MODULE CODE: PASAY-S7ES-Q4-W3-D1

Name: ___________________________________________________ Date: ______________________

Name of Teacher: _______________________________________ Section: ___________________

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION - NATIONAL CAPITAL REGION

SCHOOLS DIVISION OF PASAY CITY

MODULE IN SCIENCE 7
FOURTH QUARTER/ WEEK 3/ DAY 01

Learning Target

In this module, you will discuss how energy from the Sun interacts with the layers of the
atmosphere

Your Lesson for Today

In this module, you will describe the different layers of the Earth’s atmosphere.

BRIEF DISCUSSION

The atmosphere is the gaseous part of the Earth. It is composed of several layers
which have a distinct characteristic. The atmosphere is divided vertically into layers
based on temperature. The layers are Troposphere, Stratosphere, Mesosphere,
Thermosphere, and Exosphere.

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Name of Teacher: _______________________________________ Section: ___________________

The troposphere is the layer closest to

Earth’s surface. The temperature just above the
ground is hotter than the temperature high
above. Weather occurs in the troposphere
because this layer contains most of the water
vapor. Remember the water cycle? Without
water, there would be no clouds, rain, snow, or
other weather features. Air in the troposphere is
constantly moving. As a result, aircraft flying
through the troposphere may have a very
bumpy ride – what we know as turbulence.
People who have used the airplane for travelling
have experienced this especially when there is
a typhoon in areas where the plane passes
through.

The stratosphere is the layer of air that

extends to about 50 km from Earth’s surface.
Many jet aircraft fly in the stratosphere because
it is very stable. It is in the stratosphere that we
find the ozone layer. The ozone layer absorbs
much of the Sun’s harmful radiation that would
otherwise be dangerous to plant and animal life.

The layer between 50 km and 80 km

above the Earth’s surface is called the
mesosphere. Air in this layer is very thin and
cold. Meteors or rock fragments burn up in the
mesosphere.

The thermosphere is between 80 km

and 110 km above the Earth. Space shuttles fly
in this area and it is also where the auroras are
found. Auroras are caused when the solar wind
strikes gases in the atmosphere above the
Poles.

The upper limit of our atmosphere is the

exosphere. This layer of the atmosphere
merges into space. Satellites are stationed in
this area, 500 km to 1000 km from Earth.

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Name: ___________________________________________________
Name of Teacher: _______________________________________
EXERCISES
Practice Exercise 1: “Name Game”
DIRECTIONS: Identify what layer of the atmosphere is described by each characteristic
I am the lowest in the layers
Which provides most of our
weather;
Clouds and storms occur here;
Air is denser and people live
here.
WHAT AM I?
1._______________________
I am so thin, generally part of
the outer space;
The international space station
and many satellites orbit within
me;
Can reflect electromagnetic
waves back to earth;
Making radio communications
possible.
WHAT AM I?
1._______________________
MODULE CODE: PASAY-S7ES-Q4-W3-D1
Date: ______________________
Section: ___________________
I am 50km above the earth; I am the coolest region in the
atmosphere;
With very little water vapor
present; Extending to about 90km
above the earth;
No weather exist so aircrafts
can fly; Meteors generally burn up in
this layer;
But the ozone layer is found
which shields the earth from That’s why the earth’s surface
radiation. is not cratered like the moon’s.
WHAT AM I? WHAT AM I?
2._______________________ 3._______________________
I am the topmost part of the
earth’s atmosphere;
With a large temperature
increase;
Due to high energy ultraviolet
and x-ray radiation from the
sun;
But due to very extreme air, it
doesn’t heat our skin much.
WHAT AM I?
5._______________________
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Name of Teacher: _______________________________________ Section: ___________________

Practice Exercise 2
DIRECTIONS:
List the layers in order from closest to the ground to farthest from the ground.

