GROUP 4 (Week 3) - STS

BATAAN PENINSULA STATE UNIVERSITY
BALANGA CAMPUS
BALANGA CAMPUS
Don Manuel
Don Manuel Banzon
Banzon Ave.,
Ave. Poblacion,
Poblacion (047) 237-1480
City Balanga,
City of Balanga Bataan
Bataan (047) 613-5103 www.bpsu.edu
2100 Philippines
2100 Philippines www.bpsu.edu.ph Email Address
COLLEGE OF BUSINESS AND ACCOUNTANCY
STS – WEEK 3 (GROUP 4)

Leader:
Opto, Zyrah Joy G.
Members:
Papasin, Cyrus Dale S.
Obispado, Jade D.
Medina, Roma
Morallos, Maria Bea
Manguil, Alisa Mae
Lipata, Regine Grace
Macalinao, Jessica
Linao, Angela Kaye
Activity Sheet
MY SCIENTIST
1. Search for a Scientist that captures your attention (from a high school science class
or just from this current search).
2. Describe the detail that makes you decide to feature this scientist.
Question: What particular old knowledge or invention was outdated by this scientist
due to his discovery or invention?
Sir Isaac Newton
Our Vision Our Mission

A leading university in the Philippines recognized for its proactive To develop competitive graduates and empowered community members by providing
contribution to Sustainable Development through equitable and relevant, innovative and transformative knowledge, research, extension and production
inclusive programs and services by 2030. programs and services through progressive enhancement of its human resources
capabilities and institutional mechanism.
BALANGA CAMPUS
BALANGA CAMPUS
Don Manuel
Don Manuel Banzon
Banzon Ave.,
Ave. Poblacion,
Poblacion (047) 237-1480
City Balanga,
2100 Philippines
On January 4, 1643, Newton was born in Wools Thorpe, Lincolnshire, England.
When using the "old" Julian calendar, Newton's birth date is typically given as
December 25, 1642. He is a physicist and mathematician, is understood for developing
the principles of recent physics, including the laws of motion, during the 17th-century
Scientific Revolution. Naturalis Philosophiae the one most influential book on physics,
Principia Mathematica (Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy), was
published in 1687. In 1705, Queen Anne of England knighted him, making him Sir
Mathematician. Isaac Newton changed the way we understand the Universe. Revered
in his own lifetime. Sometimes called the father of modern science, Isaac Newton
revolutionized our understanding of our world.
He was a real Renaissance man with accomplishments in several fields,
including astronomy, physics and mathematics. Newton gave us new theories on
gravity, planetary motion and optics. The Newtonian telescope, also called the
Newtonian reflector or just the Newtonian, is a type of reflecting telescope invented
by the English physicist Sir Isaac Newton, using a concave primary mirror and a flat
diagonal secondary mirror.
ASSESSMENT
TIMELINE OF INTELLECTUAL REVOLUTIONS
Create a small group (5-6 members).

Create a timeline of the scientific revolutions from the Renaissance to the Industrial
Revolution. You may try mobile applications that can generate 3D format of timelines.
Upload the output to your group’s blog and to the assigned LMS of the course.
1462 - One of the major publications of Renaissance natural philosophy, the Epitome
of Ptolemy's Almagest appears; the authors, Georg Peurbach (1423-1461) and
Johannes Regiomontanus (1436-1476), symbolize a shift from reverence for
Ptolemy and antiquity to respect coupled with confident innovation.

