Rencana Undang – Undang

Kepariwisataan
Muhammad Dhaifan Akbar
Auckland University of Technology
(AUT)
Destinasi
Pariwisata??
Destination “Places towards which people travel and

Terminology
where they choose to stay for a while in
order to experience certain features or
characteristic” (Leiper, 1995)
-Demand Side-

“Amalgams of tourism products and

services which exclusively produced and
offer to the potential customer as an
integrated experience” (Buhalis, 2000)
-Supply Side-
Knowledge Based
Destination

Destination is - value networks of

competencies that co-ordinate complex
social stakeholder constellations and
resource configurations to deliver and
mediate co-created tourist experiences.
(Fuchs, Abadzhiev, Svensson, Höpken, and
Lexhagen, 2013)
Teknologi
Informasi dan
Kepariwisataan
Perkembangan Adopsi TIK
dalam Kepariwisataan

eTourism era (1990-2005) – digitalisasi prsoses servis -

Web 1.0, Web-based platform - internet

Web 2.0 era (2005-2015) – Interactivity – User Generated

Content (UGC)

Web 3.0 or the semantic web (2015 -) - Smart Tourism –

bigdata, cloud & mobile technology.

Ambient Intelligence ( AmI) Tourism (2020-future) –

Automation – AI, machine learning, IoT, IoE etc

Metaverse?

Buhalis, 2020
 E-Tourism Smart Tourism
Sphere digital Bridging digital & physical

E-tourism VS Core
technology
websites Sensors & smartphones

Smart Tourism Travel phase Pre & post travel During trip

Lifeblood information Big data

Paradigm interactivity Technology-mediated co-

creation

Structure Value ecosystem

chain/intermediaries

Exchange B2B, B2C, C2C Public-private-consumer

collaboration

Gretzel et al., 2015

Revisi UU no. 10 tahun
2009
Pelajaran dari Covid-19

Pelaksanaan kepariwisataan masih belum “ sustainable”.

Pertanyaannya : kembali ke normal atau “re-imagine” pariwisata

Saran:
Kembali kepada prinsip pemanfaatan pariwisata – dampak langsung kepada
masyarakat lokal
Pemanfaatan teknologi – Membahas paradigma penggunaan teknologi (TIK)
dalam pariwisata dalam jangka panjang.
New Zealand
Tourism

Tiaki means to care for people,

place and culture.

The Tiaki Promise is a commitment

to care for New Zealand, for now
and for future generations.
Pengelolaan
Country Region / Province Urban Area Sub Region
Singapore Penang, Malaysia Wheeling, USA Ha Long Bay, Vietnam

Pengembangan
Bermuda Sabah, Malaysia Bundaberg, Australia Luang Prabang, Laos
Cook Islands Malacca, Malaysia Kyoto, Kansai, Japan. Vipavska dolina, Slovenia
Palau Hanoi, Vietnam Erfurt, Germany Lička Plješivica, Croatia

Teknologi Informasi Jordan Oregon, United State. Pietermaritzburg, South

African.
Saranda, Albania

untuk Pariwisata
Yap Saskatchewan, Canada Fernie, Canada. Raja Ampat, Indonesia
Timor Leste Durham, the UK Campbell River, Canada Corn Islands, Nicaragua
Perak, Malaysia Ann Arbor, USA El Nido, Palawan, Philippines

Yogyakarta, Indonesia Itacare, Brazil El Hierro, Canary Island, Spain

British Columbia, Canada Dubai, UAE Banyuwangi, Indonesia

Organisasi Manajemen DMS/website
Apulia, Italy Toronto, Canada Great Barrier Island, New
30 Zealand
25 Azores, Portugal Hanoi, Vietnam The Catlins, New Zealand
20 Bonaire, Netherland Glasgow, the UK Atauro Island, East Timor
15
Jeju Island, Republic of Koh Yao, Thailand
10 Korea
5 Nara, Japan
0
Government DMO or NGO Private Local Tourism
Sahara, Marocco
Structural Body Government Company & Stakeholder Wakatobi, Indonesia
owned DMO Group
corporation Toraja, Indonesia

Government Non-Government
British Columbia
(Fernie, Campbell
River, etc)
Home - Destination BC - Destination BC

Destination British Columbia (Destination

BC) is a Provincially funded, industry-led
Crown corporation that supports a strong
and competitive future for BC’s tourism
industry through a combination of global
marketing, destination development,
industry learning, cooperative community-
based programs, and visitor servicing.
 Kyoto City Official
Travel Guide
https://kyoto.travel/en/
Smartness Dimension

1. Hard Smartness – Technological dimension, including software and

hardware
2. Soft Smartness - Non-technological dimension, including innovation; social
capital; human capital; and leadership

(Boes et al., 2015)

Apakah yang harus berubah.

Leadership is the most significant driver for technology adoption and needs to ensure
that there is a positive balance .
(Buhalis, 2020)
Informasi Teknologi Platform (DMS), harus beradaptasi dengan kebutuhan dan
kepasitas masyarkat lokal untuk memudahkan masayrakat lokal.

Saran:
Membuat sebuah solusi manajemen yang flexible untuk destinasi tingkat lokal ataupun
daerah.
Terima Kasih

Contact:
Email: Dhaifan.akbar@aut.ac.nz
WA: +64212993185
Referensi:

Boes, K., Buhalis, D., & Inversini, A. (2016). Smart tourism destinations: ecosystems for tourism
destination competitiveness. International Journal of Tourism Cities, 2(2), 108 –124. https://doi-
org.ezproxy.aut.ac.nz/10.1108/IJTC -12-2015-0032
Buhalis, D. (2000). Marketing the competitive destination of the future. Tourism Management, 21(1), 97 -
116–116. https://doi-org.ezproxy.aut.ac.nz/10.1016/S0261 -5177(99)00095-3
Buhalis, D. (2020). Technology in tourism -from information communication technologies to eTourism and
smart tourism towards ambient intelligence tourism: a perspective article. Tourism Review , 75 (1), 267–
272. https://doi-org.ezproxy.aut.ac.nz/10.1108/TR -06-2019-0258
Fuchs, M., Abadzhiev, A., Svensson, B., Höpken, W., & Lexhagen, M. (2013). A knowledge destination
framework for tourism sustainability: A business intelligence application from Sweden. Tourism
(13327461), 61(2), 121 –148.
Gretzel, U., Werthner, H., Koo, C., & Lamsfus, C. (2015). Conceptual foundations for understanding smart
tourism ecosystems. Computers in Human Behavior, 50, 558-563–563. https://doi-
org.ezproxy.aut.ac.nz/10.1016/j.chb.2015.03.043
Leiper, N. (1995) Tourism Management, TAFE Publications, Collingwood, Victoria.