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Il sliuf y il jbnjrmjflf sj vjb lnjatlfks pkr m÷itcpijs nlatkrjs lqujiiks rjilackblfks akb il mlil
sliuf, ub nlatkr fj rcjsok, js ubl alrlatjrístcal, akbfcacñb k akmpkrtlmcjbtk quj lumjbtl il
prkhlhcicflf fj akbtrljr ubl jbnjrmjflf k sunrcr ubl ijscñb
• akbfuatl
• Ncsckiñocak
• Fjmkorìncaks
• Mjfck lmhcjbtlijs
•
Ojbãtcaks
Iks nlatkrjs fj rcjsoks tcpk akbfuatuli sujijb jstlr rjilackblfks akb laackbjs quj ji sugjtk l
jijocfk rjliczlr pkr ik tlbtk pujfjb jicmcblrsj k rjfuacrsj mjfclbtj jijaackbjs fj jstcik fj vcfl k
fj akbfuatl.
Tkr jgjmpik
• Ji tlhlqucsmk
• Ji akbsumk jxajscvk liak`ki
• Ils jijaackbjs butrcackbli
• Il cblatcvcflf níscal
• Bk `lhjrsj vlaublfk akb fjtjrmcblfls jbnjrmjflfjs
• Mlbtjbjr rjilackbjs sjxulijs scb prktjaacñb
• vckilacñb
Iks pkstuilfks ajbtrlijs fji jbnkquj fj rcjsok pilbtjlb quj (Mlfflijbk, @krwctz, Glrl,
Nikrjbzlbk, Qlilzlr, <30?)7
sjfjbtlrcl, tlhlqucsmk. Lsí mcsmk, il cbvjstcolacñb fjmujstrl il orlb cbniujbacl quj pujfj tjbjr
akmk nlatkr fj rcjsok il prjsjbacl fj lio÷b trlstkrbk pscqucìtrcak fj ub nlmciclr, ji hlgk bcvji
skackjakbñmcak, il lutkjstcml hlgl, il sjplrlacñb y fcvkrack fj iks plfrjs, il vckijbacl li cbtjrckr
fj il nlmcicl, ils fcncauitlfjs fj akmubcalacñb k il nlitl fj prkyjatk fj vcfl, pkr bkmhrlr lioubks.
Vkfks iks cbvjstcolfkrjs akcbacfjb jb quj `ly ubl muitcpicacflf fj nlatkrjs quj cbtjrvcjbjb jb il
prkfuaacñb fj akbfuatls fj rcjsok jb cbfcvcfuks k orupks5 jb jstj fkaumjbtk y akb ncbjs
fcfìatcaks ik rjvcslrjmks l bcvji cbfcvcfuli y nlmciclr.
Iks nlatkrjs fj rcjsok cbfcvcfuli skb iks quj fjpjbfjb fj il pjrskbl, fj sus alrlatjrístcals
cbfcvcfulijs y sjo÷b jiik sj pujfjb fcstcboucr7
Nlatkrjs hckiñocaks fjtjrmcblfks pkr il `jrjbacl, js fjacr, iks lbtjajfjbtjs nlmciclrjs fj
jbnjrmjflfjs akb ailrk akmpkbjbtj `jrjfctlrck.
Il jtlpl fji fjslrrkiik jb quj sj jbaujbtrl jb ji acaik vctli cbfcvcfuli, yl quj `ly jtlpls,
akmk pkr jgjmpik il lfkijsajbacl, jb quj il vuibjrlhcicflf nrjbtj l fjtjrmcblfks tjmls js
mlykr (akbsumk fj frkols, laacfjbtjs).
Alrlatjrístcals pscakiñocals, jb jspjacli fj pjrskblicflf, akmk pkr jgjmpik pjrskbls muy
tímcfls, cmpuiscvls k akb hlgl tkijrlbacl l il nrustrlacñb.
Alrlatjrístcals skaclijs tlijs akmk jsalsls `lhcicflfjs skaclijs k akbnicatk plrl rjscstcr il
prjscñb fj iks plrjs.
Zb mkfjik fj arjjbacls y latctufjs hlslfk jb su prkpcl jsalil fj vlikrjs.
Trjsjbacl fj rlsoks pscakpltkiñocaks jb il pjrskbl, akmk pkr jgjmpik lbscjflf k
fjprjscñb.