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BALANGA CAMPUS
Don Manuel
Don Manuel Banzon
Banzon Ave.,
Ave. Poblacion,
Poblacion (047) 237-1480
City Balanga,
2100 Philippines
1469 - Publication of the highly influential Corpus Hermeticum, a collection of
writings (we now know) to have been written in the early Christian era but then
thought to have been written with great authority by Hermes Trismegistus
(perhaps Thoth or Moses) living c.1800 BC.
1472 - Georg Peurbach's New Theory of the Planets (1454) sought to reconcile
geometric descriptive models for predicting planetary motions by employing
homocentric (nested concentric) celestial spheres.
1482 - First printed edition of “Euclid’s Elements”
1486 - The Malleus Malificarum (The Hammer of the Witches) is published as an
influential guidebook to identifying witches and bringing them to punishment.
1494 - Giovanni Pico della Mirandola (1463-1494) attacks practical magic, especially,
astrology, as it calls into questions traditional notions of human free will; this
concern underscores longstanding issues associated with the Condemnations
of 1270 and 1277 which seems to have undermined the authority of Aristotle.
1522 - Ferdinand Magellan famously completes the first circumnavigation of the
globe.
1530 - Girolamo Fracastoro (1475-1553) provides one of the first descriptions of a new
disease in a work entitled Syphilis, or the French Disease. As an aside, the
Italians called it the French disease, the French called it Italian disease.
1543 - Nicolaus Copernicus published “On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres”,
which advanced the heliocentric theory of cosmology. Heliocentric Theory (the
sun was the center of the solar system) sparked the Scientific Revolution and
new ways of thinking. Andreas Vesalius published “De Humani Corporis
Fabrica” or “On the Structure of the Human Body”. He found that the
circulation of blood resolved from pumping of the heart. He also assembled the
first human skeleton from cutting open corpses.
1551 - Erasmus Reinhold published the Tabulae prutenicae or “Prutenic Tables”.
1561 - Gabriele Falloppio (1523-1562) announces his discovery of the fallopian tubes
in his Anatomical Observations.

BALANGA CAMPUS
BALANGA CAMPUS
Don Manuel
Don Manuel Banzon
Banzon Ave.,
Ave. Poblacion,
Poblacion (047) 237-1480
City Balanga,
2100 Philippines
1598 - Tycho Brahe’s book Astronomiae instauratae mechanica.
1600 - The Scientific Method (Accurate ways of proving, testing, and gathering
theories in the field of science) William Gilbert published “De Magnete,
Magneticisque Corporibus et de Magno Magnete Tellure” or “On the Magnet,
Magnetic Bodies, and the Great Magnet of the Earth”. This laid the foundations
of a theory of magnetism and electricity.
1609 - Joahnnes Kepler published the first two of his three laws of planetary motion.
“Kepler’s Laws of Planetary Motion”. These laws include that the orbit of every
planet is an ellipse with the Sun at one of the two foci, that a line joining a planet
and the Sun sweeps out equal areas during equal intervals of time, and that the
square of the orbital period of a planet is directly proportional to the cube of a
semi-major axis of its orbit.
1610 - Galileo Galilei published “The Starry Messenger”, about the discoveries of the
Moon’s surface, stars invisible to the naked eye, and differences between the
appearances of planets and fixed stars.
1620 - Sir Francis Bacon published “Novum Organum”, this outlined a new system of
logic based on the process of reduction, which he offered as an improvement
over Aristotlle’s philosophical process of syllogism. This contributed to the
development of what became known as the scientific method.
1630 - Galileo Publishes Dialogue On The Two Chief Systems Of The World Galileo's
magnum opus uses the laws of physics to refute the Aristotelian contention that
the Earth is the center of the solar system and supports the heliocentric
Copernican view. Galileo presents the doctrine of uniformity, which claims that
the laws of terrestrial physics are no different than the laws of celestial physics.
1650 - “The Law of Gravity”. This theory made of the findings of Copernicus, Kepler,
Galileo. It opened more possibilities to exploring the scientific knowledge on
the world and how it functioned with other unknown forces.
1661 - Robert Boyle’s Discoveries in Chemistry, he is the founder of modern chemistry
(He changed the idea of the elements that made the earth.
BALANGA CAMPUS
BALANGA CAMPUS
Don Manuel
Don Manuel Banzon
Banzon Ave.,
Ave. Poblacion,
Poblacion (047) 237-1480
City Balanga,
2100 Philippines
From earth, air, fire, and water to the proposal that matter were made of smaller
particles that joined up in different ways, which led to the discovery of atoms
and a more complex understanding of the reason and workings of the world.
1665 - In Paris the Journal des Sçavans is published for the first time, the first journal
to feature scientific news, reviews and summaries of book, eulogies, and
occasional editorials. The first publication of the Philosophical Transactions of
London, were initiated as a private venture by Henry Oldenburg.
1666 - Isaac Newton’s prisms experiment in theory of colors gives contribution to
optics. Newton upset the traditional theory of colors by demonstrating in an
impressive set of experiments that white light is a mixture out of which
separate beams of colored light can be separated. He associated different
degrees of irrefrangibility with rays of different color, and in this manner, he
was able to explain the way prisms produce spectra of color from white light.
1687 - Newton published the Principia Mathematica; the book describes the laws of
the universe where almost everything can be explained with mathematical
calculations.
1704 - Isaac Newton (1642-1727) publishes the first edition of his Opticks, based on
work done during his days a Cambridge, including a series of speculations
about nature and natural philosophy under enumerated as "Queries"
1750 - The second law was put into its modern form F = ma (where a is acceleration)
by the Swiss mathematician Leonhard Euler. In this form, it is clear that the rate
of change of velocity is directly proportional to the force acting on a body and
inversely proportional to its mass.
1859 - Charles Darwin, an English naturalist, biologist, and geologist, published his
book, On the Origin of Species. In this book, he introduces the theory of
evolution- postulating that the various types of plants, animals, and other
living things on Earth have their origin in other preexisting types and that the
distinguishable differences are due to modifications in successive generations.