5
Layers Unique Feature

APPLICATION
Create a reflection of your learning by completing the statement:

I have learned that _______________________________

Now, I realized that _______________________________

GENERALIZATION
The envelope of air that surrounds the Earth where all weather events happen – the atmosphere. The
atmosphere is divided into layers.
The five layers of the atmosphere starting from the ground or Earth’s surface are: troposphere (about 10 km),
stratosphere (about 40 km), mesosphere (about 30 km), thermosphere (about 415 km), and exosphere

• In the troposphere, the temperature decreases as the altitude (height of the atmosphere) increases.
weather happens here, we live here, thinnest layer, the lowest layer
• In the stratosphere, at heights around 10-20 km above the ground, the temperature is almost the same.
From about 20 to 50 km above, the temperature increases. ozone layer and jet stream are here
• In the mesosphere, the temperature decreases as height increases. coldest layer, shooting stars
happen here.
• In the thermosphere, from heights about 87 to 100 km, the temperature change is small; it increases
gradually from about 100 to 110 km. From 110 km to the end of the layer the temperature steadily
increases with height. thickest, hottest layer.
• The gradual increase in temperature with altitude continues to the exosphere.

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Name: ___________________________________________________ Date: ______________________

Name of Teacher: _______________________________________ Section: ___________________

EVALUATION
DIRECTIONS

I. Multiple Choice: Choose the letter of the correct answer.

1. Which is not a function of the atmosphere?

A. produces ground-level ozone.
B. supplies most of the oxygen needed by living things.
C. shields the planet from radiation and falling meteors.
D. makes the planet’s surface temperature stable and prevents extreme temperatures.

2. Which layer of the atmosphere contains ozone that filters UV radiation?

A. exosphere C. thermosphere
B. stratosphere D. troposphere

3. What is the outermost layer of Earth’s atmosphere?

A. troposphere C. exosphere
B. stratosphere D. thermosphere

4. Which of the characteristics below describes the troposphere?

A. The topmost part of the earth’s atmosphere
B. Earth’s weather takes place in this layer.
C. It is where aurora borealis occurs.
D. Most satellites orbit in this layer

5. What is the correct order of the layers of the atmosphere starting from Earth’s surface?
A. Troposphere, Stratosphere, Thermosphere, Mesosphere, Exosphere
B. Thermosphere, Mesosphere, Exosphere, Troposphere, Stratosphere
C. Exosphere, Troposphere, Stratosphere, Thermosphere, Mesosphere
D. Troposphere, Stratosphere, Mesosphere, Thermosphere, Exosphere

II. Identification: Identify what layer of the atmosphere is described by each characteristic listed below.
_______________1. It is where all weather and clouds are found.
_______________2. This is the layer that contains a layer of ozone
_______________3. Where airplanes fly
_______________4. Shooting stars happen here.
_______________5. It is where aurora borealis occur

References:

https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/proxy/JYwKz7QFDKLea-
TPcwVi2IJ6hVvHQTf3hYui_kmB1MTh4lFm3ZRd7AwOj7vJACejYk1bWVUGzT6YrUk6OmD83wSKV_Ud_at1dO_Qy1a8H3g8ViBjM7_7JBsIR3htsv
JalL0zxI3e3nUYnt1xmxJ3
https://www.worldatlas.com/r/w1200/upload/e4/22/16/shutterstock-1697221522.jpg

Prepared by: GENEVEVE D. PORTEM / KNHS

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 MODULE CODE: PASAY-S7ES-Q4-W3-D2

Name: ___________________________________________________ Date: ______________________

Name of Teacher: _______________________________________ Section: ___________________

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION - NATIONAL CAPITAL REGION

SCHOOLS DIVISION OF PASAY CITY

MODULE IN SCIENCE 7
FOURTH QUARTER/ WEEK 3/ DAY 2

Learning Target

In this module, you will be able to discuss how energy from the Sun interacts with the layers of the
atmosphere.

Your Lesson for Today

In this module, you will be able to relate temperature and altitude in each layer of the atmosphere.

