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Ø If the data is presented in the numerical form, it will not attract the attention of the audience.
Ø In order to attract the attention of the audience, Graphical Representation method is usually adopted.
Ø Very difficult to include and study the small differences in large measurements.
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8/2/22, 12:03 PM Graphical Representation of Data (Line Graph, Bar Diagram & Histogram)
Ø Further processing and analysis of data are not possible with graphs.
Ø If more than one graph is used in the study, all graphs should be numbered chronologically.
Ø The size of the graph should fit in the size of the paper / PPT slide.
(3). Histogram
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8/2/22, 12:03 PM Graphical Representation of Data (Line Graph, Bar Diagram & Histogram)
(7). Ogive
Ø The height of the line denotes the magnitude of the observation / class.
Ø Advantages of line diagram: quick and simple method, comparison become easy.
Example: A study on the number of accidents in the year 2015 in a particular area is given below. Draw a line graph to represent the data.
Solution
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8/2/22, 12:03 PM Graphical Representation of Data (Line Graph, Bar Diagram & Histogram)
Ø Bar diagram is a chart that presents grouped data with rectangular bars.
Ø Height of the bar is proportional to the magnitude of the item in the class
Ø Bars are drawn vertically or horizontally with equal spacing between them.
Ø The width of the bars and the space between them are kept constant.
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8/2/22, 12:03 PM Graphical Representation of Data (Line Graph, Bar Diagram & Histogram)
Ø In a vertical bar diagram, the independent variables are shown on the X axis, while the dependent variables are shown on the Y axis.
Solution
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8/2/22, 12:03 PM Graphical Representation of Data (Line Graph, Bar Diagram & Histogram)
Ø Different colors or shades are used to distinguish different bars in a single set
Example: Draw a bar diagram using the following data showing the pass percentage of different subjects in five years
Solution
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8/2/22, 12:03 PM Graphical Representation of Data (Line Graph, Bar Diagram & Histogram)
Ø Different colours or shades are used to distinguish the compartments of the bar.
Ø The distance between the bar and the width of the bar is kept constant.
Example: Number of science graduate students in a college is given below. Draw a subdivided bar diagram using the following data.
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8/2/22, 12:03 PM Graphical Representation of Data (Line Graph, Bar Diagram & Histogram)
Solution
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8/2/22, 12:03 PM Graphical Representation of Data (Line Graph, Bar Diagram & Histogram)
Ø Percentage bar diagram is a diagram which exhibits a simple analysis of statistical data in terms of percentage.
Ø The size of each compartment of a bar corresponds to the percentage of that component with respect to the total.
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8/2/22, 12:03 PM Graphical Representation of Data (Line Graph, Bar Diagram & Histogram)
(2). Histogram
Ø A histogram quickly tells how many items are there in each numerical category.
Ø In the histogram, the columns representing each class are in close contact and there is no space between them.
Ø The absence of inter-bar space denotes the continuity of classes in the histogram.
Construction of a Histogram
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8/2/22, 12:03 PM Graphical Representation of Data (Line Graph, Bar Diagram & Histogram)
Solution:
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8/2/22, 12:03 PM Graphical Representation of Data (Line Graph, Bar Diagram & Histogram)
Importance of histogram
Ø The area of blocks in the histogram clearly shows the frequency of each class.
Ø Histogram shows the spread of observations (uniformly spread or randomly spread or showing central tendency).
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