM 1, by factory default, is designated as the Data Port. By
factory default this port handles the non-NCT proprietary messages that are input and/or
output to/from the receiver.
By factory default, NMEA message GGA data is scheduled for output from COM 1 at 1Hz.
The baud rate at which COM 1 and COM 2 communicate is factory defaulted to 19.2k Baud.
This baud rate can be changed to accommodate faster data rates. Refer to Appendix D for
NMEA detailed information.
The standard factory configuration for the 2050 allows for the basic operation of the system.
The Control Port factory default for NCT Proprietary Message Blocks output is described in
Table 7. These message blocks afford the novice or seasoned GPS user the best
opportunity to get up and surveying in a minimal period of time.
Message Rate Description
On
44 Packed Almanac
Change
On
81 Packed Ephemeris
Change
On
86 Channel Status
Change
On
B0 Raw Measurement Data
Change
On
B1 PVT Block
Change
Table 7: Factory Setup Proprietary Messages COM 2
The output data rate for the factory default message blocks is described in Table 7 and will
remain at that rate until the user specifies otherwise by issuing the appropriate NCT
Proprietary command.
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2050 User Guide
• 44 Packed Almanac: This message provides data corresponding to each satellite in the GPS
constellation. This information includes GPS Week number of almanac collected, GPS Time of
week [in seconds] that almanac was collected, almanac reference week, almanac reference
time, almanac source, almanac health, pages 1-25, and subframes 4 & 5.
• 81 Packed Ephemeris: This message provides information as it relates to individual satellites

tracked. This information includes GPS Week number of ephemeris collected, GPS Time of
week [in seconds] that ephemeris was collected, IODC, and Sub-frame 1, 2, & 3 data.
• 86 Channel Status: Provides receiver channel status information and contains the GPS week,
GPS Time of Week, NCT-2000D Engine status, solution status, number of satellites being
tracked and the number and identity of satellites used in solution, PDOP and the satellite PRN.
• B0 Raw Measurement Data: Raw Measurement Data Block that contains the GPS Week, GPS
Time of Week, Time Slew Indicator and Status. Information included is Channel Status, CA
Pseudorange, L1 Phase, P1-CA Pseudorange, P2-CA Pseudorange, and L1 Phase. This data
stream is repeated for any additional satellite.
• B1 PVT: Provides GPS Week number, satellites used, latitude, longitude, navigation mode, and
DOP information.
Note – The term “On Change” indicates that the 2050 will output the specified message only when the
information in the message changes and can be dependant on the Navigation Solution Data Rate in use.
Thus in some cases, there may be an epoch without a message block output.
Advanced Configuration Settings
If a third party Controller Solution was provided with your 2050 GPS sensor, please refer to
that system or unit’s manual/user guide.
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2050 User Guide
Chapter 5 Safety Instructions
The 2050 GPS sensor is designed for precise navigation and positioning using the Global
Positioning System. Users must be familiar with the use of portable GPS equipment, the limitations
thereof and these safety instructions prior to use of the equipment.
FCC Notice
This device complies with Part 15 of the FCC Rules. Operation is subject to the following
two conditions:
(1) this device may not cause harmful interference, and (2) this device must accept any
interference received, including interference that may cause undesired operation.
Transport
The 2050 equipment should always be carried in its case. The case must be secured whilst
in transit to minimize shock and vibration.
All original packaging should be used when transporting via rail, ship or air.
Maintenance
The 2050 equipment can be cleaned using a new lint free cloth that may be moistened with
pure alcohol.
Connectors must be inspected and if necessary cleaned before use. Always use the
provided connector protective caps to minimize moisture and dirt ingress.
Cables should be regularly inspected for kinks and cuts as these may cause interference
and equipment failure.
Damp equipment must be dried at a temperature less than +40°C (104°F), but greater than
5°C (41°F) at the earliest opportunity.
External Power Source
The 2050 is supplied with an external power cable (C&C P/N 4250005-10). This must be
connected to the chosen external power solution in accordance with Chapter 2
Interfacing\Electrical Power. It is important that the external power source allow sufficient
current draw for proper operation. Insufficient supplied current will case damage to your
external power source.
If your chosen external power source is a disposable battery, please dispose of the battery
in accordance with your local regulations.
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2050 User Guide
Safety First
The owner of this equipment must ensure that all users are properly trained prior to using
the equipment and are aware of the potential hazards and how to avoid them.
Other manufacturer’s equipment must be used in accordance with the safety instructions
issued by the manufacturer. This includes other manufacturers equipment that may be
attached to any 2050 equipment or systems.
The equipment should always be used in accordance with local regulatory practices for
safety and health at work.
There are no user serviceable parts inside the 2050 GPS sensor. Accessing the inside of
the equipment will void the equipment warranty.
Care should be taken to ensure that the 2050 does not come into contact with electrical
power installations, the unit is securely fastened and there is protection against
electromagnetic discharge in accordance with local regulations.
The GPS sensor has been tested in accordance with FCC regulations for electromagnetic
interference. This does not guarantee non-interference with other equipment. Additionally,
the GPS sensor may be adversely affected by nearby sources of electromagnetic radiation.
The Global Positioning System is under the control of the United States Air Force. Operation
of the GPS satellites may be changed at any time and without warning.
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2050 User Guide
Appendix A: GPS Sensor Technical Specifications
The technical specifications of this unit are detailed below and is constantly improving, and
updating by our technology improvement process and engineering effort.
2050G and 2050M
These GPS sensors are fitted with an internal Lithium coin cell used to maintain GPS time when
power is removed from the unit. This allows faster satellite acquisition upon unit power up. The cell
has been designed to meet over 10 years of service life before requiring replacement at an
approved maintenance facility.
Features
• “All-in-view” tracking
• Global decimeter-level accuracy using StarFire™ corrections
• Fully automatic acquisition of satellite broadcast corrections
• Rugged and lightweight package for mobile applications
• Accepts external DGPS input in RTCM v2.2 or CMR format
• L1 & L2 full wavelength carrier tracking
• C/A, P1 & P2 code tracking
• User programmable output rates:
• Minimal data latency
• 2 separate WAAS/EGNOS channels
• Superior interference suppression
• Patented multipath rejection
• Supports NMEA 0183 v3.1 messages
• Self-survey mode (position averaging)
• CAN bus interface (2050M Only)
• 1PPS Output (2050M Only)
• Event Marker (2050M Only)
Physical and Environmental
• Size (L x W x H): < 8.18” x 5.67” x 3.06”

• Weight: <4 lbs (1.81 kg)
• External Power:
Input Voltage: 10 VDC to 30 VDC
Power Consumption: <10 W
• Connectors:
I/O Ports: 2 x 7 pin Lemo
DC Power: 4 pin Lemo
RF Connector: TNC (with 5 VDC bias for internal/LNA)
• Temperature (ambient):
Operating: -40º C to +55º C
Storage: -40º C to +85º C
• Humidity: 95% non-condensing
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2050 User Guide
Measurement Performance
• Real-time StarFire dGPS Accuracy:

Position (H): <15 cm
Position (V): <30 cm
Velocity: 0.01 m/s
• Pseudo-range Measurement Precision (RMS):

Raw C/A code : 20cm @ 42 dB-Hz
Raw carrier phase noise: L1: 0.95 mm @ 42 dB-Hz
L2: 0.85 mm @ 42 dB-Hz
• User programmable output rates:
PVT: <1Hz, 2Hz, 5Hz Standard
(10Hz, & 25Hz Optional)
Raw data: <1Hz, 2Hz, 5Hz Standard

(10Hz, 25Hz, & 50Hz Optional)
• Data Latency:
PVT: < 20 ms at all nav rates
Raw data: < 20 ms at all rates
• Time-to-first-fix:
Cold Start
Satellite Acquisition: < 60seconds (typical)
Satellite Reacquisition: < 1 second
• Dynamics:
Acceleration: up to 6g
Speed: < 300 m/s*
Altitude: < 60,000 ft*
• 1PPS Accuracy: (2050M Only) 12.5ns

(Relative; User Configurable)
*Restricted by export laws
To comply with Marine Equipment Directive (MED) Type Approval (Wheelmark).
Input Voltage: 12 VDC.

