BS EN ISO 3233-3:2015

BSI Standards Publication

Paints and varnishes —

Determination of the
percentage volume of
non-volatile matter
Part 3: Determination by calculation from
the non-volatile-matter content determined
in accordance with ISO 3251, the density of
the coating material and the density of the
solvent in the coating material
BS EN ISO 3233-3:2015 BRITISH STANDARD

National foreword
This British Standard is the UK implementation of
EN ISO 3233-3:2015. It supersedes BS EN ISO 23811:2009
which is withdrawn.
The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical
Committee STI/10, Test methods for paints.
A list of organizations represented on this committee can be
obtained on request to its secretary.
This publication does not purport to include all the necessary
provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct
application.
© The British Standards Institution 2015.
Published by BSI Standards Limited 2015
ISBN 978 0 580 79680 7
ICS 87.040
Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from
legal obligations.
This British Standard was published under the authority of the
Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 May 2015.
Amendments/corrigenda issued since publication
Date Text affected
EUROPEAN STANDARD EN ISO 3233-3
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM May 2015

ICS 87.040 Supersedes EN ISO 23811:2009

English Version

Paints and varnishes - Determination of the percentage volume

of non-volatile matter - Part 3: Determination by calculation from
the non-volatile-matter content determined in accordance with
ISO 3251, the density of the coating material and the density of
the solvent in the coating material (ISO 3233-3:2015)

Peintures et vernis - Détermination du pourcentage en Beschichtungsstoffe - Bestimmung des Volumens

volume de matière non volatile - Partie 3: Détermination par
calcul à partir de la teneur en matière non volatile
déterminée conformément à l'ISO 3251, de la masse
volumique du produit de peinture et de la masse volumique
du solvant du produit de peinture (ISO 3233-3:2015)
nichtflüchtiger Anteile - Teil 3: Bestimmung durch
Berechnung des nach ISO 3251 bestimmten Gehaltes an
nichtflüchtigen Anteilen, der Dichte des
Beschichtungsstoffes und der Dichte des Lösemittels im
Beschichtungsstoff (ISO 3233-3:2015)

This European Standard was approved by CEN on 24 January 2015.

CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European
Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national
standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member.

This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same
status as the official versions.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United
Kingdom.

EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION

COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels

© 2015 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN ISO 3233-3:2015 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
BS EN ISO 3233-3:2015
EN ISO 3233:2015 (E)

Foreword
This document (EN ISO 3233-3:2015) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 35 "Paints and
varnishes" in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 139 “Paints and varnishes” the secretariat of
which is held by DIN.

This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical
text or by endorsement, at the latest by November 2015, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn
at the latest by November 2015.

Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.

This document supersedes EN ISO 23811:2009.

According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following
countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech
Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece,
Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,
Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom.

Endorsement notice

The text of ISO 3233:2015 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 3233:2015 without any modification.

3
 BS EN ISO 3233-3:2015
ISO 3233-3:2015(E)


Contents Page

Foreword......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... iv
Introduction...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................v
1 Scope.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 1
2 Normative references....................................................................................................................................................................................... 1
3 Terms and definitions...................................................................................................................................................................................... 1
4 Principle......................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 2
5 Procedure..................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 2
5.1 Determination of the theoretical dry film density.................................................................................................... 2
5.2 Determination of the density....................................................................................................................................................... 3
5.3 Determination of film thickness............................................................................................................................................... 3
6 Calculation................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 3
6.1 Calculation of the theoretical dry film density............................................................................................................. 3
6.2 Calculation of the non-volatile matter by volume using the theoretical dry film density...... 4
6.3 Determination of the theoretical spreading rate........................................................................................................ 4
7 Precision........................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 5
7.1 Repeatability limit................................................................................................................................................................................. 5
7.2 Reproducibility limit........................................................................................................................................................................... 5
8 Test report.................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 5
Annex A (informative) Derivation of the theoretical dry film thickness.......................................................................... 6
Annex B (informative) Derivation of the theoretical spreading rate................................................................................... 8
Annex C (informative) Example for the calculation of the theoretical spreading rate...................................11
Annex D (informative) Overview on the existing methods for determination of non-volatile-
matter content and volume of non-volatile matter........................................................................................................12
Bibliography.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 14

