Sans2001 DP4 2010 - Ed1 Sewer

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SANS 2001-DP4:2010
Edition 1
SOUTH AFRICAN NATIONAL STANDARD
Construction works
Part DP4: Sewers
Published by SABS Standards Division

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Tel: +27 12 428 7911 Fax: +27 12 344 1568
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© SABS. This standard may reside on internal network or intranet on a Single Site only and is exclusively available to The South African Council for the
SANS 2001-DP4:2010
Edition 1
Table of changes
Change No. Date Scope
Acknowledgement
The SABS Standards Division wishes to acknowledge the input of the South African Institution of Civil
Engineering in the development of this document.
Foreword
This South African standard was approved by National Committee SABS SC 138F, Water and
sanitation – Equipment and systems – Drainage, in accordance with procedures of the SABS Standards
Division, in compliance with annex 3 of the WTO/TBT agreement.
This document was published in October 2010.
SANS 2001 consists of a number of parts in various stages of preparation, under the general title
Construction works.
Annex A forms an integral part of this document.
Introduction
The different parts of SANS 2001 each address a specific component of construction works. The prime
purpose in the production of these standards is to create a set of standards that are generally applicable
to construction works, and which can be readily modified to make them applicable to particular works.
The SANS 2001 family of standards provides technical descriptions of the standard of materials and
workmanship that will be used in the works that are executed or in the performance of the works when
completed (or both). These standards do not make reference to the actions of those responsible for
executing the works or the parties to a contract, i.e. to the constraints relating to the manner in which
contract work is to be performed. Neither do they deal with the commercial arrangements of such
contracts. These standards are suitable for use in any “in-house” construction work or in all types of
engineering and construction works contracts, for example, design by employer, design and build,
develop and construct, construction management or management contracts.
Standard requirements pertaining to the manner in which works are constructed can be found in the
SANS 1921 family of standards.
SANS 2001-DP4:2010
Edition 1
Contents
Page
Acknowledgement
Foreword
Introduction
1 Scope ..................................................................................................................................... 3
2 Normative references ............................................................................................................. 3
3 Definitions .............................................................................................................................. 5
4 Requirements ......................................................................................................................... 6
4.1 Materials ....................................................................................................................... 6

4.2 General construction .................................................................................................... 10
4.3 Laying ........................................................................................................................... 11
4.4 Construction of manholes and inspection chambers..................................................... 15
4.5 Concrete casing to pipes............................................................................................... 19
4.6 The raising or lowering of existing manholes ............................................................... 20
4.7 Connecting sewers ....................................................................................................... 20
5 Compliance with the requirements ......................................................................................... 24
Annex A (normative) Preparation of specification data associated with this part of