Akb rjilacñb l iks nlatkrjs fj rcjsok nlmciclr, jbtjbfcjbfk akmk tlijs l iks quj fjpjbfjb fji
jbtkrbk skacli mìs cbmjfcltk fji cbfcvcfuk, akb ji auli sj rjilackbl, cbniuyj y js cbniuífk pkr ji,
pkfjmks fjstlalr jb prcmjr iuolr y akmk b÷aijk ajbtrli fji fjslrrkiik lnjatcvk y skacli l il
il prkpcl
nlmcicl, y añmk jiil pujfj iijolr l sjr ub nlatkr fj rcjsok plrl sus cbtjorlbtjs. Tkfjmks rjsumcriks
akmk7
Hlgl ak`jscñb nlmciclr, jbtjbfcfl akmk jsalsl vcbauilacñb jmkackbli jbtrj iks mcjmhrks
fj il nlmcicl5 jstk cbaiuyj pkal ajralbíl, pkak akmprkmcsk nlmciclr y pkak tcjmpk
akmplrtcfk.
Hlgl lflptlhcicflf, jbtjbfcfl akmk il jsalsl `lhcicflf fji scstjml nlmciclr plrl lflptlrsj
jb nubacñb fj ils fjmlbfls sctulackblijs k fji fjslrrkiik.
Aicml lnjatcvk cblfjaulfk5 ub aicml nlmciclr akbnicatcvk (fcsausckbjs, rupturl nlmciclr) k
akb pkak lnjatk, akb fcncauitlf fj akmubcalacñb, pkak akbtlatk y nlitl fj tjrburl, pujfj
iijolr l sjr fj rcjsok plrl sus mcjmhrks.
Ji jstcik jfualtcvk nlmciclr5 aulbfk iks `cgks arjajb scb ub akbtrki lfjaulfk, yl sjl pkr
lusjbacl fj fcsacpicbl (plfrjs jxajscvlmjbtj pjrmcscvks) k pkrquj fjhjb laltlr bkrmls
ríocfls y lrhctrlrcls (plfrjs lutkrctlrcks), tjbfrìb fcncauitlf plrl cbtjrbliczlr tlijs bkrmls
Akbsumk fj frkols jb ji lmhcjbtj nlmciclr5 sc iks `cgks vjb quj iks plfrjs k `jrmlbks
mlykrjs numlb plrl rjilglrsj k hjhjb plrl fcvjrtcrsj, lprjbfjrìb l ikorlr fj il mcsml
nkrml jstks jnjatks lb`jilfks.
Sl nujrl fji ìmhctk nlmciclr, pjrk jb su jbtkrbk skacli ajralbk, iks nlatkrjs fj rcjsok quj sj
`lb cfjbtcncalfk l bcvji fj jsaujil, trlhlgk y akmubcflf skb7
Jstks ÷itcmks skb lmhcjbtjs jb quj il pjrskbl sj jbaujbtrl jb akbstlbtj cbtjrlaacñb5 sc sj vujivjb
`kstcijs rjprjsjbtlb rcjsok. Lsí tlmhcãb js slhcfk quj il nlitl fj jsplacks y rjfjs fj lpkyk p
pujfjb
ujfjb
akbvjrtcrsj jb ub rcjsok, pujs rjstlb kpkrtubcflfjs fj
f j fjslrrkiik.
Tlrl tjrmcblr, scjmprj jb bujstrl vcfl fjhjmks ajbtrlrbks mìs jb il prktjaacñb quj jb ji rcjsok,
y jstk hlslfk jb iks scoucjbtjs pkstuilfks7
\uj iks nlatkrjs prktjatkrjs pujfjb akmpjbslr, yl sjl tktli k plraclimjbtj l iks nlatkrjs
fj rcjsok.
\uj ji jbnrjbtlmcjbtk jxctksk akb ji jstrãs fjsfj il jtlpl fj il cbnlbacl y l trlvãs fji acaik
vctli, akbtrchuyj li fjslrrkiik pjrskbli pksctcvk y li lutkaucflfk.
S quj il prkmkacñb fj il sliuf pujfj sjr pkschij scb orlbfjs rjaursks, y ik
ikorlbfk
orlbfk jxctksks
rjsuitlfks.
prjsjbtjs.
Mlralfkrjs fj rcjsok7 skb vlrclhijs fj pjrskbl, pkr tlbtk jbfñojbls, quj bk skb akbtrkilhijs
y fjncbjb l iks cbfcvcfuks plrtcauilrmjbtj vuibjrlhijs. Qjülilb ub lumjbtk fji rcjsok fj
plfjajr il jbnjrmjflf lubquj bk tcjbjb cbniujbacl fcrjatl jb su prkfuaacñb (jflf, sjxk).