Compass Safe Distance: 150 mm for standard and steering magnetic compass.
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2050 User Guide
Connector Assignments
•Data Interfaces: 2 serial ports; from 1200 bps to 115.2 kbps
CAN Bus I/F (2050M Only) Lemo

Event Marker I/P (2050M Only) Lemo
1PPS (2050M Only) BNC
Input/Output Data Messages
• NCT Proprietary Data: PVT

Raw Measurement
Satellite Messages
Nav Quality
Receiver Commands
• NMEA Messages (Output Only): ALM

GBS
GGA
GLL
GSA
GST
GSV
RMC
VTG
ZDA
• Corrections: RTK (NCT, RTCM, CMR)

StarFire
Satellite Based Augmentation Systems
DGPS (RTCM Type 1 or 9)
LED Display Functions (Default)
• Link StarFire Signal Strength (Default)
• Base Station N/A in 2050 ROVER
• GPS Position Quality
Satellite Based Augmentation System Signals
• WAAS/EGNOS/MSAS etc…
• StarFire
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2050 User Guide
Appendix B:GPS Antenna Technical Specifications
The standard antenna supplied with the 2050 GPS sensor is capable of Tri-Frequency reception.
L1+L, L2 GPS Antenna
1525-1585 MHz GPS L1 plus Inmarsat L-Band
1217-1237 MHz GPS L2
Polarization Right Hand Circular (RHCP)
Finish Fluid resistant Ultem, UV stable
Cable Connector TNC Female
Pre–Amplifier 39dB gain (+/-2)

Input Voltage 4.2 to 15.0 VDC
Impedance 50 Ohms
VSWR ≤ 2.0:1
Band Rejection 20 dB @ 250MHz
Power Handling 1 Watt
Operating Temp -55°C to +85°C
Altitude 70,000’
Note – An optional aircraft mount antenna, also rated to 70, 000 feet is also available
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2050 User Guide
Designed to DO-160D Standard
Figure 9: Tri-Mode Antenna Dimensions
Note – In order to achieve the greatest level of accuracy, the absolute phase center values must be
incorporated into your processing.
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2050 User Guide
Appendix C:Global corrected GPS (GcGPS)
Description
The StarFire™ Network is a Global system for the distribution of GPS corrections giving the
user the ability to measure his position anywhere in the world with exceptional reliability and
unprecedented decimeter accuracy. Because the Wide Area Differential GPS corrections
are broadcast via Inmarsat geo-stationary communication satellites, the user needs no local
reference stations or post-processing to get this exceptional accuracy.
Furthermore, the same accuracy is available virtually any where on the earth's surface on
land or sea from 75°N to 75°S latitude due to the worldwide coverage of the geo-stationary
communication satellites.
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2050 User Guide
Infrastructure
The system utilizes the GPS satellite system, L-Band communication satellites, and a
worldwide network of reference stations to deliver real-time high precision positioning.
To provide this unique service, a global network of dual-frequency reference stations, which
constantly receive signals from the GPS satellites as they orbit the earth are in operation.
Data from these reference stations is fed to two Network Processing Hubs / Centers located
in Torrance, California and Moline, Illinois where they are processed to generate the
differential corrections.
From the two Network Processing Hubs / Centers, the correction data is fed via redundant
and independent communication links to satellite uplink stations at Laurentides in Canada,
Goonhilly in England and Auckland in New Zealand for uplink to the geo-stationary
The key to the accuracy and convenience of the StarFire system is the source of GPS
corrections. GPS satellites transmit navigation data on two L-Band frequencies. The
reference stations are all equipped with geodetic-quality, dual-frequency receivers. These
reference receivers decode GPS signals and send precise high quality dual-frequency
pseudorange and carrier phase measurements back to the Network Processing Hubs /
Centers together with the data messages, which all GPS satellites broadcast.
At the Network Processing Hubs / Centers, NavCom's proprietary differential processing

techniques used to generate real time precise orbits and clock correction data for each
satellite in the GPS constellation. This proprietary Wide Area DGPS (WADGPS) algorithm is
optimized for a dual-frequency system in which dual-frequency ionospheric measurements
are available at both the reference receivers and the user receivers. It is the use of dual-
frequency receivers at both the reference stations and the user equipment together with the
advanced processing algorithms, which makes the exceptional accuracy of the system
possible.
Creating the corrections is just the first part. From our two Network Processing Hubs /
Centers, the differential corrections are then sent to the Land Earth Station (LES) for uplink
to L-Band communications satellites. The uplink sites for the network are equipped with
NavCom-built modulation equipment, which interfaces to the satellite system transmitter and
uplinks the correction data stream to the satellite that broadcasts it over the coverage area.
Each L-Band satellite covers more than a third of the earth.
Users equipped with a C-Nav precision GPS receiver actually have two receivers in a single
package, a GPS receiver and an L-Band communications receiver, both designed by
NavCom for this system. The GPS receiver tracks all the satellites in view and makes
pseudorange measurements to the GPS satellites. Simultaneously, the L-Band receiver
receives the correction messages broadcast via the L-Band satellite. When the corrections
are applied to the GPS measurements, a position measurement of unprecedented real time
accuracy is produced.
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2050 User Guide
Reliability
The entire system meets or exceeds a target availability of 99.9%. To achieve this, every
part of the infrastructure has a built-in back-up system.
All the reference stations are built with duplicate receivers, processors and communication
interfaces, which switch automatically or in response to a remote control signal from the
Network Processing Hubs / Centers. The data links from the reference stations use the
Internet as the primary data link and are backed up by dedicated communications lines, but
in fact the network is sufficiently dense that the reference stations effectively act as back up
for each other. If one or several fail, the net effect on the correction accuracy is not
impaired.
There are two continuously running Network Processing Hubs / Centers, each receiving all
of the reference site inputs and each with redundant communications links to the uplink
Land Earth Stations (LES). The Land Earth Stations are equipped with two complete and
continuously operating sets of uplink equipment arbitrated by an automatic fail over switch.
Finally, a comprehensive team of support engineers maintains round the clock monitoring
and control of the system.
The network is a fully automated self-monitoring system. To ensure overall system integrity,
an independent integrity monitor receiver, similar to a standard C-Nav or StarFire user
receiver, is installed at every reference station to monitor service quality. Data from these
integrity monitors is sent to the two independent processing hubs in Torrance, California
and Moline, Illinois. Through these integrity monitors the network is continuously checked
for overall DGPS positioning accuracy, L-Band signal strength, data integrity and other
essential operational parameters.
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2050 User Guide
How to Access the C-Nav® / StarFire Service
StarFire is a subscription service. The user pays a subscription, which licenses the use of
the service for a predetermined period of time.
Subscriptions can be purchased for quarterly, biannual or annual periods and are available
via a NavCom authorized representative. Contact your supplier of the 2050 GPS equipment
that you are using.
An authorized subscription will provide an encrypted keyword, which is specific to the Serial
Number of the C-Nav or StarFire receiver L-Band Module (LBM) to be authorized. This is
entered into the receiver using the provided Controller Solution.
The only piece of equipment needed to use the system is a C-Nav or StarFire receiver.
There are a variety of receivers configured for different applications.
C-Nav or StarFire receivers include a dual-frequency GPS receiver and an L-Band

receiver integrated into a single unit to provide the exceptional precise positioning capability
of the Global Network, anywhere, anytime.
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2050 User Guide
TO: C&C Technologies Inc. FROM: C&C Job No.