BALANGA CAMPUS
BALANGA CAMPUS
Don Manuel
Don Manuel Banzon
Banzon Ave.,
Ave. Poblacion,
Poblacion (047) 237-1480
City Balanga,
2100 Philippines
ASSIGNMENT
Search for other scientific revolutions that occurred in the following locations.
a. Meso-America
➢ Civilization in Mesoamerica develops and collapses in a regular way. As
a result, credit for numerous ideas and successes was attributed to many
different organizations. For example, the Maya shaman group devised
cosmological and mathematical systems. Another example was the use
of three calendars: solar, ceremonial, and long count. They also gave
proof that zero exists as a number. Other major Mesoamerican scientific
Revolutions included their belief in the cycles of planets and celestial
animals like the sun and moon, as well as the construction of
observatories to help in agricultural and construction calculations. These
were also the periods when "maize," or corn, was developed, and it has
since become one of the most extensively grown crops in the world.
Another invention that had a huge influence on our planet at this time
was rubber.
b. Asia
➢ In Asia, science and technology differ from nation to country and across
time. The civilizations of India, China, and West Asia have made the
most important contributions to science and technology in the past.
Currently, the most eye-catching country in Asia in terms of technical
and scientific achievements is Japan, which is particularly well-known
for its electronics and automotive goods. China and India have re-
emerged as important producers to science and technology in recent
years.

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BALANGA CAMPUS
Don Manuel
Don Manuel Banzon
Banzon Ave.,
Ave. Poblacion,
Poblacion (047) 237-1480
City Balanga,
2100 Philippines
c. Middle East
➢ From the ninth through the fourteenth century, the Islamic golden era
witnessed so many life-changing innovations that they spread across the
whole Muslim empire, from western India in the east to Spain and
Portugal in the west (Iberia peninsula). Among these developments
were Arabic numerals, which are still used today, as well as algebra and
algorithms (which are used in all of the programming languages today).
Major advances in chemistry and astrology (as well as astronomy) were
accomplished as a result of the efforts of scientists during this time
period. The Arabic word "Kimya'a" is the source of the English term
"chemistry." During this time, the first hospital was also built.
d. Africa
➢ Astronomical discoveries can be traced back to several ancient African

societies. Many of them are still fundamentals, and some are so far ahead
of their time that their method of discovery is unknown. The Egyptians
kept track of the sun's movement, as well as the constellations and lunar
cycle. Throughout the year, they split the year into 12 halves and created
a 365-day and 14-day calendar system. Use a sundial-style clock and a
clock with running water. Around 300 BC, the African Stonehenge was
constructed. It is a fairly accurate calendar in Kenya today. Mali's Dogon
tribe has amassed a vast amount of precise astronomical observation
data. Despite the fact that Dogon culture is steeped in a history of rites
based on various cosmic occurrences, many of their findings are so far
ahead of their time that some historians now ascribe them to aliens or
undiscovered European visitors. The Dogon are familiar with Saturn's
rings, Jupiter's moons, the Milky Way's spiral structure, and the Sirius
system's orbit. From hundreds of years ago till 1990, they precisely
traced the orbits in this system. They understood the system had a main
star and a companion star (now known as Sirius) that was so dense it
could not be seen with the naked eye.

