UNIT 1 : Living Things and

the Environment

CHAPTER ONE
• Respiratory and Circulatory System
UNIT 1 :
Opening Prayer

Dominican Blessing
May God the Father bless us,
May God the Son heal us,
May God the Holy Spirit enlighten us
and give us eyes to see with, ears to hear with,
hands to do the work of God with, feet to walk with,
and mouth to preach the word of salvation with.
And may the angel of peace
watch over us and lead us at last
by the Lord’s gift of the Kingdom. Amen.
UNIT 1 : Living Things and
the Environment

CHAPTER ONE
• Respiratory and Circulatory System
UNIT 1 : Living Things and
the Environment

CHAPTER ONE
• Respiratory and Circulatory System
UNIT 4 : Nature and Structure
of Matter

CHEMISTRY
Chapter Thirteen

The Gas Laws

 Gas Laws
Learning OBJECTIVES
Investigate the relationship between:
1. volume and pressure at constant
temperature of a gas
2. volume and temperature at constant
pressure of a gas
3. explains these relationships using the
kinetic molecular theory
Gas Laws
Properties of Gas
• Gases are described in terms
of four properties:
1. Pressure (P)
2. Volume (V)
3. Temperature (T)
4. Amount of gas (n)
 Gas Laws
Properties of Gas Pressure
• Is described as a force acting
on a specific area.
• Pressure = force/area
• Has units of atm, mm Hg,
torr, lb/in2 and kilopascals
(kPa).
• 1 atm = 760 mm Hg = 760 torr
• 1 atm = 101.325 kPa
 Gas Laws
Properties of Gas Volume
• Is a three-dimensional space
occupied by a gas.
• Common units of volume:
▪ mL, L, m3, cm3
• Conversion factors:
▪ 1 L = 1000 mL
▪ 1 mL = 1 cm3
 Gas Laws
Properties of Gas Temperature
• Measure of the warmth or
coldness of a body
• Measure of the average kinetic
energy of the particles in an
object
• Kinetic Energy = related to
movement
 Gas Laws
Properties of Gas Temperature
• Temperature Units:
• Fahrenheit (˚F)
• Celsius (˚C)
• Kelvin (K)
• Conversions:
• ℉ = (1.8) ℃ + 32
• ℃ = 0.56 (℉ − 32)
• K = ℃ + 273.15
 Gas Laws
Properties of Gas Quantity (Amount)
• Measured in moles (mol)
• 1 mole = 6.022 x 1023 units of
substance
 Gas Laws
Activity - Conversion
• Convert the given pressure. • Convert the given temperature

1. 1.37 atm to mmHg 1. 12℃ to ℉

2. 233 torr to atm 2. -6℉ to ℃
3. 89.1 kPa to atm 3. 23℃ to K
4. 3.70 atm to kPa 4. 54 ℉ to K
5. 23.8 kPa to mmHg 5. 112 K to ℉
 Gas Laws
Activity - Conversion
• Convert the given temperature

1. 12℃ to ℉
2. -6℉ to ℃
3. 23℃ to K
4. 54 ℉ to K
5. 112 K to ℉
Gas Laws
Gas Laws
• Gas laws explain how gases
behave with changes in
pressure, temperature, volume,
and amount of gas.
 Gas Laws
Gas Laws Boyle’s Law
• Robert Boyle (25 January 1627 –
31 December 1691) Anglo-Irish
natural philosopher, chemist,
physicist, and inventor.
• Robert Boyle studied the effect of
pressure on the volume of a gas.
 Gas Laws
Gas Laws Boyle’s Law
• Boyle’s law states that pressure
is Inversely Proportional to the
volume at constant temperature.
• When volume increases,
pressure decreases. When
volume decreases, pressure
increases.
 Gas Laws
Gas Laws Boyle’s Law
• P1 = Initial Pressure
• P2 = Final Pressure
𝑃1 𝑉1 = 𝑃2 𝑉2 • V1 = Initial Volume
• V2 = Final Volume
 Gas Laws
1. A gas occupies 12.3 liters at a pressure of 40.0 mmHg. What is the volume
when the pressure is increased to 120.0 mmHg?

Given: 40.0 𝑚𝑚𝐻𝑔 12.3 𝐿 = 120.0𝑚𝑚𝐻𝑔 𝑉2

V1 = 12.3 L 492 𝑚𝑚𝐻𝑔 ∙ 𝐿 = 120.0𝑚𝑚𝐻𝑔 𝑉2

P1 = 40.0 mmHg 492𝑚𝑚𝐻𝑔 ∙ 𝐿 120.0𝑚𝑚𝐻𝑔 𝑉2
P2 = 120.0 mmHg =
120.0𝑚𝑚𝐻𝑔 120.0𝑚𝑚𝐻𝑔

𝑉2 = 4.1 𝐿
𝑃1 𝑉1 = 𝑃2 𝑉2
 Gas Laws
2. A gas occupies 11.2 liters at 0.860 atm. What is the pressure if the volume
becomes 15.0 L?