ATT: C-Nav Division
730 East Kaliste Saloom
Lafayette, Louisiana, 70508, USA
FAX: +1 337 261-0192
TEL: +1 337 261-0660 TEL: FAX:
Email: cnav.support@cctechnol.com E-MAIL ADDRESS:
Please check items and fill out all information and dates for Requested Service
Vessel Name: Vessel Location: Vessel Number:
Company Name: PO/Reference No.: Contact Manager:
GPS Firmware Version

C-Nav 2050 GPS RECEIVER
Serial Number - 4 digits
C-Nav 2050 Lband Module (LBM) LBM Firmware Version
Serial Number - 3 digits
( see 0xD0 – Serial Number )
Month: Day: Year: Active
Current or Expired Activation Date:
( see 0xD1 or 0xD5 )
Expired
Cancelled
Required START and Start: Month/Day/Year Stop: Month/Day/Year Duration: No. Day (s)
STOP DATE or DURATION:
SERVICE TYPE: Land Only Global Offshore Accurate Position Other (specify)
(Select 1 of each group) Operations Operations Service (SF2)
PROJECT/SERVICE
DESCRIPTION:
REGION:
North & Central America Africa Australia, New Zealand and Western Pacific
South America Middle East and South East Asia Other
Northern Europe and Mediterranean / Black Sea Asia
Please Check One:
I / We are requesting a C-Nav 2050 18-Word Authorization Code FILE in accordance with above
pecifications:
I/ We are requesting a C-Nav 2050 18-Word Deactivation Code FILE in accordance with the Purchase/Lease
Agreement:
Signature: Print Name: Date:
By requesting C-Nav GPS System Subscription Service activation, the user agrees to abide by the terms and conditions for
the use and operation of the C-Nav GPS System and the GcGPS Subscription Service correction signals usage. C&C
Technologies will provide a NEW Activation Code FILE on receipt of this signed facsimile request and having completed
authorization and verification procedures, to the originator / requestor of this request form and also to the company
operations management / department responsible for the account invoice payments.
Notes:
Form 1: C-Nav 2050 GPS System Correction - Subscription Activation Form
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2050 User Guide
Appendix D: NMEA Data Output Message Formats

C-Nav[2050] GPS Receiver communicates via an RS232 serial interface and provides
National Marine Electronics Association (NMEA 0183) compatible, ASCII text sentence,
messages.
This appendix only describes the NMEA 0183 sentences that are provided by the C-
Nav[2050] GPS Receiver. For a complete guide to the NMEA standard and sentence
formats, see the National Marine Electronics Association 0183 Standard for Interfacing
Marine Electronics.
The NMEA 0183 Standard defines electrical signal requirements, data transmission
protocol, timing and specific sentence formats for up to 38.4K baud for a serial interface
data bus.
NMEA 0183 sentences are ASCII text information with each field (or parameter) separated
by a comma (i.e.: comma-delimited text format).
The following outlines the format of the NMEA sentence structure:
The basic format for an NMEA-0183 sentence (or message) is...
$[ADDRESS_FIELD][,DATA_FIELD][*CHECK_SUM][CRLF]
where the message elements are defined as...
All NMEA 0183 messages start with the ‘$’ (dollar) character
All field separators start with the ‘,’ (comma) character
The check-sum field starts with the ‘*’ (asterisk) character
The NMEA 0183 message is terminated by the CRLF character pair – 0xOD and
0xOA
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2050 User Guide
Address Field
An address field is the first field in a sentence and follows the "$" delimiter, it serves
to define the message. Characters within the address field are limited to digits and
upper case letters. The address field may not be a null field. Only sentences with the
following two types of address fields may be transmitted:
• Approved NMEA-0183 Address Fields

• Proprietary NMEA-0183 Address Fields
Approved NMEA address fields consists of five characters defined by

the NMEA-0183 standard. The first two characters are the TALKER
Identifier, examples of which are listed in the below:-
EC - Electronic Chart Display & Information System (ECDIS)

GL - GLONASS Receiver
GN - Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS)
GP - Global Positioning System (GPS) Receiver
HC - Heading Sensors, Compass, Magnetic
HE - Heading Sensors, Gyro, North Seeking
HN - Heading Sensors, Gyro, Non-north Seeking
II - Integrated Instrumentation
IN - Integrated Navigation
VM - Velocity Sensor, Speed Log, Water, Magnetic
VW - Velocity Sensor, Speed Log, Water, Mechanical
WI - Weather Instruments
ZA - Timekeepers, Time/Date, Atomic Clock
ZC - Timekeepers, Time/Date, Chronometer
ZQ - Timekeepers, Time/Date, Quartz
ZV - Timekeepers, Time/Date, Radio Update, WWV or WWVH
Note – This is not a complete list of all NMEA-0183 Talker Identifier Mnemonics.
The next three characters form the Sentence Formatter Identifier used to define the
format and the type of data to follow the address field.
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2050 User Guide
Data Field
Data fields contain data associated with the Sentence Identifier code. The format of
the Data Field is determined by the Sentence Identifier code format value which for
the C-Nav GPS Receiver and the CnC D.U. are as follows:-
[Address Field] [Data Field Information]