BALANGA CAMPUS
BALANGA CAMPUS
Don Manuel
Don Manuel Banzon
Banzon Ave.,
Ave. Poblacion,
Poblacion (047) 237-1480
City Balanga,
2100 Philippines
Enhancement Activity.
BENEFITS OF SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION
What benefit/s does scientific revolution provided to humanity?
➢ The Scientific Revolution promoted the development per individual
because it proved the potential of the human mind, the ability of
scientists to reach their own findings During the Scientific Revolution,
many instruments were invented such as the microscope, barometer,
and thermometer. These new inventions helped confirm that
experiments could prove theories. These instruments helped to discover
the Mathematics, physics, astronomy, biology, and chemistry all
benefited from the scientific revolution, that we been using as of the
present that emphasized systematic experimentation as the most valid
study method. These advancements shifted society's perspective on
nature.
Generalization.
1. What causes intellectual revolutions?
➢ Intellectual revolution causes the spread of ideas concerning natural and
human rights. It is the introduction of new concepts such as popular
sovereignty. It transforms societies through critical-thinking, evaluation,
and creating appropriate rules for equal opportunity. Also, it is a
continuous process of development to achieve the needs of society. The
collaborations of great minds make the world peaceful and progressive.
It helps humanity acquire wisdom, wisdom being the capacity to realize,
apprehend and create what is value in life, for oneself and others,
wisdom thus including knowledge and technological know-how but
much else besides.

BALANGA CAMPUS
BALANGA CAMPUS
Don Manuel
Don Manuel Banzon
Banzon Ave.,
Ave. Poblacion,
Poblacion (047) 237-1480
City Balanga,
2100 Philippines
2. What are the different intellectual revolutions observed throughout time?
• Copernican Revolution
• Darwinian Revolution
• Freudian Revolution
• Information Revolution
• Industrial Revolution
3. What is scientific revolution?
➢ Scientific Revolution is a drastic change in scientific thought that took
place during the 16th and 17th centuries. A new view of nature emerged
during the Scientific Revolution, replacing the Greek view that had
dominated science for almost 2,000 years. Science became an
autonomous discipline, distinct from both philosophy and technology,
and it came to be regarded as having utilitarian goals.
4. What is age of enlightenment?
➢ The Age of Enlightenment also known as the Age of Reason or simply
the Enlightenment, was an intellectual and philosophical movement
that dominated the world of ideas in Europe during the 18th century
and is known as a time period of great change and new ideas. The
Enlightenment included a range of ideas centered on the pursuit of
happiness, sovereignty of reason, and the evidence of the senses as the
primary sources of knowledge and advanced ideals such as liberty,
progress, toleration, fraternity, constitutional government, and
separation of church and state. The Enlightenment has its roots in a
European intellectual and scholarly movement known as Renaissance
humanism and was also preceded by the Scientific Revolution and the
work of Francis Bacon, among others.

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BALANGA CAMPUS
Don Manuel
Don Manuel Banzon
Banzon Ave.,
Ave. Poblacion,
Poblacion (047) 237-1480
City Balanga,
2100 Philippines
5. What is industrial revolutions?
➢ Industrial Revolution in modern history is the process of change from
an agrarian and handicraft economy to one, dominated by industry and
machine manufacturing. These technological changes introduced novel
ways of working and living and fundamentally transformed society.
This process began in Britain in the 18th century and from there spread
to other parts of the world. Although used earlier by French writers, the
term Industrial Revolution was first popularized by the English
economic historian Arnold Toynbee (1852–83) to describe Britain’s
economic development from 1760 to 1840. Since Toynbee’s time the term
has been more broadly applied as a process of economic transformation
than as a period of time in a particular setting. This explains why some
areas, such as China and India, did not begin their first industrial
revolutions until the 20th century, while others, such as the United
States and western Europe, began undergoing “second” industrial
revolutions by the late 19th century.
Application
SURVEY ON GENERAL AWARENESS ABOUT 4TH
INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
Create a small group of 5-6 members
Conduct a questionnaire-based survey in your locale, to examine general
awareness about 4th industrial revolution concepts.
Interpret the results.
Upload the result of the survey to the assigned