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Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any
patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on
the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity
assessment, as well as information about ISO’s adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical Barriers
to Trade (TBT), see the following URL: Foreword — Supplementary information.
The committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 35, Paints and varnishes, Subcommittee SC 9,
General test methods for paints and varnishes.
This first edition of ISO 3233-3 cancels and replaces ISO 23811:2009, which has been technically revised
and, in addition to the change in number, contains the following changes:
— symbols have been harmonized with those used in ISO 3233-1 and ISO 3233-2;
— determination of dry film thickness has been added;
— statement on the density of the solvents of waterborne systems has been added;
— informative annex (Annex D) for an overview on the existing methods for determination of non-
volatile matter content and volume of non-volatile matter has been added;
— text has been editorially revised and Normative References has been updated.
ISO 3233 consists of the following parts, under the general title Paints and varnishes — Determination of
percentage volume of non-volatile matter:
— Part 1: Method using a coated test panel to determine non-volatile matter and to determine dry film
density by the Archimedes principle
— Part 2: Method using the determination of non-volatile-matter content in accordance with ISO 3251 and
determination of dry film density on coated test panels by the Archimedes principle
— Part 3: Determination by calculation from the non-volatile-matter content determined in accordance
with ISO 3251, the density of the coating material and the density of the solvent in the coating material

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Introduction
This method is used to determine the volume of the dry coating obtainable using a coating material by
calculation of the percentage volume of non-volatile matter. The value obtained by this method might
not be the same as that measured or calculated by adding together the masses and volumes of the raw
materials in a formulation. The volume occupied by a combination of resin and solvent might be the
same as, greater than, or less than the combined volume of the separate components, since contraction
or expansion of resin and the solvent can occur. A second factor affecting the volume of a dry coating is
the degree to which the spaces between pigment particles are filled with binder. A third factor is the use
of volatile components in reactive systems that, by their reaction, change into non-volatile film-building
materials, i.e. amines and reactive solvents in high-build two-component coating materials.
Above and close to the critical pigment volume concentration, the volume of a dry paint film is greater
than the theoretical volume, due to an increase in unfilled voids between pigment particles. The porosity
of the film means that this method is unsuitable.
Other methods for determination of the percentage volume of non-volatile matter are described in
ISO  3233-1 and ISO  3233-2. The method described in this part of ISO  3233 is a quick method which
needs only the results of the non-volatile matter and the density of the coating material and the density
of the solvents for the calculation. The precision of the method depends mainly on the determination
of the non-volatile matter content and the unknown densities. But the precision of the combination
of measurements and calculation is better than the precision of pure calculation methods with no
measurements. The simple practical method is often used in the automotive industry, especially for
commercial vehicles.
The method described in this part of ISO 3233 differs from the methods described in ASTM D 2697 and
ASTM D 5201-05, 5.5 and gives different results.

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ISO 3233-3:2015(E)
 BS EN ISO 3233-3:2015
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 3233-3:2015(E)

Paints and varnishes — Determination of the percentage

volume of non-volatile matter —
Part 3:
Determination by calculation from the non-volatile-
matter content determined in accordance with ISO 3251,
the density of the coating material and the density of the
solvent in the coating material

1 Scope
This part of ISO 3233 a simple practical method for calculating the non-volatile matter by volume, NV V,
of a coating material from the non-volatile-matter content, NV, the density of the coating material, and
the density of the solvents. Using the non-volatile matter by volume results and the density obtained
in accordance with this part of ISO 3233, it is possible to calculate the theoretical spreading rate of a
coating material.
This part of ISO 3233 is not applicable to coating materials which exceed the critical pigment volume
concentration (CPVC).