SANS 2001 for inclusion in the scope of work ...................................... 27
Bibliography .............................................................................................................................. 33
SANS 2001-DP4:2010
Edition 1
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SANS 2001-DP4:2010
Edition 1
Construction works
Part DP4:
Sewers
1 Scope
This part of SANS 2001 covers the general construction requirements for sewerage systems, including
connecting sewers and manholes, but excluding sewer rising mains, pump stations, treatment works,
and ancillary works.
NOTE 1 Annex A provides guidance to those responsible for compiling procurement documents which make
reference to this part of SANS 2001.
NOTE 2 Rising mains should be constructed using the relevant requirements of SANS 2001-DP2.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies. Information on currently valid national and international
standards can be obtained from the SABS Standards Division.
ASTM F 477, Standard specification for elastomeric seals (gaskets) for joining plastic pipe.
EN 13101, Steps for underground man entry chambers – Requirements, marking, testing and evaluation
of conformity.
SANS 227, Burnt clay masonry units.
SANS 558, Cast iron surface boxes and manhole and inspection covers and frames.
SANS 559, Vitrified clay sewer pipes and fittings.
SANS 677, Concrete non-pressure pipes.
SANS 791, Unplasticized poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC-U) sewer and drain pipes and pipe fittings.
SANS 819, Fibre-cement pipes, couplings and fittings for sewerage, drainage and low-pressure
irrigation.
SANS 921, Pitch-impregnated fibre pipes and fittings and jointing.
SANS 1215, Concrete masonry units.
SANS 2001-DP4:2010
Edition 1
SANS 1294, Precast concrete manhole sections and components.
SANS 1601, Structured wall pipes and fittings of unplasticized poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC-U) for buried
drainage and sewerage systems.
SANS 1671-1, Welding of thermoplastics – Machines and equipment – Part 1: Heated-tool welding.
SANS 1671-2, Welding of thermoplastics – Machines and equipment – Part 2: Electrofusion welding.
SANS 1748-1, Glass-fibre-reinforced thermosetting plastics (GRP) pipes – Part 1: Pipes for water
supply, sewerage and drainage.
SANS 1835, Ductile iron pipes, fittings, accessories and their joints, for use in high and low pressure
systems for potable and foul water.
SANS 1882, Polymer concrete surface boxes, manhole and inspection covers, gully gratings and
frames.
SANS 2001-CC1, Construction works – Part CC1: Concrete works (structural).
SANS 2001-CC2, Construction works – Part CC2: Concrete works (minor works).
SANS 2001-CM1, Construction works – Part CM1: Masonry walling.
SANS 2001-DP1, Construction works – Part DP1: Earthworks for buried pipelines and prefabricated
culverts.
SANS 2001-EM1, Construction works – Part EM1: Cement plaster.
SANS 4427-2/ISO 4427-2, Plastics piping systems – Polyethylene (PE) pipes and fittings for water
supply – Part 2: Pipes.
supply – Part 3: Fittings.
supply – Part 5: Fitness for purpose of the system.
SANS 4633/ISO 4633, Rubber seals – Joint rings for water supply, drainage and sewerage pipelines –
Specification for materials.
SANS 8773/ISO 8773, Plastics piping systems for non-pressure underground drainage and sewerage –
Polypropylene (PP).
SANS 10112, The installation of polyethylene and poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC-U and PVC-M) pipes.
SANS 10268-1, Welding of thermoplastics – Welding processes – Part 1: Heated-tool welding.
SANS 10268-2, Welding of thermoplastics – Welding processes – Part 2: Electrofusion welding.
SANS 10268-5, Welding of thermoplastics – Welding processes – Part 5: Solvent welding.
SANS 10268-10, Welding of thermoplastics – Welding processes – Part 10: Weld defects.
SANS 10269, Welding of thermoplastics – Testing and approval of welders.
SANS 10403:2003, Formatting and compilation of construction procurement documents.
SANS 2001-DP4:2010
Edition 1
SANS 50295-1/EN 295-1, Vitrified clay pipes and fittings and pipe joints for drains and sewers – Part 1:
Requirements.
SANS 50598/EN 598, Ductile iron pipes, fittings, accessories and their joints for sewerage application –
Requirements and test methods.
SANS 52842/EN 12842, Ductile iron fittings for PVC-U or PE piping systems – Requirements and test
methods.
TMH1-A7, Standard methods of testing road construction materials – Method A7: The determination
of the maximum dry density and optimum moisture content of gravel, soil and sand.
3 Definitions
For the purposes of this document, the definitions given in SANS 10403 and the following apply.
3.1
Agrément certificate
certificate that confirms fitness-for-purpose of a non-standardized product, material or component or the
acceptability of the related non-standardized design and the conditions pertaining thereto (or both)
issued by the Board of Agrément South Africa
3.2
Board of Agrément South Africa
body that operates under the delegation of authority of the Minister of Public Works
3.3
deviation
difference between the actual (i.e. measured) dimension or position and the specified dimension or
position
3.4
ductile iron
cast iron used for pipes, fittings and accessories in which graphite is present in substantially spheroid
form
3.5
expansion joint
joint that allows relative longitudinal movement between adjacent pipes without the occurrence of
fracture or leakage
3.6
FBS
face brick standard
unit that is selected or produced for its durability and uniformity of size and shape
3.7
fitting
component used to so connect pipes as to form a sewer or drainage installation
3.8
flexible joint
joint that allows relative angular (radial) and longitudinal movements between adjacent pipes without the
occurrence of fracture or leakage
SANS 2001-DP4:2010
Edition 1
3.9
modified AASHTO maximum dry density
highest density obtainable when compaction is carried out on soil at varied moisture contents at the
modified AASHTO compaction effort in accordance with the requirements of TMH1-A7
3.10
NFP
non-facing plastered
unit that is suitable for general building work that will be plastered
3.11
permissible deviation
pd
specified limit(s) of deviation within which a dimension or position lies
3.12
pipe
straight cylinder of uniform diameter and uniform wall thickness throughout its length, though one end
may have a socket
3.13
polymer concrete
reinforced plastic mortar
mixture of synthetic thermosetting resin (polymer, polyester or vinyl ester or epoxy and others),
aggregates (commonly graded silica sand and stone, or both of the same size and shape or different
sizes and shapes), glass fibre strands or fibres, polypropylene fibres and a reactive catalyst
3.14
specification data
data, provisions and variations that make this part of SANS 2001 applicable to a particular contract or
works (see annex A)
3.15
structured wall
PVC-U wall the maximum stiffness of which has been optimized relative to material usage
3.16
suitable
capable of fulfilling or having fulfilled the intended function, or fit for its intended purpose
3.17
unplasticized poly(vinyl chloride)
PVC-U
material based on a homopolymer of vinyl chloride or on a co-polymer of vinyl chloride such that the
principal ingredient is vinyl chloride
4 Requirements
4.1 Materials
4.1.1 General
4.1.1.1 All pipes and fittings shall have nominal diameters and be of the type as specified in the scope
of work and, unless otherwise specified in the scope of work, shall either be the subject of an Agrément
certificate or comply with the relevant requirements of 4.1.2 to 4.1.11.
SANS 2001-DP4:2010
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4.1.1.2 Pipes shall be handled and stored in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions.
4.1.2 Pitch-impregnated fibre pipes and fittings
4.1.2.1 Pitch-impregnated fibre pipes and fittings shall comply with the requirements of SANS 921 for a
solid wall pipe and shall have the attributes specified in the scope of work. Unless otherwise specified in
the scope of work, the pipes and couplings shall be tapered.
4.1.2.2 Couplings shall be made from a suitable polypropylene or polyethylene material.
4.1.3 Ductile iron pipes and fittings
Ductile iron pipes and fittings shall comply with the requirements of SANS 50598 or SANS 1835 and
shall have the attributes specified in the scope of work.
4.1.4 Fibre-cement (FC) pipes and fittings
FC pipes and fittings shall comply with the requirements of SANS 819 and shall have the attributes
specified in the scope of work.
4.1.5 Unplasticized poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC-U) pipes and fittings
PVC-U pipes and fittings shall comply with the relevant requirements of SANS 791 and shall have the
attributes specified in the scope of work.
4.1.6 Structured wall PVC-U pipes and fittings
Structured wall PVC-U pipes and fittings shall comply with the relevant requirements of SANS 1601 and
shall have the attributes specified in the scope of work.
4.1.7 Glass-fibre-reinforced thermosetting plastics (GRP) pipes and jointing systems
GRP pipes and jointing systems shall comply with the requirements of SANS 1748-1 and shall have the
attributes specified in the scope of work.
4.1.8 Polypropylene (PP) pipes and fittings
PP pipes and fittings shall comply with the requirements of SANS 8773 and shall have the attributes
4.1.9 Polyethylene (PE) pipes and fittings
4.1.9.1 PE pipes shall comply with the requirements of SANS 4427-2 and have the attributes specified
in the scope of work. Unless otherwise stated in the scope of work, any of the following shall be used to
joint pipes together:
a) electrofusion fittings that comply with the requirements of SANS 4427-3;
b) butt fusion;
c) ductile iron fittings that comply with the requirements of SANS 52842; or
d) mechanical jointing systems that comply with the requirements of SANS 4427-3.
4.1.9.2 PE pipes shall not be supplied and stored in coils.
SANS 2001-DP4:2010
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4.1.10 Vitrified clay pipes and fittings
Vitrified clay pipes and fittings shall comply with the requirements of either SANS 50295-1 or SANS 559
and shall have the parameters specified in the scope of work.
4.1.11 Reinforced concrete pipes and fittings
4.1.11.1 Concrete pipes shall comply with the requirements of SANS 677 for SI type pipes, have the
properties specified in the scope of work, and shall be supplied with suitable joints.
4.1.11.2 Where specified in the specification data (see annex A) that the joints referred to in 4.1.11.1
shall be flexible joints, such joints shall be capable of permitting a relative displacement between pipes
of 0,04 mm/m of the pipe diameter in a plane normal to the axis of the pipe when subjected to an internal
water pressure of 60 kPa for 5 min without leaking.
4.1.12 Manholes and chambers
4.1.12.1 Masonry and plaster
4.1.12.1.1 Masonry units, unless otherwise specified in the scope of work, shall have the following
attributes:
a) burnt clay units: FBS or NFP with a nominal compressive strength of 14 MPa, or FBS without frogs
and perforations, in accordance with the requirements of SANS 227.
b) concrete units: solid units with a nominal compressive strength of 14 MPa, in accordance with the
requirements of SANS 1215.
4.1.12.1.2 Mortar shall be a class I mortar in accordance with the requirements of SANS 2001-CM1.
4.1.12.1.3 Plaster shall be an external plaster in accordance with the requirements of SANS 2001-EM1.
4.1.12.2 Prefabricated cylinders
4.1.12.2.1 Precast concrete sections shall comply with the applicable requirements of SANS 1294.
Sectional spun concrete cylinders shall comply with the requirements of SANS 677 for SC type pipes,
and where required in the specification data, shall be manufactured from dolomite aggregate. Jointing
between cylinders shall be of the interlocking, self-centring type suitable for sealing and shall be sealed
to form a watertight joint (see figure 1).
4.1.12.2.2 Tape joints shall consist of a low-density polyethylene coated with a polyisobutylene
pressure-sensitive adhesive which has the following properties:
a) overall width: 150 mm
b) overall thickness: 0,3 mm
c) tensile strength: 15 MPa (minimum)
d) elongation at break: 300 %
e) adhesion to steel: 1,5 N/mm of width (minimum)
f) adhesion to self: 1,0 N/mm of width (minimum)
g) temperature performance: 20 °C to 60 °C
SANS 2001-DP4:2010
Edition 1
Dimensions in millimetres
Chamber and shaft sections Reducer and adaptor slabs