BRIEF DISCUSSION:

The Earth is completely, surrounded by a “sea of air” known as the atmosphere. The atmosphere of the Earth
is a layer of gases surrounding the planet Earth that is retained by Earth’s gravity. Earth’s atmosphere is divided
into several atmospheric layers extending from Earth’s surface outward. The atmosphere becomes thinner and
thinners, with no definite boundary between the atmosphere and outer space. This invisible atmosphere can
easily be felt when we swing our hands through the air. Do you still remember the Layers of the Atmosphere?
Do you want to explore the layers of this invisible atmosphere?

Discussion of the Concept:

Earth’s atmosphere can be divided into four primary layers with distinct changes in temperature as the
altitude increases. Starting at Earth’s surface, these layers are:

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Name: ___________________________________________________ Date: ______________________

Name of Teacher: _______________________________________ Section: ___________________

ATMOSPHERIC TEMPERATURES:

➢ In the Troposphere: As the altitude increases, the air temperature decreases.

The troposphere is hotter near the Earth’s surface because heat from the Earth warms this air. Most of
the solar radiation passes through the atmosphere with little or no effect. That radiation is observed by
the solid earth surface and is transferred to the air above the surface by conduction. As the altitude
increases, thus the average of their kinetic energy decreases. The results are a decrease in air
temperature with an increase in altitude.

➢ In the Stratosphere: As the altitude increases, the air temperature increases.

The Stratosphere is cold except in its upper region where has a layer of ozone, called the ozone layer.
This layer absorbs most of the ultraviolet radiation from sunlight. This results in the stratosphere being
warmer.

➢ In the Mesosphere: As the altitude increases, the air temperature decreases.

The mesosphere is the coldest layer in the atmosphere and like the troposphere layer, has a
decrease in temperature with altitude because of decreases in the density of the air molecules.

➢ In the Thermosphere: As the altitude increases, the air temperature increases.

The thermosphere, even though the air is thin in this layer it is very HOT. Molecules of oxygen and
nitrogen are bombarded by radiation and energetic particles from the sun, causing the molecules to split
into their component atom creating heat. The thermosphere increases in temperature with altitude
because the atomic oxygen and nitrogen cannot radiate the heat from absorption.

➢ Beyond the thermosphere is the exosphere which leads into outer space where it is very cold because
there is little to no atmosphere to absorb the Sun’s heat energy.

How does the temperature change with altitude?

➢ As you increase in elevation, there is less air above you thus the pressure decreases. As the pressure
decreases, air molecules spread and further (ie. air expands), and the temperature decreases.

PRACTICE EXERCISE # 1: TEMPERATURE VS. ALTITUDE

DIRECTIONS: Relate the temperature and altitude in each layer of the atmosphere. Graph the estimated
altitude and temperature of each layer of the atmosphere given below.

A.

LAYER OF THE ATMOSPHERE ESTIMATED ALTITUDE (MILES) ESTIMATED TEMPERATURE

1. SURFACE 5 35

2. TROPOSPHERE 12 15

3. STRATOSPHERE 31 50

4. MESOSPHERE 53 -90

5. THERMOSPHERE 310 1,000

6. EXOSPHERE 6,200 0

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Name of Teacher: _______________________________________ Section: ___________________

6200

A 400
L
360
T
320
I
T 280
U 240
D 200
E 160
120
80
40

10
-100 -80 -60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 1000

TEMPERATURE

B. FILL UP TO COMPLETE THE TABLE BELOW:

LAYERS OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ALTITUDE AND TEMPERATURE

ATMOSPHERE

TROPOSPHERE

STRATOSPHERE

MESOSPHERE

THERMOSPHERE

EXOSPHERE

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 MODULE CODE: PASAY-S7ES-Q4-W3-D2

Name: ___________________________________________________ Date: ______________________

Name of Teacher: _______________________________________ Section: ___________________

PRACTICE EXERCISE # 2: TEMPERATURE CHANGES WITH ALTITUDE

DIRECTIONS: Study the relationship of temperature and altitude in each layer of the atmosphere and
answer the questions below (Pls. refer to Fig.1)