2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are
indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated
references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 2808, Paints and varnishes — Determination of film thickness
ISO 2811-1, Paints and varnishes — Determination of density — Part 1: Pyknometer method
ISO 2811-2, Paints and varnishes — Determination of density — Part 2: Immersed body (plummet) method
ISO 2811-3, Paints and varnishes — Determination of density — Part 3: Oscillation method
ISO 2811-4, Paints and varnishes — Determination of density — Part 4: Pressure cup method
ISO 3251, Paints, varnishes and plastics — Determination of non-volatile-matter content

3 Terms and definitions

For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
spreading rate
surface area that can be covered by a given quantity of coating material to give a dried film of
requisite thickness
Note 1 to entry: It is expressed in m2/l or m2/kg.

Note 2 to entry: See also practical spreading rate and theoretical spreading rate.

[SOURCE: ISO 4618:2014, 2.238, modified — Application rate was deleted in Note 2.]

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3.2
non-volatile matter
NV
residue by mass obtained by evaporation under specified conditions
Note 1 to entry: Instead of the term “non-volatile matter”, different terms, such as solid, dry residue, dry matter, solid
matter, and stoving residue, are being used commonly with the respective abbreviations. The term “non-volatile
matter”, which is also applied in ISO 3251, should be used together with the abbreviation “NV” instead of these terms.

[SOURCE: ISO 4618:2014, 2.176]

3.3
practical spreading rate
spreading rate which is obtained in practice on the particular substrate being coated
[SOURCE: ISO 4618:2014, 2.203]
3.4
practical dry film density
practically determined density of a dried and cured coating
3.5
theoretical spreading rate
spreading rate calculated solely from the volume of non-volatile matter
[SOURCE: ISO 4618:2014, 2.256]
3.6
theoretical dry film density
coating density calculated from the densities of the solvents, coating materials, and the non-volatile-
matter content of the coating material
3.7
non-volatile matter by volume
NV V
percentage residue by volume obtained by evaporation under specified conditions
[SOURCE: ISO 4618:2014, 2.177]

4 Principle
The non-volatile matter by volume is calculated from the quotient of the density of the coating material
and the density of the dry film, with the dry film density being determined theoretically.

5 Procedure

5.1 Determination of the theoretical dry film density

The dry film density can be determined theoretically, although the density of the solvents and of the
coating material and the coating material’s non-volatile matter by mass also has to be determined. Since
it is often not possible to specify the density of all the solvents present in the coating material, the
density of the solvent in highest proportion is used in the calculation.
Determine the non-volatile matter by mass (NV) as described in ISO 3251.

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5.2 Determination of the density

Determine the density of the coating material (ρ1) and that of the solvents in the coating material (ρ2)
to the nearest 0,001 g/cm3 in accordance with one of the methods specified in the series of standards
ISO 2811-1, ISO 2811-2, ISO 2811-3, and ISO 2811-4.

5.3 Determination of film thickness

Determine the dry film thickness using one of the methods described in ISO 2808.

6 Calculation

6.1 Calculation of the theoretical dry film density

Calculate the theoretical dry film density (ρt), in grams per cubic centimetre, as given in Formula (1)
using the determined non-volatile matter by mass, the density of the coating material, and the density
of the solvents or main solvent in the coating material:
ρ 1 ⋅ NV
ρt = (1)
ρ1
100 − ⋅ (100 − NV )
ρ2
where
ρ1 is the density of the coating material, in grams per cubic centimetre;

ρ2 is the density of the solvents or the main solvent in the coating material, in grams per cubic
centimetre;

NV is the non-volatile matter of the coating material, expressed as a percentage by mass.

In the case of waterborne coating materials, the density of the solvents (ρ2) shall be the density of the
total solvent composition, including water or the density which is recommended in Table 1.