Minimum
Nominal Standard Nominal Minimum
Type of wall Type of
diameter length diameter thickness
section thickness slab
mm mm mm mm mm
Chamber 1 000 250, 500, 1 000 65 Reducer 1 000 150
Chamber 1 250 250, 500, 1 000 75 Reducer 1 250 150
Chamber 1 500 250, 500, 1 000 85 Reducer 1 500 150
Chamber 1 750 250, 500, 1 000 95 Reducer 1 750 150
700
Shaft 250, 500, 1 000 55 Adaptor 750 150
approx.
Figure 1 — Precast concrete manhole for sewer
SANS 2001-DP4:2010
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4.1.12.3 Concrete
4.1.12.3.1 Unless otherwise specified in the scope of work, concrete shall be grade 20 or higher and
shall comply with the requirements of SANS 2001-CC1 or SANS 2001-CC2, as applicable.
4.1.12.3.2 Where specified in the specification data, concrete shall be made only from dolomite
aggregate.
4.1.12.4 Step irons
Step irons shall be of malleable cast iron that complies with the applicable requirements of EN 13101,
and shall be of length suitable for fixing in brick, in-situ concrete, or precast concrete, as applicable.
4.1.12.5 Cast iron manhole covers and frames
4.1.12.5.1 Unless otherwise required in terms of the specification data, cast iron covers and frames for
manholes shall comply with the requirements of SANS 558 for type 2B in the case of manholes in roads
and other areas subject to road traffic loads, and type 4 in the case of manholes in areas not subject to
such loads.
4.1.12.5.2 Covers and frames for manholes shall be supplied in matching sets. The cover and frame of
each set shall each bear a serial number (applied with oil paint) to enable the sets to be identified.
4.1.12.5.3 When installed, the covers and frames shall still comply with the requirements of SANS 558
for freedom from warp and evenness of seating.
4.1.12.6 Polymer concrete manhole and inspection covers and frames
Polymer concrete manhole and inspection covers and frames shall comply with the requirements of
SANS 1882. Unless otherwise specified in the scope of work, the covers shall be
a) light duty class where wheeled vehicles have no access;
b) medium duty class where heavy commercial vehicles have no access; and
c) heavy duty class where heavy commercial vehicles have access.
4.1.13 Marker posts
Marker posts, if required, shall comply with the requirements specified in the scope of work.
4.2 General construction
4.2.1 Pipes shall be handled and placed using equipment and techniques that ensure that no pipe shell
is over-stressed during any operation covered by this part of SANS 2001. Care shall be taken when
handling pipes not to damage the surface of the pipes, especially the pipe ends.
4.2.2 Buried pipelines shall be laid and bedded in trenches in accordance with the requirements of
SANS 2001-DP1.
4.2.3 Pipes that are the subject of an Agrément certificate shall be installed in accordance with the
provisions of that certificate.
4.2.4 Where the slope of a pipe is greater than 1:10, anchor blocks shall be constructed in accordance
with the details shown in figure 2.
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a) Steep drops in drains
Plan
b) Spacing of anchor blocks
Figure 2 — Anchor blocks on slopes steeper than 1:10 and

at steep drops in drains
4.3 Laying
4.3.1 General
4.3.1.1 Pipelines shall be laid on the required class of bedding and with the required side allowances in
accordance with the relevant requirements of SANS 2001-DP1, true to designated line and level.
Designated invert levels shall take precedence over design depths shown in the construction drawings.
The completed sewer shall have no bends or undulations except where shown in the construction
drawings.
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4.3.1.2 FC pipes that have any deviation from straightness (see SANS 819), shall be so laid that
preference is given to level over line.
4.3.1.3 The control of laying and bedding shall be by means of boning rods and sight rails or a suitable
lazer device. Sight rails shall be painted black and white and shall be fixed securely and accurately.
4.3.1.4 Pipes shall have a minimum top cover of 300 mm in servitudes and 600 mm in road reserves.
Where such a cover cannot be provided and unless otherwise specified in the scope of work, a grade 20
concrete slab, that has a minimum thickness of 50 mm where there is no vehicular traffic and 100 mm
where there is vehicular traffic, in accordance with the details of figure 3, shall be cast or installed above
such pipes.
Figure 3 — Protection of pipes at reduced depth
4.3.2 Damage
Each pipe and fitting shall be cleaned and examined for damage and defects immediately before laying.
No damaged or defective pipe or fitting shall be laid.
4.3.3 Cutting
Pipes shall be so cut as to obtain a clean and square end.
4.3.4 Pipes of different materials
Pipes and fittings of different materials shall be jointed only with special adaptors recommended by the
pipe manufacturer(s).
4.3.5 Sewers to be kept clean
All pipe openings and manholes shall be sealed to ensure that no water, stones, or other foreign matter
enters the sewer during or after laying.
4.3.6 Connections to manholes
The sewer shall be jointed to the pipes built into manholes in such a manner that there are flexible joints
on pipes entering and leaving each manhole as shown in figure 4.
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Length of pipe
Diameter of pipe joined at manhole
x
mm m
100 0,5 to 0,8
150 0,5 to 1,2
200 0,5 to 1,6
225 0,5 to 1,8
250 0,5 to 2,0
300 0,7 to 2,0
> 375 1,0 to 3,0
Figure 4 — Flexible connections to manholes
4.3.7 Jointing of pipes
4.3.7.1 General
4.3.7.1.1 Pipes shall be cut with suitable tools so as to obtain neat, square ends. The outer edge of
such cuts shall be evenly chamfered and shall be free from swarf, burrs, channels and loose material.
Allowance shall be made for movement of at least 6 mm in any rubber ring socket into which a pipe is to
be inserted.
4.3.7.1.2 All pipes and fittings shall be joined together strictly in accordance with the manufacturer’s
instructions or, if applicable, the requirements of an Agrément certificate, in such a manner that the
continuity of bore is maintained and the flow in the interior of the drain is not obstructed.
4.3.7.1.3 Solvent cements, lubricants and solvent cleaners shall be used in accordance with the
manufacturer’s instructions. Solvent cleaners shall not be used as adhesive thinners.
4.3.7.1.4 The surfaces of all areas to be bonded by means of solvent cement shall be dry and shall be
cleaned with a solvent cleaner. A fresh piece of absorbent material shall be used to clean each joint. The
joint shall be made while the cement is still wet by pushing the prepared parts squarely together (without
twisting or tilting). Excess solvent shall be wiped off and the components of the joint shall be held
together firmly until the solvent cement has set. The joint shall not be moved for a period of 30 min and
shall not be stressed for at least 24 h.
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4.3.7.1.5 All sockets and spigots shall be cleaned with a clean, dry cloth, immediately before the
application of a thin film of lubricant to each rubber ring and socket. The joint shall then be made by
pushing the spigot squarely into the socket until it bottoms. Care shall be taken not to displace the
rubber ring. The spigot shall thereafter be withdrawn approximately 6 mm to allow for longitudinal
movement.
4.3.7.1.6 Suitable adaptors and joints shall be provided where different types of materials are joined to
each other.
4.3.7.1.7 Pipes shall be connected to toilet pans by means of a suitable moulded fitting incorporating a
rubber sealing ring manufactured specifically for this purpose.
4.3.7.2 Welding of thermoplastics
4.3.7.2.1 The welding of polypropylene homopolymer, polypropylene block copolymer, polypropylene

