Content:-

❑ Introduction
❑ Failure of Bridge Piers during Earthquake
❑ Plastic Hinge
❑ Literature Review
❑ Future Scope of Work
 INTRODUCTION:-
➢ Single or double pier bridge is designed with one or two piers to support the entire
superstructure of the bridge.
➢ Because of increased clear height, neat appearance, and reduced construction cost,
single-column supported overpasses and viaducts are widely built in many cities in
India and many countries in the world.
➢ Overpasses and viaducts are considered to be effective solutions to traffic jams in
urban areas.
➢ The piers of these structures in urban areas are usually single or double columns. Single
column pier bridge is designed with one column to support the entire superstructure.
➢ Apparently, the single-column pier bridges have the weak capability to resist
overturning moments especially when heavy trucks run along the edge lane.
➢ Several collapses of single-column pier bridges were reported in India.
INTRODUCTION:-

Fig.:- Single Pier Metro Viaduct Fig.:- Single Pier Road Bridge
INTRODUCTION:-

Fig.:- Single Pier Road Viaduct Fig.:- Superstructure Supported on two Piers
Failure of Bridge Piers
during Earthquake:-

 Buckling of Column
Reinforcement(due to insufficient
lateral ties).

 Insufficient transverse
reinforcement in beam-column
joints.

 Improper detailing in plastic

hinge zones.
Failure of Bridge Piers:-
Plastic Hinge:-
➢ A plastic hinge, in structural engineering, refers to the deformation of a part of a beam
wherever plastic bending happens. Hinge means having no capability to resist the moment.
Therefore, a plastic hinge behaves like a standard hinge - permitting free rotation. The
concept of plastic hinges is important in understanding structural failure.

➢ Seismic design of a bridge is generally achieved by providing adequate strength and ductility
of the substructure. The energy dissipation takes place due to the inelastic behaviour of the
pier. The location of the plastic hinge should be predetermined and the required flexural
strength of the plastic hinge shall be obtained using a capacity-based design approach.
➢ Plastic hinge regions shall be provided with close spaced transverse stirrups to confine the
compressed concrete within the core region and to prevent buckling of longitudinal
reinforcement.
➢ Single pier bridge is more prone to failure due to plastic hinge because it has only 1 degree
of freedom and after failure, there is no path for redistribution of loads.
Codal Restrictions in Plastic hinge zone:-
As per IS, IRS and IRC codes, there are some restrictions in the detailing
in the plastic hinge zone.
➢ Splicing of flexural reinforcement is not permitted in the plastic hinge
region.
➢ Laps shall not be located within the plastic hinge zone.

There are some studies ongoing that would allow to use of the coupler
in the plastic hinge zone by using a precast column instead of a cast in
situ column.
From these studies, some favourable results are found that not only
increase the ductility but also the strength of the pier.
 LITERATURE REVIEW :-
S. NO TITLE AUTHOR CONCLUSION

1 Experimental Studies Mostafa Tazarv, This study showed that couplers generally affected the
on Seismic Ph.D., P.E., displacement capacity of bridge columns more than
Performance of M.ASCE any other design parameters. Furthermore, columns that
Mechanically Spliced were spliced with non-seismic couplers significantly
Precast Bridge reduced the column displacement capacity and
Columns these couplers should be prohibited. However, the
current ban on the use of couplers in bridge columns
might be relaxed since the behaviour of seismic splices
and their effects on RC columns’ displacement
capacities could be quantified with reasonable
accuracy.
2 Seismic Analysis of M. J. Ameli and Precast concrete specimens had ductile performance
Precast Concrete Chris P. Pantelides comparable to the performance of specimen CIP, up to
Bridge Columns the failure point that was caused by premature
Connected with reinforcing bar fracture.
Grouted Splice Sleeve
Connectors
 CONTD…
S. NO TITLE AUTHOR CONCLUSION

3 Testing and Analysis Zachary B. Haber, Precast columns with GS connections and SPH can
of Precast Columns Ph.D. exhibit improved ductility compared with previously
with Grouted tested columns with GS connections. Although not
Sleeve Connections explicitly designed to emulate CIP construction, G-40
and Shifted Plastic met the target design ductility for C-40. In G-40,
Hinging the most damage and plastic deformation occurred
near the top of and above the sleeve region. Thus, the
PH formation in columns with GS connections can be
successfully shifted above the sleeve region using
transition splicing and HS steel dowels in adjacent
connecting elements. Although a sizable component of
tip deformation came from bond-slip rotation at the
column-footing interface, HS steel footing dowels
remained elastic and thus the amount of residual
deformation at the interface was minimized.
4 Bond Strength of Lap- D. A. Bournas and All test results presented in this study indicate that
Spliced Bars in T. C. Triantafillou, confinement with composite jackets is an extremely
Concrete M.ASCE promising solution with great potential for the
Confined with enhancement of the local bond behaviour between
 An experimental investigation was performed to systematically
determine the seismic performance of mechanically spliced
bridge columns and to develop the most comprehensive test
database for these columns.
 Seven half-scale bridge columns were constructed and tested.
One column was cast-in-place (CIP) to serve as the reference
model and six were precast and incorporating different couplers
at the column base with a coupler product per specimen.
 One column followed the conventional CIP detailing, and the
others utilized a type of coupler product per specimen at the
column base.