Table 1 — Recommended density values of solvents in waterborne coating materials

Composition of the solvent Recommended values for ρ2, if the density of the
solvents is not known
g/cm3
predominantly aliphatic hydrocarbons 0,80
predominantly aromatic hydrocarbons 0,87
water, VOC ≤ 5 %a 1,00
a VOC Volatile organic compound.

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6.2 Calculation of the non-volatile matter by volume using the theoretical dry film density
The theoretical non-volatile matter by volume, NV V,t , expressed as a percentage by volume, is given
by Formula (2):
ρ 1 ⋅ NV
NVV,t = (2)
ρt
where
NV is the non-volatile matter of the coating material, expressed as a percentage by mass;

ρ1 is the density of the coating material, in grams per cubic centimetre;

ρt is the theoretical dry film density, in grams per cubic centimetre.

6.3 Determination of the theoretical spreading rate

The theoretical spreading rate is a value which is calculated solely from the non-volatile matter by
volume. The practical spreading rate, on the other hand, is a value which is obtained when coating an
individual work specimen in practice.
Therefore, based on the definition of the spreading rate, the theoretical spreading rate, st, is the quotient
of the surface area coated and the mass required for this [Formula (3)] or the volume [Formula (4)]:
NV
s t,m = ⋅ 10 (3)
ρ t ⋅t d

NV ⋅ ρ 1 NVV,t
s t,V = ⋅ 10 = ⋅ 10 (4)
ρ t ⋅t d td
where
st,m is the theoretical spreading rate relative to the mass, expressed in square metres per kilo-
gram;

st,V is the theoretical spreading rate relative to the volume, expressed in square metres per litre;

NV is the non-volatile matter content of the coating material, expressed as a percentage by

mass;

NV V,t is the theoretical non-volatile matter of the coating material by volume, expressed as a per-
centage by volume;

td is the dry film thickness of the coating, in micrometres;

ρt is the theoretical dry film density, in grams per cubic centimetre;

ρ1 is the density of the coating material, in grams per cubic centimetre;

10 is a factor relating to the conversion of various units.

For information on the derivation of the dry film thickness and of the theoretical spreading rate, see
Annex A and Annex B, respectively. An example for the calculation of the theoretical spreading rate is
given in Annex C.

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7 Precision

7.1 Repeatability limit

The repeatability limit, r, is the value below which the absolute difference between two test results
(each being the average of two valid determinations) of this test method can be expected under similar
conditions. The test results shall be determined on the same test material by the same test technician in
the same laboratory within a short period of time in accordance with the standard test method.
Two results of the non-volatile matter by volume calculated on the basis of the theoretical dry film
density are regarded as acceptable and in compliance with the standard for the repeatability limit if
they do not differ by more than the value given in Formula (5):

(
0,48 + 0,008 6·NVV,t (5) )

7.2 Reproducibility limit

The reproducibility limit, R, is the value below which the absolute difference between two test results
(each being the average of two valid determinations) of this test method can be expected under matching
conditions. The test results shall be determined on the same test material by different test technicians
in different laboratories in accordance with the standard test method.
Two results of the non-volatile matter by volume calculated on the basis of the theoretical dry film
density are regarded as acceptable and in compliance with the standard for the reproducibility limit if
they do not differ by more than the value given in Formula (6):

(
1,06 + 0,009 6·NVV,t (6) )

8 Test report
The test report shall contain at least the following information:
a) all details necessary to identify the product tested (manufacturer, product code, batch number, etc.);
b) reference to this part of ISO 3233 (i.e. ISO 3233-3);
c) indication of the test method used for determination of the density;
d) result of the test, as specified in Clause 6;
e) any deviations from the procedure specified;
f) any unusual features (anomalies) observed during the test;
g) date of the test.