random copolymer, polyvinylidene fluoride and high-density polyethylene using the heated-tool butt
welding and heated-tool socket welding processes shall be undertaken in accordance with the
requirements of SANS 10268-1, using equipment that complies with the requirements of SANS 1671-1.
4.3.7.2.2 The welding of PE and PP pipes by means of electrofusion shall be in accordance with the
requirements of SANS 10268-2, using equipment that complies with the requirements of SANS 1671-2.
The acceptability of the weld shall be assessed in accordance with the assessment table contained in
SANS 10268-10.
4.3.7.2.3 The joining of PVC-U, PVC-M and chlorinated poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC-C) using the solvent
welding process, shall be in accordance with the requirements of SANS 10268-5.
4.3.7.2.4 Welders shall, where specified in the specification data, be tested and certified in accordance
with the requirements of SANS 10269 and be in possession of a valid test certificate.
4.3.7.3 Thermofusion of PP and PE pipes
4.3.7.3.1 Butt-fusion welding and electrofusion of PP or PE pipes shall be carried out by suitably trained
and skilled operators using equipment that complies with the requirements of SANS 1671-1 or
SANS 1671-2. Electrofusion control units and butt-fusion welding machines shall be used strictly in
accordance with the supplier’s instructions and the requirements of SANS 10268-1.
4.3.7.3.2 Before use, metal heating plates shall be cleaned of all traces of PE or PP remaining from
previous operations to avoid inclusion of oxidized PE or PP in the weld.
4.3.7.3.3 The pipe ends of all pipes joined by means of an electrofusion fitting shall be prepared before
jointing by having any surface oxide scraped off and being thoroughly cleaned with a suitable cleaner.
4.3.7.3.4 The two components that are to be jointed in the butt-welding process shall not be under
tension or lateral stress during the welding operation.
4.3.7.4 Hot welding of PVC-U piping
4.3.7.4.1 Hot welding, where permitted in terms of the specification data, shall be carried out by suitably
trained and skilled operators in accordance with the requirements of SANS 10112.
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4.4 Construction of manholes and inspection chambers
4.4.1 General
4.4.1.1 Manholes and inspection chambers shall, unless otherwise specified in the scope of work, be
constructed as follows:
a) manholes on main sewers of diameter 600 mm and less: of precast concrete or masonry;
b) manholes on main sewers of diameter over 600 mm: of precast concrete or masonry;
c) inspection chambers: of precast or cast-in-situ concrete or masonry;
d) flexible joints, channel layouts, covers, frames, and step irons: in accordance with the relevant details
shown in figures 1, 4, 5, 6 and 7, unless otherwise specified in the scope of work.
4.4.1.2 Manholes shall be constructed in accordance with the relevant requirements of SANS 2001-CC1
or SANS 2001-CC2, SANS 2001-CM1 and SANS 2001-EM1.
4.4.1.3 All parts of cast iron manhole covers, frames, fittings, and step irons not in contact with mortar
surfaces shall be thoroughly cleaned and painted with two coats of a suitable bituminous paint or epoxy
tar.
4.4.2 Foundations
4.4.2.1 The bottom of excavations shall be compacted to 90 % modified AASHTO maximum dry density
and shall be kept free of water at all times. Where the material at the founding level is soft material, or
hard material which deteriorates rapidly on exposure, excavation to the final level shall not be made until
just before concreting takes place.
4.4.2.2 The foundation and partial benching to the precast concrete ring manholes should be cast
monolithically. Where pipes enter and exit the manhole, these shall be cast integrally into the concrete
base and care shall be taken to ensure a watertight joint between the manhole and the pipe.
4.4.2.3 Every PVC pipe shall have mortar sand glued to its outside using a glue recommended by the
pipe manufacturer for this purpose, to ensure good adhesion to the concrete.
4.4.2.4 The first precast ring shall be bedded firmly into the wet concrete foundation and set true to level
such that the completed manhole will be vertical. Care shall be taken in placing this ring to ensure that
the joint is suitably mortared up on the outside to form a watertight joint. A minimum clearance of 50 mm
shall be maintained between the bottom of the ring and the top of any built-in pipe.
4.4.3 Benching
4.4.3.1 Where a pipe enters a manhole, it shall be thoroughly caulked into the wall and a 440 mm thick
brick surround shall be built integral with the rest of the wall in order to ensure a watertight joint between
the pipe and the manhole.
4.4.3.2 Concrete for benching shall be grade 20 with 13 mm aggregate. Semicircular channels and
fittings, suitable for the type of pipe laid, shall be placed in position simultaneously with the concrete
benching and shall be embedded in it true to grade, level, and line.
4.4.3.3 All benching and sloping surfaces of the manhole floor shall be rendered in 20 mm thick mortar,
finished smooth and true with a steel trowel, and rounded at corners and edges.
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Dimensions in millimetres
Section A-A Section B-B

Type 1 masonry manhole (depth less than 2,25 m)
Section A-A Section B-B

Type 2 masonry manhole (depth 2,25 m to 3,6 m)
All pipe connections to manholes shall have

flexible joints as shown in figure 3.
Brickwork for type 1 and 2 manholes shall be