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BALANGA CAMPUS
Don Manuel
Don Manuel Banzon
Banzon Ave.,
Ave. Poblacion,
Poblacion (047) 237-1480
City Balanga,
2100 Philippines
Part I. Personal Status and General Information
For question one, we received 87 percent of female responses and 14.3 percent of male
responses. We obtain 100% for those who responded 18-25 for the question "Age," and
we also get 100% for those who are still students. However, when it comes to the
highest level of education achieved, there are some differences: the majority of those
who answered "Bachelor" (57.1%) and 42.9 percent who said "Higher secondary"
(42.9%) for the (11th to 12th grade)
Part II. Email and Internet Communication
All of the respondents answered that they have emails, with 100% result.
As a result, they send about 1-3 emails per day, according to 85.7 percent, and 14.9
percent answered that they send 4-9 emails per day. However, when it comes to
receiving emails, the majority of respondents which is (57.1%) answered that they
received one to three emails per day, 28.6% answered "ten or more," and 10%
answered "none." For the next question, we received a 100 percent response that they
frequently use Facebook, and in addition, all respondents confirmed they used a smart
phone, which we received a 100 percent response too. For the last question, 85.5
percent of respondents answered that they use Google Drive, while 14.3 percent
answered "none."
Part III. Industry 4.0 Awareness in General
Based on the gathered data from the 13 respondents of the survey that we've
conducted, 11 or 84.6 percent out of 13 have already heard or attentive to Cloud
Solutions which refers to the net servers that provide free space for files like music,
photos and documents while on the opposite hand the remaining 4 or 15.4 percent
answered no. Moreover, as for Mass Customization which is describes the flexibility
to style and produce customized products with the identical efficiency and speed of

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BALANGA CAMPUS
Don Manuel
Don Manuel Banzon
Banzon Ave.,
Ave. Poblacion,
Poblacion (047) 237-1480
City Balanga,
2100 Philippines

this mass uncustomized production process, without affecting
costs negatively, 8 or 61.5 percent of the overall respondents answered no while 5 or
38.5 answered yes. Furthermore, when it involves Internet of Things, 9 or 69.2 percent
answered yes while 4 or 30.8 percent of 23 respondents answered no of getting heard
about the loT or the concept that describes the thought of everyday physical objects,
computers, cellphones, people, manufacturing machines, being connected to the net
during which the connected devices should be ready to identify themselves and
communicate to other devices without human interaction. Lastly, 7 or 53.8 percent
answered no and 6 or 46.2 percent answered yes if they need heard about the Industry
4.0 concept wherein it brings the flexibility of machines, devices, sensors, and folks to
attach and communicate with one another via the web of Things (IoT).
For Question 15:
When asked if they had heard about Smart Manufacturing, 37.5 % responded "Yes,"
indicating that they had, while 62.5 % responded "No," indicating that they had not.
For Question 16:
When asked if they had heard about Smart Cities, 56.3 % responded "Yes," indicating
that they had, while 43.8 % responded "No," indicating that they had not.
For Question 17:
When asked if they had heard about 5G, 100 % responded "Yes," indicating that they
had, while 0 % responded "No," indicating that they had not.
For Question 18:
When asked if they IoT and I4.0 concept is impotant to them, 37.5 % responded "Yes,"
indicating that they had, while 62.5 % responded "No," indicating that they had not.