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Annex A
(informative)

Derivation of the theoretical dry film thickness

The density of the coating material (ρ1), the density of the solvents or main solvent in the coating material
(ρ2), and the theoretical dry film density (ρt), in grams per cubic centimetre, are defined as follows:
m1
ρ1 = (A.1)
V1
m2
ρ2 = (A.2)
V2
mt
ρt = (A.3)
Vt
where
m1 is the mass of the coating material, in grams;

V1 is the volume of the coating material, in millilitres;

m2 is the mass of the solvents or the main solvent in the coating material, in grams;

V2 is the volume of the solvents or the main solvent in the coating material, in millilitres;

mt is the mass of the dried film, in grams;

Vt is the volume of the dried film, in millilitres.

Considering that the coating material is containing solvents, Formula (A.4), Formula (A.5), and
Formula (A.6) are valid:
m1 ⋅ (100 − NV )
m2 = (A.4)
100
V t = V1 − V2 (A.5)

mt = m1 − m2 (A.6)

where
NV is the non-volatile matter content of the coating material, expressed as a percentage by mass.

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Considering Formula (A.3) to Formula (A.6), the dry film density of the coating (ρt), in grams per cubic
centimetre, can be calculated using Formula (A.7):
m1 ⋅ (100 − NV ) m1 ⋅ NV ρ 1 ⋅ V1 ⋅ NV ρ 1 ⋅ NV
mt m1 − m2 m1 − 100 ρ 1 ⋅ NV
ρt = = = = 100 = 100 = 100 = (A.7)
Vt V1 − V2 V1 − V2 V1 − V2 V1 − V2 V2 V2
1− 100 ⋅ (1 − )
V1 V1
Considering Formula (A.1), Formula (A.2), and Formula (A.4), the volume can be calculated using
Formula (A.8) and Formula (A.9):
m1
V1 = (A.8)
ρ1
m1 ⋅ (100 − NV )
V2 = 100 (A.9)
ρ2
The relation of V1 and V2 is calculated using Formula (A.10):
V2 m1 ⋅ (100 − NV ) ρ 1 ρ 1 100 − NV
= ⋅ = ⋅ (A.10)
V1 100 ⋅ ρ 2 m1 ρ 2 100
When inserting the dry film density, it follows that:
ρ 1 ⋅ NV ρ 1 ⋅ NV
ρt = = (A.11)
ρ 100 − NV ρ
100 ⋅ (1 − 1 ⋅ ) 100 − 1 ⋅ (100 − NV )
ρ2 100 ρ2
NOTE See also Formula (1).

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Annex B
(informative)

Derivation of the theoretical spreading rate

B.1 Spreading rate relative to the mass

The spreading rate of a coating material indicates the area which can be covered by a given quantity of
coating material (see 3.1).
When considering a defined area which is covered by the minimum film thickness to give a hiding coat
(see ISO 6504-3) and considering further that the used coating material is containing no volatile matter,
Formula (B.1) is valid:
V t = t d ⋅ A (B.1)

where
Vt is the volume of the dried film, in cubic metres;

td is the dry film thickness of the hiding coat, in metres;

A is the coated area, in square metres.

Following Formula (A.3), the dry film density equals the quotient of mass and volume of the dried film,
as shown in Formula (B.2):
mt
ρt = (B.2)
Vt
Considering a 100 % non-volatile coating material,
mt = ρ t ⋅ V t = ρ t ⋅ t d ⋅ A (B.3)

where
mt is the mass of the dried film, in kilograms.

Many coating materials are containing non-volatile matters which need to be considered in the
calculation. When the non-volatile matter content decreases, the coating material consumption
increases. Consequently, the non-volatile-matter content, NV, is given as Formula (B.4):
mt
NV = ⋅ 100 (B.4)
m1
where
m1 is the mass of the coating material, in kilograms.

