DAVAO DOCTORS COLLEGE INC.
pattern of the sound in time and
ART APPRECIATION
MODULE 3 MUSIC
WHAT IS MUSIC?
Music
Music is an instrumental art that originates
in nature and has been taken up by
humanity to express. It has the power to
influence the emotional and psychological
aspects of behavior.
It has Major Elements:
● Harmony- comes from the Greek
harmonia, meaning "joint or
agreement, " which refers to the
pitch's verticalization. It is often
thought of as the art of combining
pitches into chords. These chords
are arranged into sentence-like
patterns called chord progressions.
● Key- It is known as tonality, a
principle in music composition
wherein there is a feeling of
completion at the end of the piece by
going back to the tonic.
● Melody- comes from a Greek
meloidia, which means "singing" or
"chanting, " which refers to the tune
of a song or piece of music.
● Pitch- It refers to the perceptual
property that allows the ordering of
sounds on a Frequency. It is a
related scale either low or high.
● Rhythm- It comes from the Greek
word rhythmos, which means "any
regular recurring motion." It is the
beats in music.
● Tempo- It regards the speed (slow
or fast) of a given piece of music.
● Texture- It refers to how the
harmonic materials are combined in
a composition. It could be
monophonic (single melodic line),
polyphonic (two or more melodic
lines) Or homophonic (the main
melody accompanied by chords).
● Timbre- refers to the quality of the
sound (tone) that distinguishes one
voice or instrument from another
Essentials of Songwriting
● The song is a composition for a
voice or voice, performed by singing.
Musical instruments may
accompany a song, or it may be
unaccompanied, as in the Cappella
songs. It may be for a solo, a duet,
trio, or a group involving more voices
like in choral works. Songwriting
techniques are about what should be
done to succeed
The Standard Essentials in Songwriting
● Arrangement- it is a
reconceptualization of a previously
composed work. It includes the order
in which the sections of music are
placed(such as
intro-verse-chorus-verse-chorus)
and the organization of the
instrumentation, vocals, or other
parts of music that make up the
song.
● Beat and Rhythm. The beat is the
speed (tempo) of the song that
drives the listener to feel either
fast or slow. On the other hand, the
rhythm is the beat that the various
instruments such as bass, drum, and
guitar have produced.
● Chords (Chord Progression) refers
to any harmonic set of pitches used
to accompany the song's melody. It
is formed when multiple pitches
(notes on a musical instrument) are
placed on staff (a music sheet). It
comes in different varieties,
including the augmented chords,
major chords, minor chords,
diminished chords, seventh chords
(three-note chord or triad), and
Neapolitan chords
(major chord).
● Concept (Story)- All songs have a
storyline. The title of any song will
convey the essence of that story
idea, and the words (lyric) will
expound upon that idea.
● Genre and Style- The song genre,
such as pop, hip-hop, punk rock, or
country, and alternative type of
music, is established by the beat
and rhythm of the song.
● Length- The length of a song is
always considered, depending on its
use. They can be shorter or longer,
but this is the typical length of
today's musical arrangement.
● Lyrics- This term comes from the
Greek word lyrikos, which means
"singing to the lyre." It describes a
concept of a theme, which rhymes in
the sections of music.
● Melody- it is the harmony of the
basis of the song. It is the main line
of music and the basis of the song.
● Song Sections- Songs are divided
up into sections or components such
as intro, verse, chorus, bridge, lead
breaks, etc.
MUSIC GENRE
● Music differs from each other. It
depends on how the musician or the
music writer on how he arranged
and expressed their song. There are
different genres in music; it can
sometimes be a friendly way to work
with other artists.
● It also introduces new fans to the
music an artist is producing.
Different genres of music help in
soothing one’s disturbed soul in the
growth of concentration and cheer
us to live our lives joyfully.
Classical Music
● This music is a sophisticated form of
composition, as it requires skills like
learning the ability to coordinate with
other musicians.
Folk Music
● This music reflects the emotions of
ordinary people. Cultural and
popular music are the two sub-
genres of folk music.
Funk
● This music became popular in the
late 1960s. Funk made rhythm the
essential element while
de-emphasizing melody.
Hip-hop Music
● Always includes using an instrument
such as bass, drums, guitar, piano,
violin, and fiddle.
● In this music, the primary tool is the
bass. This type of music can be
used in different intensities to emote
feelings
Jazz
● It is a sophisticated and strong beat
feature of this type of music. The
main instruments used for this.
● Type of music are cornet, trumpet, or
violin.
Meta Music
● This is a type of music wherein the
melody is influenced by the structure
of the songs (known as "information
music").
Opera Music
● This genre has a fantastic
combination of theatrical art and
musical invention and is played
explicitly in big audiences.
Rock Music
● This music genre requires the vocals
to be accompanied by bass, drums,
and guitar. Sometimes, piano,
synthesizer, saxophone, flute,
mandolin, and sitar are also in this
genre for a more profound impact.