BALANGA CAMPUS
BALANGA CAMPUS
Don Manuel
Don Manuel Banzon
Banzon Ave.,
Ave. Poblacion,
Poblacion (047) 237-1480
City Balanga,
2100 Philippines
For Question 19:
When asked if they can see any Smart City in the Philippines, 62.5 % responded
"Yes," indicating that they had, while 37.5 % responded "No," indicating that they
had not.
To sum it up all, even though we are living in life where almost everything are
connected and or have something to do with technologies, many are still not aware
of the 4th Industrial Revolution.
Post-Assessment
1. What factors must be considered for an intellectual revolution to happen?
➢ The Factors that affect the intellectual revolution by means is the concept
of reason which considered as the main source of authority and
legitimacy. The discoveries and advancement were results of the
response of a society according to their needs and wants which led to
the drastic changes in the transformation and perception shifted in
society. In fact, the French and American revolutions were directly
inspired by ideals in Intellectual Revolution. Other factors includes a
range of ideas centered on the pursuit of happiness, sovereignty of
reason, and the evidence of the senses as the primary sources of
knowledge and advanced ideals such as liberty, progress, toleration,
fraternity, constitutional government, and separation of church and
state.
However, the three other factors that affects the intellectual revolution
that are considered before are:
a. The progress-achieving methods of science need to be correctly
identified
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BALANGA CAMPUS
Don Manuel
Don Manuel Banzon
Banzon Ave.,
Ave. Poblacion,
Poblacion (047) 237-1480
City Balanga,
2100 Philippines
b. These methods need to be correctly generalized so that they become
fruitfully applicable to any worthwhile, problematic human endeavor,
whatever the aims may be, and not just applicable to the one endeavor
of acquiring knowledge.
c. The correctly generalized progress-achieving methods then need to be
exploited correctly in the great human endeavor of trying to make
social progress towards an enlightened, wise world.
d. Thus, they set about creating and developing the social sciences:
economics, psychology, anthropology, history, sociology and political
science.
2. What are the highlights of scientific revolution?
➢ The period saw a fundamental transformation in scientific ideas across
mathematics, physics, astronomy, and biology in institutions
supporting scientific investigation and in the more widely held picture
of the universe. The Scientific Revolution led to the establishment of
several modern sciences. In terms of Astronomy, the Polish astronomer
Nicolaus Copernicus was the first to propound a comprehensive
heliocentric theory equal in scope and predictive capability to Ptolemy’s
geocentric system. In terms of Physics, in Mechanics Galileo’s
contributions to the science of mechanics were his principle of inertia
enabled him to meet the traditional physical objections to Earth’s
motion. Therefore, he was able to derive the parabolic path of projectile
motion.
While in Optics, Kepler introduced the point-by-point analysis of optical
problems, tracing rays from each point on the object to a point on the
image. He developed a geometric theory of lenses, providing the first
mathematical account of Galileo’s telescope.

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BALANGA CAMPUS
Don Manuel
Don Manuel Banzon
Banzon Ave.,
Ave. Poblacion,
Poblacion (047) 237-1480
City Balanga,
2100 Philippines
Moreover, Descartes sought many of the known properties of light,
including the law of reflection and the newly discovered law of
refraction. In terms of Chemistry, Robert Boyle thrust his work to
understand the chemical properties of matter, to provide experimental
evidence for the mechanical philosophy, and to demonstrate that all
chemical properties can be explained in mechanical terms. He was an
excellent laboratory chemist and developed a number of important
techniques, especially color-identification tests.
3. What are the highlights of age of enlightenment?
➢ Thomas Hobbes, an English philosopher and scientist, was one of the
key figures in the political debates of the Enlightenment period. He
introduced a social contract theory based on the relation between the
absolute sovereign and the civil society. John Locke was an English
philosopher and physician, widely regarded as one of the most
influential of Enlightenment thinkers, and commonly known as the
“Father of Liberalism.” His writings were immensely influential for the
development of social contract theory. Montesquieu was a French
lawyer, man of letters, and one of the most influential political
philosophers of the Age of Enlightenment. His political theory work,
particularly the idea of separation of powers, shaped the modern
democratic government. The Spirit of the Laws is a treatise on political
theory that was first published anonymously by Montesquieu in 1748.
Voltaire was a French Enlightenment writer, historian, and philosopher
famous for his wit, his attacks on the established Catholic Church, and
his advocacy of freedom of religion, freedom of expression, and
separation of church and state. Jean-Jacques Rousseau was a
Francophone Genevan philosopher, writer, and composer. His political
philosophy influenced the Enlightenment in France and across Europe.