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When inserting Formula (B.3), it follows that:

mt ρ ⋅t ⋅ A
m1 = ⋅ 100 = t d ⋅ 100 (B.5)
NV NV
After transformation of the formula, the spreading rate relative to the mass s t,m, in square metres per
kilogram, is given in Formula (B.6):
A A ⋅ NV NV
s t,m = = = (B.6)
m1 A ⋅ ρ t ⋅ t d ⋅ 100 ρ t ⋅ t d ⋅ 100
where
m1 is the mass of the coating material, in kilograms;

V1 is the volume of the coating material, in cubic metres;

ρ1 is the density of the coating material, in kilograms per cubic metre;

m2 is the mass of the solvents or the main solvent in the coating material, in kilograms;

V2 is the volume of the solvents or the main solvent in the coating material, in cubic metres;

ρ2 is the density of the solvents or the main solvent in the coating material, in kilograms per
cubic metre;

mt is the mass of the dried film, in kilograms;

Vt is the volume of the dried film, in cubic metres;

ρt is the theoretical dry film density, in kilograms per cubic metre;

td is the dry film thickness of the coating, in metres.

When converting the basic SI units to the practical units measured (i.e. grams per cubic centimetre,
micrometres), the factor × 1 000 has to be inserted, as shown in Formula (B.7)
NV NV
s t,m = × 1 000 = ⋅ 10 (B.7)
ρ t ⋅ t d ⋅ 100 ρ t ⋅t d
NOTE See also Formula (3).

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B.2 Spreading rate relative to the volume

The volume of the coating material is the sum of the volume of the coat and the volatile matter (solvents),
in cubic metre, given in Formula (B.8):
V1 = V t + V2 (B.8)

Considering Formula (B.9) for the volume

m
V= (B.9)
ρ
Formula (B.7) can be converted to
m1 mt m2
= + (B.10)
ρ1 ρ t ρ2
When inserting Formula (B.3) for the mass of the coating materials, m1, it follows Formula (B.11):
m1 ρ t ⋅ t d ⋅ A ⋅ 100
V1 = = (B.11)
ρ1 ρ 1 ⋅ NV
After transformation of the formula, the spreading rate relative to the volume s t,V, in square metres per
cubic metre, is given in Formula (B.12):
A A ⋅ NV ⋅ ρ 1 NV ⋅ ρ 1
s t,V = = = (B.12)
V1 A ⋅ ρ t ⋅ t d ⋅ 100 ρ t ⋅ t d ⋅ 100
When converting the basic SI units to the practical units measured (i.e. grams per cubic centimetre,
micrometres), the factor × 1 000 has to be inserted, as shown in Formula (B.13):
NV ⋅ ρ 1 NV ⋅ ρ 1
s t,V = ×1 000 = ⋅ 10 (B.13)
ρ t ⋅ t d ⋅ 100 ρ t ⋅t d
NOTE See also Formula (4).

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Annex C
(informative)

Example for the calculation of the theoretical spreading rate

C.1 Example for the calculation of the theoretical spreading rate relative to the mass
For this example of a typical filler for automotive coatings, the following usual measurements and their
units are used:
NV = 60 %
ρt = 1,8 g/cm3
td = 35 µm
When inserting these values into Formula (3), the theoretical spreading rate relative to the mass, in
square metres per kilogram, is given in Formula (C.1):
A NV 60
s t,m = = ⋅ 10 = ⋅ 10 = 9, 5 (C.1)
m ρ t ⋅t d 1, 8 ⋅ 35
In this example, 1 kg of the coating material can be used for coating an area of 9,5 m2.

C.2 Example for the calculation of the theoretical spreading rate relative to the
volume
For this example of the same filler as in C.1, the usual measurements and their units are used:
NV = 60 % ρ1 = 1,3 g/cm3
ρt = 1,8 g/cm3 ρ2 = 0,9 g/cm3
td = 35 µm
When inserting these values into Formula (4), the theoretical spreading rate relative to the volume, in
square metres per litre, is given in Formula (C.2):
A NV ⋅ ρ 1 60 ⋅ 1, 3
s t,V = = ⋅ 10 = ⋅ 10 = 12, 4 (C.2)
V ρ t ⋅t d 1, 8 ⋅ 35
In this example, 1 l of the coating material can be used for coating an area of 12,4 m2.