Talker Sentence
ID ID NMEA Sentence Description
GP ALM Global Positioning System Almanac Data
GP GBS Global Positioning System Satellite Fault Detection
GP GGA Global Positioning System Fix Data
GP GLL GPS Latitude and Longitude Data
GP GSA GPS Mode, Satellites used for navigation, and DOP Data
GP GST GPS Satellites Position Error Statistics (RAIM compliance)
GP GSV GPS Satellites Position and L1 signal tracking Data
GP RMC GPS Recommended Minimum Specific Data
GP VTG GPS Velocity, Track made good and Ground speed Data
GP ZDA GPS UTC Date & Time Data
PNCT SET C-Nav RTG Solid Earth Tide (SET) Adjustment Values
Table D. 1 C-Nav[2050] NMEA Sentences
The NMEA sentence data fields contain one or more fields; each separated, or
proceeded, by the comma character (,).
The checksum field is preceded by the asterisk character (*), and is the 8-bit
exclusive OR (no start or stop bits) of all characters in the sentence, including the
comma character (,) delimiters, between (but not including) the dollar character ($)
and asterisk character (*) delimiters.
The hexadecimal values, of the result, are converted to two ASCII characters (0-9, A-
F) for transmission. The most significant character is transmitted first.
Null fields are included in the format for the NMEA 0183 sentence format. These are
used when no data is available for a particular field in the sentence format. Null fields
are empty and defined to be immediately followed by the comma delimiter for the
next field in the sentence string format.
The inclusion of Null fields in the sentence format allows the fixed number of data
fields to be maintained, and that the sentence field delimiters (the commas) allow the
NMEA sentence interpretation routines and interfaces to properly function. If a Null
field is encountered, it is assumed that no data is available for the defined sentence
field.
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2050 User Guide
D.1 ALM NMEA Sentence
GPS Almanac Data
The ALM sentence provides GPS week number, satellite health and the complete almanac
data for one satellite. Multiple messages may be transmitted for each satellite.
Example:
$GPALM,32,1,01,1273,00,2A53,7B,1845,FD59,A10C1B,75D0A3,BB4C39,0FAD97,16C,000*4B
FIELD Description
1 Total Number of messages
2 Message Number
3 Satellite PRN Number – 01 thru 32
4 GPS Week Number
5 SV Health – bits 17 thru 24 of each almanac page (‘00’ = healthy)
6 Eccentricity - e
7 Almanac Reference Time – toa
8 Inclination Angle – (sigma)i
9 Rate of Right Ascension - OMEGADOT
10 Root of Semi-Major Axis - root(A)
11 Argument of Perigee - OMEGA
12 Longitude of Ascention Node – (OMEGA)0
13 Mean Anomaly – M0
14 Clock Parameter – af0
15 Clock Paramater – af1
Table D. 2 ALM Sentence Fields
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2050 User Guide
D.2 GBS NMEA Sentence
Global Positioning System Satellite Fault Detection
The GBS sentence contains the UTC time, Expected Position Error, the PRN ID of the
most likely error source, plus the probability and bias value (for the PRN).
Example:
$GPGBS,154846.00,-0.13,-0.08,-0.10,2,0.0000,0.26,1.22,0*45
or
$GPGBS,154854.00,,,,,,,,2*55
FIELD Description
1 UTC time of the GGA fix associated with this message sentence in
HHMMSS.ss format
2 Expected Error in Latitude in meters due to bias estimation
3 Expected Error in Longitude in meters due to bias estimation
4 Expected Error in Altitude in meters due to bias estimation
5 PRN ID number of the most likely failed satellite
6 Probability of missed detection for the most likely failed satellite
7 Estimate of bias in meters for the most likely failed satellite
8 Standard Deviation of bias estimate
9 Check Sum (hexadecimal representation) followed by CRLF
terminator pair
Table D.3 GBS Sentence Fields
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2050 User Guide
D.3 GGA NMEA Sentence
Global Positioning System Fix Data
The GGA sentence contains the UTC time, Position, and fix related data.
Example:
$GPGGA,124212.00,2948.245862,N,09533.528692,W,2,08,1.1,34.692,M,-25.924,M,9.0,0000*4D
FIELD Description
1 UTC time of position fix in HHMMSS.ss format
2 Latitude in DDMM.mmmmm format (5 decimal places)
3 Direction of Latitude
N = North
S = South
4 Longitude in DDMM.mmmmm format (5 decimal places)
5 Direction of Longitude
E = East
W = West
6 GPS Quality Indicator or Fix Mode:
0 = fix not valid
1 = GPS Autonomous Fix
2 = Differential or S.B.A.S. Corrected Fix
3 = PPS Mode Fix Valid
4 = RTK Mode – FIXED Integers
5 = RTK Mode – Floating Integers
6 = Estimated (dead reckoning) Mode
7 = Manual Input Mode
8 = Simulator Mode
7 Number of GPS Satellites (SVs) used in solution fix
8 Horizontal Dilution of Precision – HDOP
9 C-Nav GPS Receiver antenna altitude reference to Mean Sea Level
(MSL) – see Field 11 below
10 Altitude units – M indicates meters
11 WGS-84 Geoidal Separation distance from Mean Sea Level (MSL)
Based on the NIMA WGS84/EGM96 30-Minute - Earth Gravity Model
- document 'DMA TR8350.2' )
12 Geoidal Separation units – M indicates meters
13 Age of GcGPS corrections used in solution fix
14 C-Nav GPS Receiver Reference Identification – see Table D.5
terminator pair
Table D.4 GGA Sentence Fields
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2050 User Guide
The GGA sentence, Field 14 is used as the C-Nav GPS Receiver Reference
Identification correction source being used.
The format is a four digit integer number i.e.: xxyy
Where: xx is the Downlink L-Band Communication Satellite beam in use

yy is the GPS correction signal mode/type being used
ID StarFire L-Band ID GPS Correction Signal

(X) Downlink beam (YY)
0 None selected or error 00 Non DGPS
1 INMARSAT Americas 01 DGPS, RTCM type 1 or 9, Single Freq
2 INMARSAT EAME 02 WAAS/EGNOS, Single Freq.,
(See GSA for SBAS Id in use)
3 INMARSAT ASPAC 03 WAAS/EGNOS Dual Freq.,
(See GSA for SBAS ID in use)
4 - reserved - (Inmarsat AOR-E) 04 StarFire WCT, Single freq.
5 - reserved - (Inmarsat POR) 05 StarFire WCT, Dual freq.
6 - reserved - 06 StarFire RTG, single freq.
(no ‘Tide’ Adjustment)
7 - reserved - 07 - reserved -
8 - reserved - 08 - reserved -
9 Forced to unknown frequency 09 - reserved -
(ie; Manual selection)
10 DGPS, RTCM type 1 or 9, Dual Freq.
11 StarFire RTG dual freq. (no ‘Tide’ Adjustment)
12 Code base Nav, Single Frequency, NCT Format
- Proprietary (see I/F Control Document)
13 Code base Nav, Single Frequency, RTCM 18/19
14 Code base Nav, Single Frequency, RTCM 20/21
15 Code base Nav, Single Frequency, CMR
16 Code base Nav, Dual Frequency, NCT Format
17 Code base Nav, Dual Frequency, RTCM 18/19
18 Code base Nav, Dual Frequency, RTCM 20/21
19 Code base Nav, Dual Frequency, CMR
20 RTK Mode, NCT Format (5e/5c or 5b/5c)
21 RTK Mode, RTCM 18/19
22 RTK Mode, RTCM 20/21
23 RTK Mode, CMR
24 StarFire RTG, single freq., Adjusted for “Tides”
25 StarFire RTG, dual freq., Adjusted for “Tides”
26 RTG in RTK Backup mode
Table D.5 NCT Reference ID output
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2050 User Guide
D.4 GLL NMEA Sentence
GPS Latitude and Longitude Data
The GLL sentence specifies the position fix, time of position fix, and status.
Example:
$GPGLL,5047.597885,N,00102.168724,W,123619.00,V,N*68
FIELD Description
1 Latitude in DDMM.mmmmmm format (6 decimal places)
N = North
S = South
3 Longitude in DDMM.mmmmmm format (6 decimal places)
E = East
W = West
6 Position System Status :-
A = data vAlid
V = data inValid
7 Position Mode Indicator:-
A = Autonomous
D = Differential
E = Estimated (dead reckoning)
M = Manual
S = Simulator
N = Data not valid
terminator pair
Table D.6 GLL Sentence Fields
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2050 User Guide
D.5 GSA NMEA Sentence
GPS Mode, Satellites used for navigation, and DOP Data
The GSA sentence identifies the GPS position fix modes, the SV’s used for navigation,
and the DOP values for the position fix.
Example:
$GPGSA,A,3,04,05,07,09,10,17,24,30,,,,,2.5,1.1,2.2*38
FIELD Description
1 Operation Mode:
M = Manual, forced to operate in 2D or 3D
A = Automatic, allowed to automatically switch 3D/2D
2 GPS Fix Mode:
1 = fix not available
2 = 2D Fix
3 = 3D Fix
3 thru 14 ID’s of GPS Satellites used in position fix
(‘null’ used for unused fields)
Note: To avoid possible confusion by repetition of satellite ID numbers
when using multiple GNSS systems, the following convention has
been adopted:
a) NavStar GPS satellites are identified by their PRN numbers,
which range from 1 to 32
b) S.B.A.S. (WAAS/EGNOS etc…) has reserved numbers which
range from 33 to 64 to identify their PRN identification which
actually range from 120 to 138. Therefor an ‘offset’ from NMEA
S.B.A.S. SV ID to PRN number is 87. Thus an ENOS PRN
number of 120 minus 87 yields a NMEA SV ID of 33.
c) The numbers 65 to 96 are reserved for GLONNASS satellites.
GLONASS satellites are identified by 64+satellite slot number.
The slot numbers are 1 through 24 for the full GLONASS
constellation of 24 satellites, this gives a range of 65 through 88.
The number 89 to 96 are available if slot numbers above 24 are
allocated to on-orbit spares.
15 Position Dilution of Precision (PDOP) value
16 Horizontal Dilution of Precision (HDOP) value
17 Vertical Dilution of Precision (VDOP) value
terminator pair
Table D.7 GSA Sentence Fields
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2050 User Guide
D.6 GST NMEA Sentence
GPS Satellites Position Error Statistics (RAIM compliance)
The GST sentence is used to support Receiver Autonomous Integrity Monitoring