Qj vcbauilb cbfcrjatlmjbtj akb ub jnjatk k flük l il sliuf, bk jxcstjb rjilackbjs jvcfjbtjs
fj aluslicflf y skik `ly
`l y lskaclackbjs jstlfístcals.
Ailscncalacñb fj iks nlatkrjs fj rcjsok.
Iks nlatkrjs fj rcjsok sj pujfjb ailscncalr jb7
<. Cbfcvcfulijs7 cb`jrjbtjs li cbfcvcfuk, rjilackblfks akb su jstcik fj vcfl quj ij ktkrol
ub orlfk vlrclhij fj susajptchcicflf plrl lfqucrcr jbnjrmjflf, flük k mujrtj. Zb rcjsok
cbfcvcfuli cbfcal il prkhlhcicflf fj ub cbfcvcfuk, fj fjslrrki
fjslrrkiilr
ilr il jbnjrmjflf.
8. Akijatcvks k lmhcjbtlijs7 skb iks quj lnjatlb akmubcflfjs, orupks skaclijs k
lmhcjbtjs. Zb rcjsok akijatcvk mcfj il prkpkracñb fj ils pjrskbls quj `lb fjslrrkiilfk ubl
jbnjrmjflf fjtjrmcblfl.
Jstks pujfjb sjr sjo÷b7
l) Blturlijzl7 níscaks, químcaks, hckiñocaks k pscakskaclijs. Jb rjilacñb akb njbñmjbks fj
jsks tcpks quj pujflb sjr nlatkrjs fj rcjsok jb il akmubcflf.
h) Akmpkbjbtjs jakiñocaks quj cbtjrvcjbjb jb ji prkajsk akmk loul, sujik, lcrj, licmjbtks
y lojbtjs hckiñocaks.
jb7
l) Qñicfks7
• Mjtlijs y mjtlikcfjs7 Tikmk, mlbol
mlbolbjsk,
bjsk, mjraurck.
• Tkivks7 skb plrtíauils fcspjrsls, fj tlmlük jbtrj < y <:4 mcarñmjtrks. Iks pkivks pujfjb
sjr7
Tkivks jb plrtíauils cbkroìbcals7 Qíicaj, lshjstk
Tkivks jb plrtíauils kroìbcaks7 Alnã, tlhlak, hlolzk.
• @umks7 skb prkfuatk fj akbfjbslacñb fj olsjs rjsuitlbtjs fj vkiltciczlacñb fj mjtlijs y
akmhustckbjs cbakmpijtls. Mcfjb jbtrj 4,<4 l < mcarñmjtrks
mcarñmjtrks
h) Iíqucfks7
Fcskivjbtjs kroìbcaks7
@cfrkalrhurks lrkmìtcaks.
@cfrkalrhurks aikrlfks.
Ajtkbls.
Liak`kijs, jta.
Tiloucacfls7
Krolbcaknksnkrlfks.
Krolbcakaikrlfks.
_lrnlríbcaks, jta.
Bcjhils k bjhicbls7 sj arjlb aulbfk iks iíqucfks skb ltkmczlfks k rkaclfks, skb
fcspjrsckbjs fj iíqucfk jb ji lcrj prkfuacfls pkr ub jnjatk mjaìbcak.
Xkaíks7 js il fcspjrscñb fj iíqucfks jb ji lcrj prkfuacfls pkr ub njbñmjbk fj
akbfjbslacñb li fcsmcbucr il tjmpjrlturl.
a) Olsjs7
Mkbñxcfk fj alrhkbk.
f) Ljrkskijs.
j) ^lpkrjs.
Xcjsoks Hckiñocaks7 js il prjsjbacl fj ub kr
krolbcsmk
olbcsmk k sustlbacl fjrcvl fj ub kro
krolbcsmk
lbcsmk quj
pilbtjl ubl lmjblzl l il sliuf `umlbl.
Hlatjrcls.
^crus.
@kboks.
Trktkzkks.
Tlrìsctks.
Lbcmlijs.
Tilbtls.
Mlbcpuilacñb fj slborj u ktrls mujstrls hckiñocals, jta.
Xcjsoks Tscak-skaclijs7 skb lqujiiks quj prkfuajb rjlaackbjs pscakiñocals, fj akmpkrtlmcjbtk y
níscals quj pujfjb cbniucr jb il sliuf `umlbl.
Jstrãs.
Nltcol.
Mkbktkbíl.
@lstík psíqucak.
Laksk.
^ckijbacl, jta.
Ktrls ailscncalackbjs fj iks nlatkrjs fj rcjsok skb7
Qjxk.
Lbtjajfjbtjs pltkiñocaks pjrskblijs.