220 mm.
All brickwork shall be plastered internally and

externally with 13 mm cement mortar
Benching shall be rendered in 20 mm thick 1:3

cement mortar.
Step irons, if required in terms of the scope of

work, shall be placed at 300 mm centres and
Plan view (section C-C) shall be staggered left and right.
Figure 5 — Masonry manholes for sewers
16
SANS 2001-DP4:2010
Edition 1
NOTE Flexible joints are in accordance with figure 3.
Figure 6 — Typical channel layouts in brick manholes
17
SANS 2001-DP4:2010
Edition 1
a) For drops up to 1 200 mm
b) For drops that exceed 1 200 mm
Figure 7 — Drop connections
4.4.4 Step irons
Step irons, where required in terms of the scope of work, shall be accurately built into the straight of the
wall (as shown in figure 1) at 300 mm centres and staggered regularly right and left in truly vertical rows
spaced at 200 mm centres horizontally. No slings shall be attached to step irons, nor shall step irons be
used in any way for lifting.
18
SANS 2001-DP4:2010
Edition 1
4.4.5 Masonry manholes
4.4.5.1 Each masonry manhole shall be built to the details specified in the scope of work or in
accordance with figure 5. Masonry shall be in English bond with the fair face, if any, on the inside. No
false headers shall be built in and only whole units shall be used except where closures are required to
form the bond.
4.4.5.2 The walls of a manhole shall, where so required in terms of the construction drawings or
specification data, be plastered with a single coat of plaster internally and steel-trowelled to a smooth
and true surface free of sharp edges and corners. All salient angles and arrises shall be slightly rounded,
and all internal angles shall be finished true, square, and smooth.
4.4.5.3 Where required in terms of the scope of work to limit the possibility of infiltration, the outside
surfaces shall be plastered with a single coat of plaster and steel-trowelled to a smooth finish.
4.4.5.4 The building-in of pipes entering each sewer manhole chamber and the benching of the floor
and the bedding and grading of channels shall be as specified for precast concrete manholes (see 4.4.6
and figure 1). The channel layout shall be as shown in the relevant detail in figure 5, unless otherwise
4.4.5.5 Covers and frames shall be set solidly onto the shafts and concrete surrounds in mortar and
shall be finished off to suit surrounding surfaces.
4.4.6 Precast concrete manholes
4.4.6.1 Each precast concrete manhole shall be constructed in accordance with the applicable details
shown in figure 1, unless otherwise specified in the scope of work.
4.4.6.2 The precast concrete manhole sections shall be carefully and firmly bedded on a continuous
layer of suitable jointing material so as to ensure a watertight joint of approximately 5 mm all round, after
the priming of joint surfaces.
4.4.6.3 The sections shall be so fitted that there are no lips that exceed 5 mm between adjacent
sections.
4.4.6.4 Where required in terms of the scope of work or where the manhole is below the water table, a
single layer of tape shall be applied to the joints on the outside of the manhole, to clean concrete
surfaces that are dry and free from grease, oil or other contaminants. The surfaces to receive the tape
shall be primed with a suitable primer applied in accordance with the manufacturer’s recommendations.
When the primer is dry, but tacky, the tape shall be applied to give a wrinkle-free wrapped joint.
4.4.6.5 The manhole frames shall be set in 1:2 cement mortar on the concrete cover slab. The top of
the cover shall be set to suit the road profile, where applicable.
4.4.7 The laying and jointing of channels in manholes
The sockets of channels shall be filled in with 1:1 stiff cement mortar and the space between the
channels shall be finished off with the same mortar. Where two spigot ends abut, they shall have a layer
of 1:1 cement mortar under the joint, and the space between the ends shall be filled with 1:1 cement
mortar worked in and neatly finished off.
4.5 Concrete casing to pipes

Pipes which are required in terms of the scope of work to be encased in concrete, shall be encased in
accordance with the requirements of SANS 2001-DP1 once the sewer has been tested. The expansion
joints in the upper part shall coincide with those in the lower part (see figure 8).
19
SANS 2001-DP4:2010
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4.6 The raising or lowering of existing manholes

Where an existing manhole is required to be either raised or lowered, the work shall be so carried out
that the finished manhole complies with the applicable requirements of 4.4. Where practicable, the same
cover shall be used, which shall, on completion of a manhole in a road reserve, be flush with the surface
of the finished road, shoulder, or sidewalk, as the case might be.
4.7 Connecting sewers
4.7.1 Location and details
4.7.1.1 Connecting sewers of the diameter specified in the scope of work shall be laid from junctions
provided in the main sewers to the position and to the depth shown in the construction drawings.
4.7.1.2 The construction details of direct and sloping drop connections shall, unless otherwise specified
in the scope of work, be in accordance with figures 8, 9 and 10, as applicable.
4.7.2 Marker posts
If marker posts are required to mark the positions of pipe connections, this shall be done as specified in
the specification data.
a) Section through 100 mm diameter pipe b) Section through 150 mm diameter pipe
c) Joint detail where pipes are encased in concrete
Figure 8 — Concrete encasing of rigid pipes
20
SANS 2001-DP4:2010
Edition 1
a) Elements of main sewer to accommodate house connections
b) Section through connection
c) Plan view of connection
Figure 9 — Connecting sewers – Direct connection
21
SANS 2001-DP4:2010
Edition 1
a) Section through shallow connection
b) Section through steep connection
c) Plan view of connection
All pipes and fittings shall be provided with flexible joints
Figure 10 — Connecting sewers – Sloping drop connection
22
SANS 2001-DP4:2010
Edition 1
Elevation Elevation
Plan Plan
a) Concrete support for vertical section b) Compacted granular material for vertical
support
Pipes and fittings shall be provided with joints
Figure 11 — Vertical drop connections of sewers of depth 3 m or more
4.7.3 Location records
In addition to placing any marker required, the following data shall, where specified in the specification
data, be recorded:
a) the name of the street;
b) the number of the plot or erf;
c) the location measurements of the end of the erf connection in relation to the nearest boundary peg(s);
d) the depth of the invert at the end of the connection;
e) a description of the boundary peg(s) (i.e. the peg(s) from which the location measurements were
taken);
23
SANS 2001-DP4:2010
Edition 1
f) the distance between the end of the connection and the plot boundary line, the position of the junction
on the main sewer, and all such information as might be required to compile "as-built" drawings;
g) the size of the connection; and
h) any other data specified in the specification data
5 Compliance with the requirements