(RAIM). The data is determined from ‘statistical analysis’ of the residuals following the
C-Nav GPS Receiver computation of a position fix.
Example:
$GPGST,124214.0,0.0736,0.0879,0.0723,-07.3718,0.0877,0.0726,0.3067*4B
FIELD Description
1 UTC time of GGA position fix in HHMMSS.ss format
2 RMS value of the standard deviation of the corrected pseudorange
inputs to the navigation position process.
3 Standard deviation of the semi-major axis of error ellipse from the
navigation position process residuals analysis in meters.
4 Standard deviation of the semi-minor axis of error ellipse from the
navigation position process residuals analysis in meters.
5 Orientation of semi-major axis of error ellipse, in degrees of rotation
from True North
6 Standard Deviation of latitude error, in meters
7 Standard Deviation of longitude error, in meters
8 Standard Deviation of altitude error, in meters
terminator pair
Table D.8 GST Sentence Fields
The C-Nav[2050] GPS Receiver uses a conventional weighted least squares
algorithm for its position solution. The results of the weighted least squares solution
are reported directly to the external interfaces with no additional filtering or
smoothing. Each corrected pseudorange measurement is assigned a weight
proportional to the sine of the elevation angle of the associated GPS satellite. The
weights are normalized such that their mean is unity. The weighted least squares
solution fixes are achieved in a North, East, and Up local tangent plane coordinates
system (NEU). This facilitates altitude aiding (“2D mode’). The position fix results for
each epoch are kept internally as both latitude, longitude, ellipsoidal height and
ECEF x,y,z.
The byproduct of the NEU weighted least squares solution fix are the inverted least
squares solution matrix and the vector of post-fix residuals. Both of these play a key
role in the computation of the uncertainty estimates and horizontal error ellipse
parameters contained in the GST message.
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2050 User Guide
The error ellipse is centered on the least squares computed position and is defined
by the sigma max and sigma min. It bounds the 39.4% confidence region (ie; 1
sigma standard deviation – dual variate value).
The following diagram illustrates the Horizontal Error Ellipse values provided by the
C-Nav[2050] GPS Receiver in the NMEA GST message.
Note – This 1 sigma value can be approximated to an area of probability in which 95% of the horizontal
position measurements will lie by multiplying by 2.447.
References:
National Marine Electronics Association (NMEA 0183) Standard for Interfacing Marine Electronic Devices,
Version 2.1, October 15, 1995
UKOOA Guidelines For The Use of Differential GPS in Offshore Surveying, Appendix C, equation (1.25)
UKOOA Guidelines For The Use of Differential GPS in Offshore Surveying, Appendix C, equation (1.33)
UKOOA Guidelines For The Use of Differential GPS in Offshore Surveying, Appendix C, Section 5.
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2050 User Guide
D.7 RMC NMEA Sentence
GPS Recommended Minimum Specific Data
The RMC sentence identifies the UTC time, status, position, speed over ground (SOG),
course over ground (COG) UTC date, and magnetic variation of the position fix.
Example:
$GPRMC,124403.00,V,5047.597885,N,00102.168724,W,5.00,111.9,050405,0.0,E,N*03
FIELD Description
2 Position System Status :-
A = data vAlid
V = data inValid
3 Latitude in DDMM.mmmmmm format (6 decimal places)
N = North
S = South
5 Longitude in DDMM.mmmmmm format (6 decimal places)
E = East
W = West
7 Speed Over Ground (SOG) in nautical miles per hour (knots)
8 Course Over Ground (COG) in degrees from True North
9 UTC Date in DDMMYY format
10 Magnetic Variation in degrees
11 Direction of Magnetic Variation
E = Easterly variation from True North
W = Westerly variation from True North
A = Autonomous
D = Differential
M = Manual
S = Simulator
N = Data not valid
terminator pair
Table D.9 RMC Sentence Fields
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2050 User Guide
D.8 VTG NMEA Sentence
GPS Velocity, Track made good and Ground speed Data
The VTG sentence identifies the course over ground (COG) and the speed over ground
(SOG).
Example:
$GPVTG,026.6,T,,M,0.01,N,0.02,K,D*61
FIELD Description
1 Course over Ground (COG), in degrees from True North
2 Letter ‘T” to indicate course is relative to True North
3 Course over Ground (COG), in degrees from Magnetic North – ‘null’
value
4 Letter ‘M’ to indicate course is relative to Magnetic North
5 Speed over Ground (SOG) in nautical miles per hour (knots)
6 Letter ‘N’ to indicate that the speed over ground is in knots
7 Speed over Ground (SOG) in kilometers per hour (km/hr)
8 Letter ‘K’ to indicate that the speed over ground is in km/hr
A = Autonomous
D = Differential
M = Manual
S = Simulator
N = Data not valid
terminator pair
Table D.10 VTG Sentence Fields
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2050 User Guide
D.9 ZDA NMEA Sentence
GPS UTC Date & Time Data
The ZDA sentence identifies the UTC time, the UTC date, the local time zone number,
and the local time zone minutes.
Example:
$GPZDA,124215,02,06,2004,00,00*4B
FIELD Description
1 UTC time in HHMMSS.ss format
2 UTC Day
3 UTC Month
4 UTC Year
5 Local Time Zone Number (- for East Longitude)
6 Local Time Zone Minutes
terminator pair
Table D. 11 ZDA Sentence Fields
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2050 User Guide
D.10 SET ‘Proprietary’ NMEA Sentence
• Solid Earth Tide corrections

o If desired the RTG Global ‘ Precise Point Position’ can be adjusted for the effects of
solid earth tides. The C-Nav2050 system now models the effects of solid earth tides
and outputs a delta North, East and Up correction and, if enabled, automatically
corrects the positions output by the receiver to remove the effects of solid earth tides.
• In order to have the SET correction information applied to the position solution there are
several caveats that must be engaged.
o Navigation MUST be valid.
o SET Option is Enabled and are applied
o Navigation Mode is RTG Single or RTG Dual
o SET correctors are valid (minimum of 1 run of the SET algorithm)
Example:
$PNCTSET,161625.00,-0.008,0.003,-0.099,,,,,,*47
FIELD Description
1 UTC time in HHMMSS.ss format
2 SET delta North Adjustment in meters
3 SET delta East Adjustment in meters
4 SET delta Up Adjustment in meters
5 Polar Tide delta North Adjustment in meters
5 Polar Tide delta East Adjustment in meters
6 Polar Tide delta Up Adjustment in meters
7 Ocean Loading delta North Adjustment in meters
8 Ocean Loading delta East Adjustment in meters
5 Ocean Loading delta Up Adjustment in meters
terminator pair
Table D. 12 SET Sentence Fields
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2050 User Guide
Appendix E: StarFire L-Band Correction Signal Selection