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BALANGA CAMPUS
Don Manuel
Don Manuel Banzon
Banzon Ave.,
Ave. Poblacion,
Poblacion (047) 237-1480
City Balanga,
2100 Philippines
The Social Contract outlines the basis for a legitimate political order
within a framework of classical republicanism. Marquis de Condorcet
was a French philosopher, mathematician, and early political scientist.
He advocated a liberal economy, free and equal public instruction,
constitutionalism, and equal rights for women and people of all races.
Mary Wollstonecraft was an English writer, philosopher, and advocate
of women’s rights. She was the major female voice of the Enlightenment.
The majority of Wollstonecraft’s early works focus on education. She
advocates educating children into the emerging middle-class ethos: self-
discipline, honesty, frugality, and social contentment. She also
advocates the education of women, a controversial topic at the time and
one which she would return to throughout her career.
4. What are the highlights of Industrial revolution?
➢ There are two stages of Industrial Revolution which represents its
significance, and these are:
a. The first stage of the Industrial Revolution (1770-1870) – Centered on
steam, water, iron and shift from agriculture.
b. The second stage of Industrial Revolution (1870-1914) – New
technologies of electricity, development of petrol engine, oil, and
greater use of cheap steel.
There are also other important features in Industrial Revolution, and
these are:
a. Population shift – moving from rural agriculture to work in
factories in cities.
b. Mass production of goods, increased efficiency, reduced average
costs and enabled more to be produced.

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BALANGA CAMPUS
Don Manuel
Don Manuel Banzon
Banzon Ave.,
Ave. Poblacion,
Poblacion (047) 237-1480
City Balanga,
2100 Philippines
c. The rise of steam power, e.g., steam trains, railways and steam-
powered machines.
d. Industrial and scientific discoveries enabled a revolution in our
understanding of the material world.
e. Rapid industrialization had a cost in terms of pollution and poor
working conditions for labor.
Other important discoveries and inventions in the Industrial
Revolution are:
• Edmund Cartwright’s power loom (1787) enabled mass
production of cloth. Steam engine (developed by James Watt
1760s) further transformed the cotton industry and later steam
trains.
• Smelting iron. A new method of producing iron, developed by
Abraham Darby (1678-1717). This new method used coke rather
than charcoal and enabled higher production. Iron was used for
building and railways.
• Steam train. Richard Trevithick invented the first working
steam train 1806. George Stephenson’s Rocket 1829, important
for convincing people of the potential of steam trains.
• Machine tools. Prior to the industrial revolution, metal was
fashioned by hand, which was very labour intensive. Machine
tools, such as cylinder boring tools and the milling machine,
enabled mass production of things like cylinders for steam
trains.
• Chemicals. Chemicals, such as Sulphuric acid and sodium
carbonate was important in many industrial processes, such as
bleaching cloth, and other products, such as soap, and paper.

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Don Manuel
Don Manuel Banzon
Banzon Ave.,
Ave. Poblacion,
Poblacion (047) 237-1480
City Balanga,
2100 Philippines
• Cement. Portland cement was important in new engineering
products, such as the Thames tunnel.
• Tarmacked roads. Thomas Telford and John Macadam
developed better roads, with firm foundations, drainage and a
smooth surface.
• Telegraph Wire – 1837 invented by Samuel Morse
Additional Activity.
ESSAY
1. Why are the Greeks considered the harbingers of western civilization?
➢ Greeks are considered as the harbingers of western civilization because
Ancient Greece saw the early studies and discoveries of several
branches of natural sciences such as astronomy, mathematics and
biology. Sciences at this time grow with art and aesthetics, principally
literature, theatre and pottery that’s why they are the harbingers of
western civilization due to this combination of these very varied
cultural activities.
2. Why did the scientific Revolution occur in Europe?
➢ European entrepreneurs were eager to adopt machines to cut down on
high labor costs. They were eager to have change in their country or
adopt the scientific revolution
3. What differentiate Scientific Revolution from Age of Enlightenment?
➢ The difference between Scientific Revolution from Age of
Enlightenment is that Scientific Revolution is based on scientific
discoveries in the fields of chemistry, physics, biology, mathematics, and

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astronomy, whereas Enlightenment is based on the concept that reason
is the main source of authority and legitimacy. Scientific Revolution
refers to the drastic changes in scientific thought that occurred during
the early modern era and laid the foundation for the Age of
Enlightenment. Enlightenment is an intellectual and philosophical
movement that dominated the world of ideas in Europe during the 17th
and 18th centuries.
4. Why did Industrial Revolution begin in Europe?
➢ The industrial revolution in Europe didn't happen overnight but only
spread over the continent very gradually. One of the triggers was the
unusually high growth in the population which set in around the middle
of the 18th century and produced a gigantic reservoir of workers. At the
same time new, more efficient methods of production became necessary
in order to supply the basic needs of so many people. In this situation
Great Britain enjoyed two important advantages: an extremely
productive and wealthy agricultural system, and an astonishing number
of creative inventors. This was why the United Kingdom dictated the
rhythm of progress to the rest of Europe from 1750 onwards for the next
century or so.