5.1 Tolerances
5.1.1 General
Tolerances shall be determined on the basis of permissible deviations from designated locations,
alignment, grades, and levels. Each of the various parts of the works shall be constructed within the
limits set out in 5.1.2 to 5.1.5 (inclusive). Manholes and chambers at junctions may be subject to
permissible deviations which differ from those required for other manholes and for the sewer between
the junctions.
5.1.2 Overall centre-line control and manhole locations
5.1.2.1 The permissible deviation of the location in plan of the centre line of the sewer from the
designated location shall be ± 300 mm. This location shall be treated as the control point for the purpose
of locating intersections, whether for manholes or inspection chambers. Such manholes or chambers
shall be constructed at the meeting points of intersecting pipelines subject only to such deviation as can
be tolerated by the junction channels or specials.
5.1.2.2 The permissible deviation in location along the centre line for manholes and chambers not
situated at control points shall be plus or minus half a pipe length or 1,5 m, whichever is the lesser.
5.1.3 Manhole invert levels
The permissible deviation from the designated level of the invert at each manhole shall be ± 50 mm but,
should the fall between any two successive manholes be less than 90 % of that specified, the said
permissible deviation shall be reduced to a value such that the fall is at least 90 % of that specified.
5.1.4 Alignment and grade between manholes
Subject to the permitted manufacturing tolerances applicable to the pipes being laid,
a) the line of the pipe invert shall not, at any place between control points at successive manholes (see
5.1.2 and 5.1.3),
1) deviate from a straight line between the said control points by more than 5 % of the nominal
diameter of the pipe; or
2) be lower than at any other place closer to the lower manhole;
b) there shall be no steps at the junctions between successive pipes.
5.1.5 Manholes and chamber structures
The dimensions of the walls and roof of each manhole and chamber structure shall conform to the
dimensions specified, subject to the tolerances laid down for concrete structures in SANS 2001-CC1,
SANS 2001-CC2 and SANS 2001-CM1, as applicable.
24
SANS 2001-DP4:2010
Edition 1
5.2 Materials testing

Test the materials for pipelines in accordance with the relevant requirements of the standards applicable
to such materials.
5.3 Construction tests
5.3.1 General
5.3.1.1 Ensure that no pipe joint or fitting is covered until the applicable of the tests given in 5.3.2 to
5.3.6 have been completed.
5.3.1.2 Test the sewer in sections between manholes or chambers, as applicable. Isolate the section
being tested from the other sections by means of suitable plugs or stoppers.
5.3.1.3 If there is any possibility that the sewer might have been disturbed during backfilling, retest it to
check that it has not been damaged.
5.3.1.4 Carry out the following tests on the sewers, if so specified in the specification data:
a) an air test on pipes (other than concrete pipes) of all sizes;
b) a water test in the case of pipes of diameter up to 750 mm;
c) a visual internal inspection in the case of pipes of diameter greater than 750 mm; and
d) a water dropdown test for manholes.
5.3.1.5 No further testing will be required on pipelines which pass the air test (see 5.3.2). Where
pipelines have failed
a) the air test, carry out a water test to locate the source of failure, or
b) the water test, rectify the pipeline and reapply the air test, or the water test, as applicable.
Failure under the second water test will indicate failure of the pipeline.
5.3.1.6 Record all test results, whether or not the pipeline or section of pipeline has passed the test.
5.3.1.7 Make good all defects that might be found while the sewer is under test and repeat the tests
until the sewer is found to comply with the requirements.
5.3.1.8 After the sewer has passed the tests, seal all access lids properly with bitumen or by any other
suitable method that will ensure that they are watertight.
5.3.2 Air test
5.3.2.1 Pipelines above the water table
Use a suitable air testing machine to raise the gauge pressure in the section of the pipeline under test to
3,75 kPa. After a 2 min stabilization period, reduce the pressure to 2,5 kPa. Then switch off the machine
and determine the time taken for the pressure to drop from 2,5 kPa to 1,25 kPa. Check that the time
taken is in accordance with the provisions of table 1.
25
SANS 2001-DP4:2010
Edition 1
5.3.2.2 Pipelines below the water table
Use a suitable air testing machine to raise the gauge pressure in the section of the pipeline under test to
2,5 kPa above the static water pressure. After this pressure has been attained and the machine stopped,
note any change in pressure. Check that there is no discernible loss for a period of at least 5 min.
Table 1 — Minimum time taken for air pressure to drop in air test
1 2
Minimum time taken for pressure to
Nominal diameter of pipe
drop from 2,5 kPa to 1,25 kPa
mm min
100 2
150 3
200 4
225 4,2
250 4,5
300 6
375 7,5
450 9
600 12
750 15
5.3.3 Water test
Fill the section of the pipeline under test and, unless otherwise indicated (see 5.3.5), the manhole
chamber at the upper end of the said section with water to such a depth that the end of the section of
pipeline being tested is subjected to a pressure of 0,04 MPa. During the test ensure that there is no
discernible leakage of water. Allow an appropriate period, at least 10 min, for initial absorption, and note
the make-up water over the next 30 min. Check that the amount of make-up water does not exceed
0,1 L/m2 of internal pipe surface after 30 min.
5.3.4 Watertightness of manholes
Where so required in terms of the specification data, test manholes separately from the pipeline by
plugging the inlet and outlet pipes and filling the manhole with water and observing the drop in water
after a period of not less than 10 min.
5.3.5 Testing of connecting sewers
Test each connecting sewer between its upper end and the junction at the main sewer. Keep the upper
end of the connection securely closed with expanding plugs during the test. Where practicable, test the
main sewer and the connections simultaneously. On completion of the test, permanently seal the upper
end of the connection by means of a plug stopper suitable for the type of pipe.
5.3.6 Testing of PE and PP pipe assemblies
Where specified in the specification data, test PE and PP pipe assemblies in accordance with the
relevant requirements of SANS 4427-5.
26
SANS 2001-DP4:2010
Edition 1
Annex A
(normative)
Preparation of specification data associated with this part of

SANS 2001 for inclusion in the scope of work
Specification data form an essential part of this part of SANS 2001; without such data, requirements are
incomplete.
The format for the specification data has been developed to be compatible with the requirements of
table D.1 of SANS 10403:2003. The specification data should be incorporated in the scope of work as
shown in table A.1.
Table A.1 — Incorporating this part of SANS 2001 in the scope of work
1 2 3
TOPIC ASPECT COMMENTARY
DESCRIPTION OF THE WORKS
CONSTRUCTION
Works Applicable part(s) of The following parts of SANS 2001 and associated specification
specifications SANS 2001 data are applicable:
1) SANS 2001 …..

2) SANS 2001 …….
The associated specification data are as follows:
Specification Essential data:

data pertaining The requirements for ……. are ……….
to SANS 2001- The requirements for ……. are ……….
…… Variations:
1)……
2)………..
Additional clauses:
1)…….
Applicable national
and international
standards
Particular/generic
specifications
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SANS 2001-DP4:2010
Edition 1
Develop the specification data based on the contents of table A.2.
Table A.2 — Specification data associated with this part of SANS 2001
1 2 3
Guidance notes
Specification data associated with this
part of SANS 2001 Clause
Consideration
number
Essential data
Sewers shall be constructed using the 4.1.1 State the types of pipes that may be used. The
following types of pipes: ……………. specifier should confirm with manufacturers that the
or pipes in the required diameter are available
Sewers shall be constructed using only
……. pipes.
Pitch-impregnated pipes shall 4.1.2 State attributes if not shown in the construction
drawings (see SANS 921).
a) be a class 1/2/3 pipe;
b) have a nominal length of … m.