The C-Nav[2050] GPS Receiver can obtain the C-Nav Global corrected GPS (GcGPS)
subscription service signals from three (3) separate and independent geo-stationary
While the Satellite Based Augmentation System (S.B.A.S.) from geo-stationary

communication satellites, and are selected by GPS L1 PRN ID.
The L-Band radio frequencies for the tracking and decoding of these GcGPS corrections by
the C-Nav[2050] GPS Receiver are as follows:-
Geo-stationary
L-Band Frequency
Name RTG WCT SBAS Position
1545.545 MHz YES YES NO
Americas 98 Deg West
LBM Channel: 41090
Far East 109 Deg East
LBM Channel: 41090
Europe/Africa 25 Deg East
LBM Channel: 41080
GPS L1 (PRN: 122) AOR-W NO NO WAAS 54 Deg West
GPS L1 (PRN: 134) POR NO NO WAAS 178 Deg East
GPS L1 (PRN: 120) AOR-E NO NO EGNOS 15.5 Deg West
GPS L1 (PRN: 124) ARTEMIS NO NO EGNOS 21.5 Deg East
GPS L1 (PRN: 126) Europe/Africa NO NO EGNOS 25 Deg East
GPS L1 (PRN: 131) IOR NO NO EGNOS 65.5 Deg East
GPS L1 (PRN: tbd) MTSAT-1 NO NO MSAS 140 Deg East t
Table E.1 StarFireL-Band Correction Signal Frequencies and Modes
Note –See the Satellite Calculator HTML utility ( http://www.cctechnol.com/cnav )
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Appendix F: How to Log RAW GPS ‘binary’ data

C-Nav RAW GPS 'binary' data can easily be recorded using the STARUTIL application on
the windows computer that is connected to the 'CONTROL PORT' of the C-Nav[2050] unit.
How to record RAW GPS 'binary' data from the C-Nav[2050] using a MS-Windows computer
system:-
1) Start STARUTIL (Ver: 2.6 or higher) and open the PC Communications port to receive
the RAW GPS 'binary' data from the ‘Control Port’ (Com2) of the 2050 unit.
2) Ensure that the following NCT 'binary' messages (minimum) are enabled for output from
the Control Port (On Change):-
0x44 - Almanac
0x81 - Ephemeris
0x86 - Channel Status
0xA0 - Alerts
0xB0 - Raw Measurements
0xB1 - Solution
0xB2 - Satellite Selection
0xE1 - Failure Details
and
0x5F \
0x60 -> LBM DSP Status <- from the LBM menu
0xD3 /
3) Start recording, with the STARUTIL application, the RAW 'binary' data to a log file and
directory and enable the logging SCHEDULE. Use a logging file name of
'<serialnumber>.dat'
4) When running the STARUTIL program continually in this scheduled logging mode then
every day a new data file will be created in the selected logging directory 'folder'.
5) Every few days you can 'purge' any old unwanted data logging files to save disk space.
The RAW 'binary' data will be recorded in 24hour data files that can be saved to a CDROM
(or WINZIP'd and place on the C-Nav FTP site) and sent to us for analysis. Collecting these
data files will allow us to analyze and see exactly what the performance of the C-Nav[2050]
GPS system.
Note: See the C-Nav FAQ for instructions on how to upload data to the C-Nav FTP site at
http://www.cctechnol.com/cnav_faq.php .
How do I send recorded data files to C-Nav Support for help and analysis?
2002-09-04 - RAW GPS 'binary' data files (recorded using STARUTIL) or C-Nav NMEA
ASCII data files (with ALL C-Nav NMEA messages enabled) can be sent to C-Nav Support to
help resolve . . .
F-55
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Enter a ‘filename’
using the actual
C-Nav[2050]
Serial Number with
an extension of .dat
F-57
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2050 User Guide
This ‘correction age’ is setup

for C-Nav RTG corrections.
Set to a lower value if using

‘External’ RTCM dGPS
correction input mode.
F -60
2050 User Guide
Select the NMEA data output

baud rate required for your
Nav or DP system.
This is the Com1 (auxiliary)
RS-232 connection on the front
of the C-Nav[2050] unit.
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2050 User Guide
Connect to MS-Windows External

Connect to Nav
computer running the 3rd party
or DP system
STARUTIL application. correction
for NMEA Data
( Port B ) or the Message Output. input
C-NaviGator Controller options
( Port A )
optional equipment device (RTCM or
RTK).
F -62
2050 User Guide
Glossary
.yym files see meteorological files (where yy = two digit year data was collected).
.yyn files see navigation files (where yy = two digit year data was collected).
.yyo files see observation files (where yy = two digit year data was collected).
almanac files an almanac file contains orbit information, clock corrections, and atmospheric delay
parameters for all satellites tracked. It is transmitted to a receiver from a satellite and is used by
mission planning software.
alt see altitude.
altitude vertical distance above the ellipsoid or geoid. It is always stored as height above ellipsoid in
the GPS receiver but can be displayed as height above ellipsoid (HAE) or height above mean sea
level (MSL).
antenna phase center (APC) The point in an antenna where the GPS signal from the satellites is
received. The height above ground of the APC must be measured accurately to ensure accurate
GPS readings. The APC height can be calculated by adding the height to an easily measured point,
such as the base of the antenna mount, to the known distance between this point and the APC.
APC see antenna phase center or phase center.
Autonomous positioning (GPS) a mode of operation in which a GPS receiver computes position
fixes in real time from satellite data alone, without reference to data supplied by a reference station
or orbital clock corrections. Autonomous positioning is typically the least precise positioning
procedure a GPS receiver can perform, yielding position fixes that are precise to 100 meters with
Selective Availability on, and 30 meters with S/A off.
azimuth the azimuth of a line is its direction as given by the angle between the meridian and the line
measured in a clockwise direction from the north branch of the meridian.
base station see reference station.
baud rate (bits per second) the number of bits sent or received each second. For example, a baud
rate of 9600 means there is a data flow of 9600 bits each second. One character roughly equals 10
bits.
bits per second see baud rate
bps see baud rate
BSW (British Standard Whitworth) a type of coarse screw thread. A 5/8” diameter BSW is the
standard mount for survey instruments.
C/A code see Coarse Acquisition code.
CAN BUS a balanced (differential) 2-wire interface that uses an asynchronous transmission
scheme. Often used for communications in vehicular applications.
channel a channel of a GPS receiver consists of the circuitry necessary to receive the signal for a
single GPS satellite.
Glossary-63
2050 User Guide
civilian code see Coarse Acquisition code.
Coarse Acquisition code (C/A or Civilian code)
the pseudo-random code generated by GPS satellites. It is intended for civilian use and the
accuracy of readings using this code can be degraded if selective availability (S/A) is introduced by
the US Department of Defense.
COM# shortened form of the word Communications. Indicated a data communications port to/from
the GPS sensor to a controller or data collection device.
controller a device consisting of hardware and software used to communicate and manipulate the
I/O functions of the GPS sensor.
Compact Measurement Record (CMR) a standard format for DGPS corrections used to transmit
corrections from a reference station to rover sensors.
data files files that contain Proprietary, GPS, NMEA, RTCM or any type of data logged from a GPS
receiver.
DB9P a type of electrical connector containing 9 contacts. The P indicates a plug pin (male).
DB9S a type of electrical connector containing 9 contacts. The S indicates a slot pin (female).
DGPS see Differential GPS.
Differential GPS (DGPS) a positioning procedure that uses two receivers, a rover at an unknown
location and a reference station at a known, fixed location. The reference station computes
corrections based on the actual and observed ranges to the satellites being tracked. The
coordinates of the unknown location can be computed with sub-meter level precision by applying
these corrections to the satellite data received by the rover.
Dilution of Precision (DOP) a class of measures of the magnitude of error in GPS position fixes
due to the orientation of the GPS satellites with respect to the GPS receiver. There are several
DOPs to measure different components of the error. Note: this is a unit less value. see also PDOP.
DOP see Dilution of Precision.
dual-frequency a type of GPS receiver that uses both L1 and L2 signals from GPS satellites. A
dual-frequency receiver can compute more precise position fixes over longer distances and under
more adverse conditions because it compensates for ionospheric delays. The 2050 is a dual
frequency receiver.
dynamic mode when a GPS receiver operates in dynamic mode, it assumes that it is in motion and
certain algorithms for GPS position fixing are enabled in order to calculate a tighter position fix.
EGNOS (European Geostationary Navigation Overlay Service) a European satellite system used
to augment the two military satellite navigation systems now operating, the US GPS and Russian
GLONASS systems.
elevation distance above or below Local Vertical Datum.
elevation mask the lowest elevation, in degrees, at which a receiver can track a satellite. Measured
from the horizon to zenith, 0º to 90º.
Glossary-64
2050 User Guide
ellipsoid a mathematical figure approximating the earth’s surface, generated by rotating an ellipse
on its minor axis. GPS positions are computed relative to the WGS-84 ellipsoid. An ellipsoid has a
smooth surface, which does not match the earth’s geoidal surface closely, so GPS altitude
measurements can contain a large vertical error component. Conventionally surveyed positions
usually reference a geoid, which has an undulating surface and approximates the earth’s surface
more closely to minimize altitude errors.
epoch literally a period of time. This period of time is defined by the length of the said period.
geoid the gravity-equipotential surface that best approximates mean sea level over the entire
surface of the earth. The surface of a geoid is too irregular to use for GPS readings, which are
measured relative to an ellipsoid. Conventionally surveyed positions reference a geoid. More
accurate GPS readings can be obtained by calculating the distance between the geoid and ellipsoid
at each position and subtracting this from the GPS altitude measurement.
GIS (Geographical Information Systems) a computer system capable of assembling, storing,

