SAI INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL

CHEMISTRY INVESTIGATORY PROJECT

(2023-2024)

ANALYSIS OF PH OF ACID
AND BASES
GUIDED BY-
MRS. MINATI BEHERA

SUBMITTED BY-:
NAME-:PUNEET KUMAR PALO
CLASS and SECTION-:12-E
Admission Number-:12072
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CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that this “Chemistry
Investigatory Project” on the topic
“Analysis of Ph of Acid and Base” has
been successfully completed by Puneet
Kumar Palo of Class XII-E under the
guidance of Mrs. Minati Behera in
particular fulfilment of the curriculum
of Central Board of Secondary
Education {CBSE} leading to the award
of annual examination of the year
2023-24.

Teacher In Charge External Examiner

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I have taken efforts in this project.
However, it would not have been possible
without the kind support and help of many
individuals. I would like to thank my
principal Shri Nilakanth Panigrahi and
school for providing me with facilities
required to do my project. I am highly
indebted to my Chemistry teacher, Mrs.
Minati Behera , for his invaluable guidance
which has sustained my efforts in all the
stages of this project work. I would also
like to thank my parents for their
continuous support and encouragement. My
thanks and appreciation also go to my fellow
classmates and the laboratory assistant in
developing the project and to the people
who have willingly helped me out with their
abilities.
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DECLARATION

I hereby declare that the

investigatory project entitled To
prepare Analysis of Ph of Acid and
Base has been carried out by my own
efforts and in fact arrived at my
observation under the guidance &
motivation of subject teacher
Mrs.Minati Behera.
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Table of Contents

● pH Chemistry
● pH Abbreviation
● Why Does a Water Source Change pH?
● pH of Acids and Bases
● Limitations of pH Scale
● pH Scale
● Recommended Videos
● How to Calculate pH?
● Importance of pH
● Points to Remember on pH Scale
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The pH scale can be traced to a series of standard solutions

whose pH is defined by international agreement. By

calculating the potential difference between a hydrogen

electrode and a standard electrode such as the silver

chloride electrode, primary pH standard values are

calculated using a concentration cell with transference.

A glass electrode and pH metre, or colour-changing

indicator, may be used to measure the pH of aqueous

solutions.
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Limitations of pH Scale
pH value of a solution does not instantaneously give us an idea of

the relative strength of the solution.

● pH is zero for 1N solution of strong acid.

● pH is negative for concentrations 2N, 3N, ION of strong acids.

● At higher concentrations, in place of pH Hammett acidity functions

are used.

pH Scale

pH Scale

The concentration of hydronium ion is conveniently expressed

on a logarithmic scale. This scale is known as pH scale. pH

of acids and bases is defined as the negative logarithm (with

base 10) of activity of hydrogen ion (H+).

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pH Example Chart

pH Value and Nature of a Solution

● If [H+] > 10-7, pH is less than 7 and the solution is

acidic.

● If [H+] = 10-7, pH is 7 and the solution is neutral.

● If [H+] < 10-7, pH is more than 7 and the solution is

basic
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