Pipes and couplings shall be supplied with State requirements for ends if default requirement
….. ends. for tapered ends is not suitable.
Couplings shall be the tapered PP/plain PE State preference for couplings type, if necessary.
type.
Ductile iron pipes shall comply with 4.1.3 State the required attributes, as necessary, if not
SANS 50598 and shall be supplied specified in the drawings, with reference to
SANS 50598.
a) with flexible flanged joints;
b) in ….. m lengths;
c) with a zinc-rich paint coating with finishing

layer/thicker metallic zinc coating with
finishing layer/ PE sleeving (as a
supplement to the zinc coating with
finishing layer)/PE/PP/polyurethane/epoxy
resin/FC mortar/adhesive tapes external
coating;
d) with an internal coat comprising

polyurethane/PE/epoxy resin/bituminous
paint/thicker cement mortar lining/cement
mortar lining with seal coat;
e) in a red/grey/brown colour.
The coatings for fittings and accessories shall
be as follows:
a) external: zinc coating with finishing layer/

PE sleeving (as a supplement to the
bituminous paint or to the zinc coating
with finishing layer)/polymeric/adhesive
tapes;
b) internal: PE/ polyurethane/ polymeric/

thicker cement mortar lining/ cement
mortar lining with seal coat.
28
SANS 2001-DP4:2010
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Table A.2 (continued)
1 2 3
Guidance notes
Consideration
number
Ductile iron pipes shall comply with the 4.1.3 State the specific requirements, as necessary (see
requirements of SANS 1835 for a class K9/ SANS 1835).
K10/ PN 10/ PN 16/ PN 25 pipe and shall be
supplied
a) in lengths of …..m;
b) with an external coating comprising ….;
c) with an internal coating comprising …..;
d) with a mean thickness of the finishing

layer of ….
Integrally/separately cast samples shall be

made.
Test method A/B shall be used.

FC pipes shall 4.1.4 State the series and, if necessary, the preferences
for the pipe lengths and which optional tests are
a) be series 1/2/3/4/LPI; applicable, if not specified in the drawings (see
SANS 819).
b) have a length of 4 m/5 m/6 m/ ...m.
The following optional tests shall apply:
a) straightness of pipe;
b) permeability of pipe;
c) crushing strength of fittings;
d) unit flexural strength of pipes;
e) acid resistance.
FC pipes shall be bitumen dipped in State if pipes shall be bitumen dipped (see
accordance with the requirements of SANS 819).
SANS 819.
PVC-U pipes shall 4.1.5 State the duty and, if necessary, the preferences for
the pipes and fittings, if not specified in the
a) be of the normal/heavy duty type; drawings.
b) have plain ends / have one end plain and

the other end socketed;
c) have the plain ends chamfered;
d) have an injection-moulded solvent

cement socket/an integral socket;
e) have sockets of the rubber ring type/

have sockets of the solvent cement type.
PVC-U fittings shall be of the solvent cement The solvent cement option is only available for
type. pipes that do not exceed 200 mm in diameter (see
SANS 791).
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SANS 2001-DP4:2010
Edition 1
1 2 3
Guidance notes
Consideration
number
Structured wall PVC-U pipes shall 4.1.6 State the stiffness class, type and requirements, if
any, for pipe ends, if not specified in the drawings
a) be of stiffness class 100/200/400; (see SANS 1601).
b) be a type 1/2 pipe;
c) be supplied in …. m lengths;
d) have plain ends/one plain end and one

socketed end/ one socketed end and one
spigoted end;
e) have chamfered plain ends.

PVC-U fittings shall be of the solvent cement The solvent cement option is only available for
type. pipes that do not exceed 200 mm in diameter (see
SANS 791).
GRP pipes shall 4.1.7 State the nominal pressure class, pipe-stiffness
class and other preferences and requirements if
a) have a nominal pressure (PN) class of 2/ not specified in the drawings (see SANS 1748-1).
5/6/8/10/12,5/16/20/25/32/40;
b) have a pipe-stiffness (SN) class of 630/

1 250/2 500/5 000;
c) be supplied in 3 m/6 m/9 m/12 m/8 m

lengths.
The following optional tests shall apply:
a) determination of beam strength;
b) additional 48 h test for hydraulic leaks.
Unrestrained joints shall comprise a coupling

or bell-and-spigot gasket joint/ mechanical
coupling with an elastomeric seal.
Restrained joints shall comprise a coupling or

bell-and-spigot gasket joint /butt joint with
laminated overlay /a bell-and-spigot joint with
laminated overlay/ a bell-and-spigot joint, that
is adhesive-bonded/ a flanged joint, integral
or loose-ring.
The tolerance on the planarity of the flange

faces in flanged joints shall be …..
The elastomeric gaskets shall comply with the

requirements of ASTM F 477 or SANS 4633.
The additional marking shall be …..
30
SANS 2001-DP4:2010
Edition 1
1 2 3
Guidance notes
Consideration
number
PP pipes shall: 4.1.8 State pipe series and preference for lengths of
pipes and means of jointing, if not specified in the
a) be pipe series S20/S16/S14/S12,5/S10; drawings.
b) be supplied in …. m lengths.
PP pipes shall be joined together by means of

butt-welded joints/elastomeric sealing ring
socket joints/ flanged joints/ mechanical/
socket fusion/ ring seal compression/ electro-
welded sockets.
PE pipes shall 4.1.9 State designation of material, standard dimension
ratio, pipe lengths and type of jointing, if not
a) have a designation of PE 100/ PE 80/ specified in the drawings (see SANS 4427-2).
PE 63/ PE 40;
b) have a standard dimension ratio of 6/ 7,4/

9/ 11/ 13,6/ 17/ 21/ 26/ 33/41;
c) be supplied in lengths of …..m.

PE pipes shall be joined by butt fusion/ State preferences for jointing systems, if required.
electrofusion fittings/ductile iron/ mechanical
jointing systems.
Vitrified clay pipes shall comply with the 4.1.10 State which of the two standards applies.
requirements of SANS 559 or SANS 50295-1.
Vitrified clay pipes that comply with 4.1.10 State requirements if not specified in the drawings
SANS 559 shall (see SANS 559).
a) be supplied with / without sockets;
b) be a class 1 / 2 pipe;
c) have a nominal length of …. m.