GROUP 4 (Week 3) - STS

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BATAAN PENINSULA STATE UNIVERSITY

COLLEGE OF BUSINESS AND ACCOUNTANCY

STS – WEEK 3 (GROUP 4)

Morallos, Maria Bea

Manguil, Alisa Mae

Lipata, Regine Grace

Linao, Angela Kaye

Sir Isaac Newton

Our Vision Our Mission

COLLEGE OF BUSINESS AND ACCOUNTANCY

On January 4, 1643, Newton was born in Wools Thorpe, Lincolnshire, England.

December 25, 1642. He is a physicist and mathematician, is understood for developing

Principia Mathematica (Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy), was

revolutionized our understanding of our world.

He was a real Renaissance man with accomplishments in several fields,

including astronomy, physics and mathematics. Newton gave us new theories on

Newtonian reflector or just the Newtonian, is a type of reflecting telescope invented

diagonal secondary mirror.

TIMELINE OF INTELLECTUAL REVOLUTIONS

Create a small group (5-6 members).

of Ptolemy's Almagest appears; the authors, Georg Peurbach (1423-1461) and

Johannes Regiomontanus (1436-1476), symbolize a shift from reverence for

Ptolemy and antiquity to respect coupled with confident innovation.

COLLEGE OF BUSINESS AND ACCOUNTANCY

1469 - Publication of the highly influential Corpus Hermeticum, a collection of

thought to have been written with great authority by Hermes Trismegistus

(perhaps Thoth or Moses) living c.1800 BC.

geometric descriptive models for predicting planetary motions by employing

homocentric (nested concentric) celestial spheres.

1482 - First printed edition of “Euclid’s Elements”

1486 - The Malleus Malificarum (The Hammer of the Witches) is published as an

influential guidebook to identifying witches and bringing them to punishment.

concern underscores longstanding issues associated with the Condemnations

1522 - Ferdinand Magellan famously completes the first circumnavigation of the

disease in a work entitled Syphilis, or the French Disease. As an aside, the

which advanced the heliocentric theory of cosmology. Heliocentric Theory (the

new ways of thinking. Andreas Vesalius published “De Humani Corporis

first human skeleton from cutting open corpses.

1551 - Erasmus Reinhold published the Tabulae prutenicae or “Prutenic Tables”.

in his Anatomical Observations.

COLLEGE OF BUSINESS AND ACCOUNTANCY

1598 - Tycho Brahe’s book Astronomiae instauratae mechanica.

theories in the field of science) William Gilbert published “De Magnete,

Magneticisque Corporibus et de Magno Magnete Tellure” or “On the Magnet,

of a theory of magnetism and electricity.

square of the orbital period of a planet is directly proportional to the cube of a

semi-major axis of its orbit.

appearances of planets and fixed stars.

logic based on the process of reduction, which he offered as an improvement

over Aristotlle’s philosophical process of syllogism. This contributed to the

development of what became known as the scientific method.

Galileo. It opened more possibilities to exploring the scientific knowledge on

the world and how it functioned with other unknown forces.

1661 - Robert Boyle’s Discoveries in Chemistry, he is the founder of modern chemistry

COLLEGE OF BUSINESS AND ACCOUNTANCY

to feature scientific news, reviews and summaries of book, eulogies, and

occasional editorials. The first publication of the Philosophical Transactions of

London, were initiated as a private venture by Henry Oldenburg.

1666 - Isaac Newton’s prisms experiment in theory of colors gives contribution to

optics. Newton upset the traditional theory of colors by demonstrating in an

impressive set of experiments that white light is a mixture out of which

separate beams of colored light can be separated. He associated different

degrees of irrefrangibility with rays of different color, and in this manner, he