© ISO 2015 – All rights reserved  11

BS EN ISO 3233-3:2015
ISO 3233-3:2015(E)


Annex D
(informative)

Overview on the existing methods for determination of non-

volatile-matter content and volume of non-volatile matter

Determined Calculated
Standard Result
(practical) (theoretical)
ISO 3233-1 Practical per- Mass of the uncoated disc or plate Practical dry-film density ρp of the test
centage volume in air m1 portion, mean value of three determina-
of non-volatile tions
Mass of the uncoated disc or plate
matter NV V
immersed in the immersion liquid Non-volatile-matter content NVm a of the
m2 test portion, mean value of three determi-
nations
Mass of the wet coated disc or
plate m3 Non-volatile matter by volume NV V, calcu-
lated from the mean values above
Mass of the dry coated disc or
plate in air m4 Spreading rate relative to the mass sm
Mass of the dry coated disc or Spreading rate relative to the volume sV
plate immersed in the immersion
liquid m5
Density of immersion liquid ρ1
Density of the coating material ρ2
ISO 3233-2 Practical per- Mass of the uncoated plate in air Practical dry-film density ρp of the test
centage volume m1 portion, mean value of two determina-
of non-volatile tions
Mass of the uncoated plate
matter NV V,p
immersed in the immersion liquid Practical non-volatile matter by volume
m2 NV V,p, mean value of two determinations
Mass of the dry coated plate in air Practical spreading rate relative to the
m3 mass sp,m
Mass of the dry coated plate Practical spreading rate relative to the
immersed in the immersion liquid volume sp,V
m4
Density of immersion liquid ρ1
Density of the coating material ρ2
NV of the coating material in
accordance with ISO 3251
ISO 3233-3 Theoretical per- NV of the coating material in Theoretical dry-film density ρt of the test
centage volume accordance with ISO 3251 portion, single determination
of non-volatile
Density of the coating material ρ1 Theoretical non-volatile matter by volume
matter NV V,t
NV V,t
Density of the solvents (main sol-
vent) in the coating material ρ2 Theoretical spreading rate relative to the
mass s t,m
Theoretical spreading rate relative to the
volume s t,V
a The subscript “m” has been introduced because ISO  3233-1 and ISO  3251 specify different conditions for the
determination of NV.

12  © ISO 2015 – All rights reserved

 BS EN ISO 3233-3:2015
ISO 3233-3:2015(E)


Determined Calculated
Standard Result
(practical) (theoretical)
ISO 3251 Non-vola- Masses of the empty dish m1, dish Percentage by mass of non-volatile-matter
tile-matter with the wet coating material m2, content NV
content NV and dish with the residue after
drying m3
Mean value of duplicates
a The subscript “m” has been introduced because ISO  3233-1 and ISO  3251 specify different conditions for the
determination of NV.

© ISO 2015 – All rights reserved  13

BS EN ISO 3233-3:2015
ISO 3233-3:2015(E)


Bibliography

[1] ISO 4618:2014, Paints and varnishes — Terms and definitions

[2] ISO  6504-3, Paints and varnishes — Determination of hiding power — Part 3: Determination of
contrast ratio of light-coloured paints at a fixed spreading rate
[3] ASTM D 2697, Standard Test Method for Volume Nonvolatile Matter in Clear or Pigmented Coatings
[4] ASTM D 5201-05a, Standard Practice for Calculating Formulation Physical Constants of Paints and
Coatings

14  © ISO 2015 – All rights reserved

BS EN ISO 3233-3:2015
ISO 3233-3:2015(E)
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