Given: 0.860 𝑎𝑡𝑚 11.2 𝐿 = 𝑃2 15.0 𝐿

V1 = 11.2 L 9.632 𝑎𝑡𝑚 ∙ 𝐿 = 𝑃2 15.0 𝐿

P1 = 0.860 atm 9.632 𝑎𝑡𝑚 ∙ 𝐿 𝑃2 15.0 𝐿
V2 = 15.0 L =
15.0 𝐿 15.0 𝐿

𝑃2 = 0.64 𝑎𝑡𝑚
𝑃1 𝑉1 = 𝑃2 𝑉2
 Gas Laws
Activity – Boyle’s Law Calculations
1. A gas occupies 4.31 liters at a pressure of 0.75 atm. Determine the volume if
the pressure is increased to 1.25 atm.
2. A 45.0 mL gas exerts a pressure of 760.0 mmHg. What is the volume of the gas
if the pressure is increased to 800.0 mmHg at the same temperature?
3. A 1.00 L gas at 1 atm is compressed to 500 mL. What is its new pressure in
same temperature?
4. A sample neon gas occupies a volume of 2.8 L at 1.8 atm. What will be its
volume at 1.2 atm if the temperature stays the same?
 Gas Laws
Gas Laws Charles’s Law
• Jacques Charles (November
12, 1746 – April 7, 1823) French
inventor, mathematician,
scientist, and balloonist.
• Charles studied the
relationship of the volume of
the gas and its absolute
temperature.
 Gas Laws
Gas Laws Charles’s Law
• Charles’s law states that volume
is Directly Proportional to the
temperature at constant
pressure.
• A gas expands when its
temperature increases.
• It contracts when temperature
decreases.
 Gas Laws
Gas Laws Charles’s Law
• V1 = Initial Volume
𝑉1 𝑉2 • V2 = Final Volume
=
𝑇1 𝑇2 • T1 = Initial Temperature
• T2 = Final Temperature
𝑉1 𝑇2 = 𝑉2 𝑇1
 Gas Laws
1. A syringe contains 56.11 mL of gas at 311 K. Determine the volume that the gas
will occupy if the temperature is increased to 400 K.

56.11 𝑚𝐿 𝑉2
Given: =
311 𝐾 400 𝐾
V1 = 56.11 mL
(56.11 𝑚𝐿) (400 𝐾)
T1 = 311 K = 𝑉2
311 𝐾
T2 = 400 K
22444 𝑚𝐿 ∙ 𝐾
= 𝑉2
311 𝐾
𝑉1 𝑉2
= 𝑉2 = 72.17 𝑚𝐿
𝑇1 𝑇2
 Gas Laws
2. If 540 mL of nitrogen at 0.00 ˚C is heated to a temperature of 100.0 ˚C, what will
be the new volume of the gas?

540 𝑚𝐿 𝑉2
Given: =
273.15 𝐾 373.15 𝐾
V1 = 540 mL
(540 𝑚𝐿) (373.15 𝐾)
T1 = 0.00 ˚C = 273.15 K = 𝑉2
273.15 𝐾
T2 = 100.0 ˚C = 373.15 K
201501 𝑚𝐿 ∙ 𝐾
= 𝑉2
273.15 𝐾
𝑉1 𝑉2
= 𝑉2 = 738 𝑚𝐿
𝑇1 𝑇2
 Gas Laws
Activity – Charles’s Law Calculations
1. A gas a volume of 0.40 L at 20˚C. What will be its new volume after it is heated
to 250˚C at the same pressure?
2. A hot-air balloon has a volume of 3.0 L at 27˚C. At what temperature (in ˚C)
should the air inside it be heated to expand to 6.0 L at constant pressure?
3. When cooled to 33˚C, a balloon has a volume of 120 mL. If its initial volume is
200 mL, what is the temperature (in ˚C) of the gas inside it?
4. Suppose you inhale 2.0 L of air at 20˚C, what will be the volume of the gas if it
heats to 38˚C in your lungs?
UNIT 4 : Nature and Structure
of Matter

CHEMISTRY
Chapter Thirteen

The Gas Laws

circulatory SYSTEM
circulatory SYSTEM