manipulating, updating, analyzing and displaying geographically referenced information, i.e. data
identified according to their locations. GIS technology can be used for scientific investigations,
resource management, and development planning. GIS software is used to display, edit, query and
analyze all the graphical objects and their associated information.
Global Positioning System (GPS) geometrically, there can only be one point in space, which is the
correct distance from each of four known points. GPS measures the distance from a point to at least
four satellites from a constellation of 24 NAVSTAR satellites orbiting the earth at a very high altitude.
These distances are used to calculate the point’s position.
GMT see Greenwich Mean Time
GPS see Global Positioning System.
GPS time a measure of time. GPS time is based on UTC, but does not add periodic ‘leap seconds’
to correct for changes in the earth’s period of rotation. As of September 2002 GPS time is 13
seconds ahead of UTC.
Greenwich Mean Time (GMT) the local time of the 0° meridian passing through Greenwich,
England.
HAE see altitude, and ellipsoid.
JPL Jet Propulsion Laboratory
Kbps kilobits per second
L-Band the group of radio frequencies extending from approximately 400 MHz to approximately
1600 MHz. The GPS carrier frequencies L1 (1575.4 MHz) and L2 (1227.6 MHz) are in the L-Band
range.
L1 carrier frequency the primary L-Band carrier used by GPS satellites to transmit satellite data.
The frequency is 1575.42MHz. It is modulated by C/A code, P-code or Y-code, and a 50 bit/second
navigation message.
L2 carrier frequency the secondary L-Band carrier used by GPS satellites to transmit satellite data.
The frequency is 1227.6MHz. It is modulated by P-code or Y-code, and a 50 bit/second navigation
message.
Glossary-65
2050 User Guide
lat see latitude.
latitude (lat) the north/south component of the coordinate of a point on the surface on the earth;
expressed in angular measurement from the plane of the equator to a line from the center of the
earth to the point of interest. Often abbreviated as Lat.
LED acronym for Light Emitting Diode
LEMO a type of connector.
LES Land Earth Station the point on the earth’s surface where data is up linked to a satellite.
logging interval the frequency at which positions generated by the receiver are logged to data files
long see longitude.
longitude (long) the east/west component of the coordinate of a point on the surface of the earth;
expressed as an angular measurement from the plane that passes through the earth’s axis of
rotation and the 0° meridian and the plane that passes through the axis of rotation and the point of
interest. Often abbreviated as Long.
Mean Sea Level (MSL) a vertical surface that represents sea level.
meridian one of the lines joining the north and south poles at right angles to the equator, designated
by degrees of longitude, from 0° at Greenwich to 180°.
meteorological (.YYm) files one of the three file types that make up the RINEX file format. Where
YY indicates the last two digits of the year the data was collected. A meteorological file contains
atmospheric information.
MSL see Mean sea level
multipath error a positioning error resulting from interference between radio waves that has
traveled between the transmitter and the receiver by two paths of different electrical lengths.
navigation (.YYn) files one of the three file types that make up the RINEX file format. Where YY
indicates the last two digits of the year the data was collected. A navigation file contains satellite
position and time information.
observation (.YYo) files one of the three file types that make up the RINEX file format. Where YY
indicates the last two digits of the year the data was collected. An observation file contains raw GPS
position information.
C&C P/N Part Number
P-code the extremely long pseudo-random code generated by a GPS satellite. It is intended for use
only by the U.S. military, so it can be encrypted to Y-code deny unauthorized users access.
parity a method of detecting communication errors by adding an extra parity bit to a group of bits.
The parity bit can be a 0 or 1 value so that every byte will add up to an odd or even number
(depending on whether odd or even parity is chosen).
PDA Personal Digital Assistant
PDOP see Position Dilution of Precision.
Glossary-66
2050 User Guide
PDOP mask the highest PDOP value at which a receiver computes positions.
phase center the point in an antenna where the GPS signal from the satellites is received. The
height above ground of the phase center must be measured accurately to ensure accurate GPS
readings. The phase center height can be calculated by adding the height to an easily measured
point, such as the base of the antenna mount, to the known distance between this point and the
phase center.
Position the latitude, longitude, and altitude of a point. An estimate of error is often associated with
a position.
Position Dilution of Precision (PDOP) a measure of the magnitude of Dilution of Position (DOP)
errors in the x, y, and z coordinates.
Post-processing a method of differential data correction, which compares data logged from a
known reference point to data logged by a roving receiver over the same period of time. Variations in
the position reported by the reference station can be used to correct the positions logged by the
roving receiver. Post-processing is performed after you have collected the data and returned to the
office, rather than in real time as you log the data, so it can use complex, calculations to achieve
greater accuracy.
Precise code see P-code.
PRN (Uppercase) typically indicates a GPS satellite number sequence from 1 – 32.
prn (Lower Case) see Pseudorandom Noise.
Protected code see P-code.
Proprietary commands those messages sent to and received from GPS equipment produced by
NavCom Technology, Inc. own copyrighted binary language.
pseudo-random noise (prn) a sequence of data that appears to be randomly distributed but can be
exactly reproduced. Each GPS satellite transmits a unique PRN in its signals. GPS receivers use
PRNs to identify and lock onto satellites and to compute their pseudoranges.
Pseudorange the apparent distance from the reference station’s antenna to a satellite, calculated by
multiplying the time the signal takes to reach the antenna by the speed of light (radio waves travel at
the speed of light). The actual distance, or range, is not exactly the same because various factors
cause errors in the measurement.
PVT GPS information depicting Position, Velocity, Time in the NCT proprietary message format.
Radio Technical Commission for Maritime Services - see RTCM.
range the distance between a satellite and a GPS receiver’s antenna. The range is approximately
equal to the pseudorange. However, errors can be introduced by atmospheric conditions which slow
down the radio waves, clock errors, irregularities in the satellite’s orbit, and other factors. A GPS
receiver’s location can be determined if you know the ranges from the receiver to at least four GPS
satellites. Geometrically, there can only be one point in space, which is the correct distance from
each of four known points.
Glossary-67
2050 User Guide
RCP a NavCom Technology, Inc. proprietary processing technique in which carrier phase
measurements, free of Ionospheric and Troposphere effects are used for navigation.
Real-Time Kinematic (RTK) a GPS system that yields very accurate 3D position fixes immediately
in real-time. The base station transmits its GPS position to roving receivers as the receiver
generates them, and the roving receivers use the base station readings to differentially correct their
own positions. Accuracies of a few centimeters in all three dimensions are possible. RTK requires
dual frequency GPS receivers and high speed radio modems.
reference station a reference station collects GPS data for a fixed, known location. Some of the
errors in the GPS positions for this location can be applied to positions recorded at the same time by
roving receivers which are relatively close to the reference station. A reference station is used to
improve the quality and accuracy of GPS data collected by roving receivers.
RHCP Right Hand Circular Polarization used to discriminate satellite signals. GPS signals are
RHCP.
RINEX (Receiver Independent Exchange) is a file set of standard definitions and formats designed
to be receiver or software manufacturer independent and to promote the free exchange of GPS
data. The RINEX file format consists of separate files, the three most commonly used are: the
observation (.YYo) file, the navigation (.YYn) file, and the meteorological (.YYm) files; where YY
indicates the last two digits of the year the data was collected.
rover any mobile GPS receiver and field computer collecting data in the field. A roving receiver’s
position can be differentially corrected relative to a stationary reference GPS receiver or by using
GPS orbit and clock corrections from a SBAS such as StarFire.
roving receiver see rover.
RTCM - (Radio Technical Commission for Maritime Services) a standard format for Differential GPS
corrections used to transmit corrections from a base station to rovers. RTCM allows both real-time
kinematic (RTK) data collection and post-processed differential data collection. RTCM SC-104
(RTCM Special Committee 104) is the most commonly used version of RTCM message.
RTK see Real-time kinematic.
RTG Real Time GIPSY, a processing technique developed by NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory to
provide a single set of real time global corrections for the GPS satellites.
S/A see Selective availability.
SBAS (Satellite Based Augmentation System) this is a more general term, which encompasses
WAAS, StarFire and EGNOS type corrections.
Selective Availability (S/A) deliberate degradation of the GPS signal by encrypting the P-code.
When the US Department of Defense uses S/A, the signal contains errors, which can cause
positions to be inaccurate by as much as 100 meters.
Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) a measure of a satellite’s signal strength.
single-frequency a type of receiver that only uses the L1 GPS signal. There is no compensation
for ionospheric effects.
SNR see signal-to-noise Ratio.
Glossary-68
2050 User Guide
StarFire a set of real-time global orbit and clock corrections for GPS satellites. StarFire equipped
receivers are capable of real-time decimeter positioning (see Appendix B).
Spread Spectrum Radio (SSR) a radio that uses wide band, noise like (pseudo-noise) signals that
are hard to detect, intercept, jam, or demodulate making any data transmitted secure. Because
spread spectrum signals are so wide, they can be transmitted at much lower spectral power density
(Watts per Hertz), than narrow band transmitters.
SV (Space Vehicle) a GPS satellite.
Universal Time Coordinated (UTC) a time standard maintained by the US Naval Observatory,
based on local solar mean time at the Greenwich meridian. GPS time is based on UTC.
UTC see Universal time coordinated.
WAAS (Wide Area Augmentation System) a set of corrections for the GPS satellites, which are
valid for the Americas region. They incorporate satellite orbit and clock corrections.
WADGPS (Wide Area Differential GPS) a set of corrections for the GPS satellites, which are valid
for a wide geographic area.
WGS-84 (World Geodetic System 1984) the current standard datum for global positioning and
surveying. The WGS-84 is based on the GRS-80 ellipsoid.
Y-code the name given to encrypted P-code when the U.S. Department of Defense uses selective
availability.
Glossary-69