Vitrified clay pipes that comply with 4.1.10 State pipe crushing strength if 150 mm diameter or
SANS 50295-1 shall less, and class of pipe if 200 mm diameter or
greater, if not specified in the drawings. State
a) have a crushing strength (FN) of 22 kN/m/ preferred length of pipe and joint type (see
28 kN/m/34 kN/m where the pipe diameter SANS 50295-1).
does not exceed 150 mm;
b) be a class L/95/120/160/ 200 pipe where

the diameter equals or exceeds 200 mm;
c) be supplied in …. m lengths.
The pipes shall have a spigot on one end and

a socket on the other end, and shall be
supplied with rubber sealing elements/
polyurethane sealing elements.
The pipes shall be plain ended and joined

by means of PP sleeve couplings.
31
SANS 2001-DP4:2010
Edition 1
1 2 3
Guidance notes
Consideration
number
Concrete pipes shall: 4.1.11.1 State type of pipe and type of joint, the D-load
designation and other relevant attributes. State
a) be reinforced/unreinforced; preferred lengths of pipes (see SANS 677).
b) be provided with spigot and sockets with

rolling rubber rings/ spigot and socket with
sliding rubber ring/ in-the-wall with rolling
rubber rings/ in-the-wall with sliding
rubber ring/ ogee/ butt joints;
c) be provided with an effective length of

……m;
d) have a non-standard cover of ……mm;
e) have a D-load designation of 25D/ 50D/

75D/ 100D;
f) have a low content of material insoluble in

hydrochloric acid;
g) be made using dolomite aggregate/

sulfate-resisting cement;
h) have a …. mm sacrificial layer.

The joints shall be flexible joints 4.1.11.2 Omit if not a specific requirement.
Masonry units shall have the following 4.1.12.1 Omit if default attributes are suitable or state what
attributes:……… the attributes should be.
Sectional spun concrete cylinders shall be 4.1.12.2 State whether precast concrete manhole sections
manufactured from dolomite aggregate. shall be constructed of dolomite aggregate.
Concrete shall be grade ….. 4.1.12.3.1 Omit if default grade is suitable or state what the
grade should be.
The aggregate shall be dolomite aggregate. 4.1.12.3.2 Omit if not a requirement.
Manhole covers and frames shall …… 4.1.12.5 Omit if default requirements are suitable or state
4.1.12.6 what the requirements should be.
Marker posts shall …… 4.1.13 State requirements or omit if shown in the drawings.
Welders shall be tested and certified in 4.3.7.2.4 Omit where not a requirement.
accordance with the requirements of 4.3.7.3.5
SANS 10269 and shall be in possession of a 4.3.7.4.2
valid test certificate.
Hot welding of PVC-U pipes is permitted. 4.3.7.4.1 Omit if not permitted.
Step irons in manholes are required. 4.4.4 Omit if not a requirement.
Masonry manholes shall be plastered 4.4.5.2 Omit if shown in the drawings or not required.
internally.
The location of connecting sewers shall be 4.7.3 Omit if not a requirement.
recorded.
The recording of …… is also required. State additional requirements, e.g. co-ordinates.
32
SANS 2001-DP4:2010
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Table A.2 (concluded)
1 2 3
Guidance notes
Consideration
number
An air test/ a water test/ a visual internal 5.3.1.4 State which tests are applicable.
inspection/ water drop down test is required.
Manholes shall be tested separately from 5.3.4 State if manholes shall be tested separately from
pipelines for watertightness. pipelines for watertightness.
Testing of PE assemblies is required. The 5.3.6 Omit if not a requirement or specify requirements.
specific requirements are……
Variations
State variations, if any.
Additional clauses
State additional clauses, if any.
Bibliography
SANS 2001-DP2, Construction works – Part DP2: Medium pressure pipelines.
© SABS
33
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SOUTH AFRICAN NATIONAL STANDARD

Part DP4: Sewers

Published by SABS Standards Division

This document was published in October 2010.

Annex A forms an integral part of this document.

2 Normative references ............................................................................................................. 3

4.1 Materials ....................................................................................................................... 6

5 Compliance with the requirements ......................................................................................... 24

Annex A (normative) Preparation of specification data associated with this part of

This page is intentionally left blank

SANS 227, Burnt clay masonry units.

SANS 559, Vitrified clay sewer pipes and fittings.

SANS 677, Concrete non-pressure pipes.

SANS 921, Pitch-impregnated fibre pipes and fittings and jointing.

SANS 1215, Concrete masonry units.

SANS 1294, Precast concrete manhole sections and components.

SANS 2001-CC1, Construction works – Part CC1: Concrete works (structural).

SANS 2001-CM1, Construction works – Part CM1: Masonry walling.

SANS 2001-EM1, Construction works – Part EM1: Cement plaster.

SANS 10268-1, Welding of thermoplastics – Welding processes – Part 1: Heated-tool welding.

SANS 10268-2, Welding of thermoplastics – Welding processes – Part 2: Electrofusion welding.

SANS 10268-5, Welding of thermoplastics – Welding processes – Part 5: Solvent welding.

SANS 10269, Welding of thermoplastics – Testing and approval of welders.

SANS 10403:2003, Formatting and compilation of construction procurement documents.

4.1.2 Pitch-impregnated fibre pipes and fittings

4.1.2.2 Couplings shall be made from a suitable polypropylene or polyethylene material.

4.1.3 Ductile iron pipes and fittings

4.1.4 Fibre-cement (FC) pipes and fittings

4.1.5 Unplasticized poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC-U) pipes and fittings

4.1.6 Structured wall PVC-U pipes and fittings

4.1.7 Glass-fibre-reinforced thermosetting plastics (GRP) pipes and jointing systems

4.1.8 Polypropylene (PP) pipes and fittings

4.1.9 Polyethylene (PE) pipes and fittings

a) electrofusion fittings that comply with the requirements of SANS 4427-3;

4.1.9.2 PE pipes shall not be supplied and stored in coils.

4.1.10 Vitrified clay pipes and fittings

4.1.11 Reinforced concrete pipes and fittings

4.1.12 Manholes and chambers

4.1.12.1 Masonry and plaster

4.1.12.2 Prefabricated cylinders

a) overall width: 150 mm

b) overall thickness: 0,3 mm

c) tensile strength: 15 MPa (minimum)

d) elongation at break: 300 %

e) adhesion to steel: 1,5 N/mm of width (minimum)

f) adhesion to self: 1,0 N/mm of width (minimum)

Chamber and shaft sections Reducer and adaptor slabs

Figure 1 — Precast concrete manhole for sewer

4.1.12.4 Step irons

4.1.12.5 Cast iron manhole covers and frames

4.1.12.6 Polymer concrete manhole and inspection covers and frames

a) light duty class where wheeled vehicles have no access;

c) heavy duty class where heavy commercial vehicles have access.

4.1.13 Marker posts

4.2 General construction

a) Steep drops in drains

b) Spacing of anchor blocks

Figure 2 — Anchor blocks on slopes steeper than 1:10 and

Figure 3 — Protection of pipes at reduced depth

Pipes shall be so cut as to obtain a clean and square end.

4.3.4 Pipes of different materials

4.3.5 Sewers to be kept clean