This type of music has several
sub-genres, such as hard rock,
metal rock, and progressive rock.
Trance Music
● This type of music is performed in
clubhouses. Fast tempo and
repetitious beats characterize this
music
Classification Voices and Musical
Instruments
Two main groups of human voices:
● Female voices (including children).
● Male Voices
Voices are classified by their timbre and
range
● Timbre is the quality or “color” of the
voice
● Range is all of the notes that a
person can sing
FEMALE AND CHILD VOICES
● Soprano is the highest voice
● Mezzo soprano ( alto ) is the middle
voice
● Contralto is the lowest voice
● Treble is the word for a child’s voice
MALE
● Tenor is the highest voice
● Baritone is the middle voice
● Bass is the lowest voice
Musical instrument is a tool adapted or
created in making musical sounds. It is
primarily designed to emulate natural
sounds for ritual purposes. Their vocal
range often classifies it in comparison with
other instruments such as the following:
Alto Instruments
● .Alto Saxophone- is a member of
the saxophone family of woodwind
 instruments invented in 1841 by
Adolphe Sax, a Belgian instrument
designer. It is a type of device mostly
used in classical compositions.
● b. French Horn- is a brass
instrument made about 12-13 feet of
tubing wrapped into a coil with a
flared bell.
● c. English Horn (also known as cor
Anglais)- is a double-reed
woodwind instrument in the oboe
family.
● d. Viola- It is the middle voice of the
violin family and between the violin
and the cello. It is a bowed string
instrument.
Bass Instruments
● Double Bass- It is the largest and
lowest-pitched bowed string
instrument in the modern symphony
orchestra.
● Bass Guitar- is a stringed
instrument with a longer neck and
scale length, with four to eight
strings. It is played mainly with the
fingers or thumb by picking,
plucking, slapping, popping, tapping,
or thumping.
● Bass Saxophone- It is one of the
most significant saxophone family
members of low range, usually
supported on a stand while being
played.
● Tuba- It is the largest and
deep-pitched brass instrument. The
Sound is produced by vibrating the
lips into a sizeable cup-shaped
mouthpiece
Baritone Instruments
● Bassoon- It is a woodwind
instrument in the double reed family.
It is played by pressing the reed
between the lips and blow to sound
the instrument.
● Baritone Saxophone- It is one of
the most significant saxophone
family members and is the lowest-
pitched saxophone.
● Bass Clarinet- It is regularly
performed in symphony orchestras,
wind ensembles, occasionally in
marching bands, and plays an
occasional solo role in contemporary
music.
● Cello (Violoncello)- It is a bowed
and sometimes plucked string
instrument. It has a hollow wooden
body with two sound holes and four
strings were running along the body
and neck.
● Baritone Horn- It is a wind
instrument that consists of a brass
tube (usually of variable length) that
is blown using a cup-shaped or
pipe-shaped mouthpiece.
Soprano Instruments
● Flute- It is a wind instrument that
produces sound through the flow of
air from the hole with an elaborate
set of keys.
● Violin- It is a small string instrument,
usually with four strings tuned in
perfect fifths.
● Soprano Saxophone- is a
woodwind instrument used as a solo
and chamber instrument in classical
music or a concert band or
orchestra.
● Trumpet- is the musical instrument
that is usually played by blowing air
through closed lips to produce a
buzzing sound.
● Clarinet- It is a type of woodwind
instrument with a straight cylindrical
 tube with a flaring bell and a Translating Sounds into Movements as
single-reed mouthpiece. New Art Form
● Oboe- is a woodwind instrument ● Digital-generated sounds
with a double-reed mouthpiece, a ● Sounds from vehicles
slender tubular body, and holes ● Sounds from nature
stopped by keys. ● Sounds of movements (dragging,
● Piccolo- It is the high-pitched opening of door, etc.)
woodwind instrument used in ● Sounds of the body parts (clapping,
orchestras and military bands. stamping, etc.)
● Sounds from crumpled papers
Tenor Instruments ● Sounds from a thing or object being
hit
● Trombone- It is a musical ● Any sound that can be generated in
instrument when the sound is creative ways.
produced when the player's vibrating
lips trigger the air column inside the
device to vibrate.
● Tenor Saxophone- is a
medium-sized woodwind instrument
that is very prominent in jazz groups
and is one of the important voices of
a concert or marching band.
● Guitar- It is a stringed musical
instrument with a fretted fingerboard,
typically incurved sides, and have
six or twelve strings, played by
plucking or strumming.

Translating Sounds into Movements as

New Art Form
● Sounds are vibrations that travel
through the air or from a device and
can be heard through a person’s or
animal’s auditory system. This
lesson deals with sounds that come
from nature that are being collected
or generated for the purpose of
crafting a composition that offers a
newly created art form. Some
compositions also utilize sounds
from digital or other sources