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C -N a v ® 2 0 5 0

Ver: 1.2 Oct, 2006

2050 GPS Products User Guide C&C P/N 5250001

 2006 by C&C Technologies, Inc. and NavCom Technology, Inc.

C-Nav® is a registered product of C&C Technologies, Inc. (C-Nav GPS Division)

NAVCOM / C&C. SHALL NOT BE RESPONSIBLE FOR ANY INACCURACIES, ERRORS, OR

THIS PROVISION IS EXPRESSLY ACCEPTED BY THE BUYER IN LIEU OF ANY OR ALL

See service agreement for specific warranty information.

The U.S. Department of Commerce Limits

Use of this Document

Note indicates additional information to make better use of the product

a Indicates a caution, care, and/or safety situation

Warning indicates potentially harmful situations

Phone: (+1) 337-261-0660 USA (24/7 support)

To expedite the support process, please have following information available:

Use one of the following methods to send the data file:

Integrated GPS and Inmarsat Band Antenna

2050 GPS Sensor either (2050G C&C P/N 025G001-0)

or (2050M C&C P/N 025M001-0)

Compact L1/L2 Tri-Mode GPS Antenna (C&C P/N 8250001-0)

12 ft GPS Antenna Cable (C&C P/N 4250001-12)

LEMO 4-Pin External Power Cable (C&C P/N 4250005-10)

LEMO 7 Pin to DB9S Data Communications Cable (C&C P/N 4250003-6)

Dual Data Interface Cable [Not Shown] (C&C P/N 4250004-0)

Ruggedized Travel Case {Not Shown} (C&C P/N 3250004-0)

Figure 1: 2050 Supplied Equipment

Land Survey / GIS

Railway, Ship and Aircraft Precise Location

The 2050 GPS sensor has many unique features:

C-Nav StarFire [Subscription Required]

GPS L1 and L2 raw data is 1 to 5 Hz in the standard configuration, and as an optional

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3 Power Input 10 to 30 VDC

4 Power Input 10 to 30 VDC

Table 1: External Power Cable Pin-Out

0.87 Amps at 12VDC (10.4 Watts)

LEMO Signal Nomenclature DB9S

1 CTS Clear To Send 8

4 DTR Data Terminal Ready 4

5 RTN Return [Ground] 5

6 DSR Data Set Ready 6

7 RTS Request To Send 7

Table 2: Serial Cable Pin-Outs

Figure 2: 2050 Front View

Figure 3: 2050M Only Back View

Figure 4: 6ft Serial Cable C&C P/N 4250003-6

Note – Pin 5 should connect to shield of cable at both ends.

Figure 5: 2050 Indicator Panel

Repeating Red to Amber to Green indicates

Strong Signal Strength from StarFire

Medium Signal Strength StarFire

Weak Signal Strength StarFire

Table 3: Link Light Indication

The BASE LEDs are not utilized in the

Table 4: Base station Indication

Power is on. No satellites tracked

Tracking satellites, position not available yet

Code based differential positioning

Dual frequency Phase positioning

Table 5: GPS Light Indication

Table 6: Event and CAN Bus Connector

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Figure 6: Tri-Mode GPS Antenna

Figure 7: SF-2050 Base Plate Dimensions