Figure 1

QUESTIONS:
1. What is the basis for dividing the atmosphere into four layers?
2. In the Troposphere, as elevation INCREASES, temperature _____.
3. In the Stratosphere, as elevation INCREASES, temperature _____.
4. In the Mesosphere, as elevation INCREASES, temperature _____.
5. In the Thermosphere, as elevation INCREASES, temperature _____.
6. In the Stratosphere, what do we call the point where the temperature no longer increases and remains
the same?
7. What causes the temperature to increase with height through the stratosphere, and decreases with
height through the mesosphere?
8. What causes the temperature to decrease with height in the troposphere?

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Name: ___________________________________________________ Date: ______________________

Name of Teacher: _______________________________________ Section: ___________________

APPLICATION:

1. Why is the presence of ozone above the troposphere important for the survival of living things on Earth?
___________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
2. Why is it necessary for astronauts to wear pressurized suits?
___________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________

GENERALIZATION:

• Features of the atmosphere change with altitude: density decreases, air pressure decreases,
temperature changes vary.
• Generally, temperature decreases as the height increases. However, it does not apply in all layers.
• Troposphere and Mesosphere: as the altitude increases, the temperature DECREASES. In the
troposphere, the temperature remains constant with height in this layer. In the mesosphere, this layer is
often referred to as the cold layer, as the lowest readings in the atmosphere are found here. Temperature
decreases with height, reaching a maximum average value of -90 at top of the layer.
• Stratosphere and Thermosphere: as the altitude increases, the temperature also INCREASES. In the
stratosphere, the temperature rises since the ozone absorb the heat.
• There is no certain relationship between altitude and temperature in Thermosphere, but some references
say that as its altitude increases, the temperature also increases.

EVALUATION:

DIRECTIONS: Read and understand the statements below. Choose the letter of the best answer:

1. Which layer of atmosphere does temperature decreases slowly with altitude?

A. Mesosphere C. Troposphere
B. Stratosphere D. Thermosphere
2. In which of the regions of earth’s atmosphere temperature decreases with height?
A. Ionosphere C. Troposphere
B. Mesosphere D. Thermosphere
3. Which layer of the atmosphere, the temperature increases with altitude?
A. Mesosphere C. Troposphere
B. Stratosphere D. Thermosphere
4. If there was no CO2 in the Earth’s atmosphere, the temperature of the Earth’s surface would be _____.
A. Same as the present level C. More than the present level
B. Less than the present level D. Dependent on the oxygen content in the atmosphere
5. In which layer of the atmosphere is temperature increasing with increasing altitude?
I. Troposphere II. Stratosphere
III. Mesosphere IV. Thermosphere
A. I and II B. II and III C. III and IV D. II and IV

References

www.nationalgeographic; nasa.gov.; topper.com; brainly.ph

Prepared by: MARY ANN G. MAGPUSAO

PCEHS

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 MODULE CODE: PASAY-S7ES-Q4-W3-D3

Name: ___________________________________________________ Date: ______________________

Name of Teacher: _______________________________________ Section: ___________________

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION - NATIONAL CAPITAL REGION

SCHOOLS DIVISION OF PASAY CITY

MODULE IN SCIENCE 7
FOURTH QUARTER/ WEEK 3/ DAY 3

Learning Target

In this module, you will be able to account for the occurrence of land and sea breezes, monsoons, and
intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ)

Your Lesson for Today

In this module, you will be able to explain what happens to the air in the surroundings as warm air rises.

BRIEF DISCUSSION:

What is Air?

Air is made up of molecules that are constantly in motion. As air warms up, the molecules start to vibrate
and bump into each other, increasing the space around each molecule because each molecule uses more
space for motion, the air expands and becomes less dense(lighter). In other words, the same number of air
molecules occupy a large space or size spaced with increasing pressure. Warm air rises, and when it rises it
becomes cooler. That information is key to understanding a lot of meteorologies (Science of Weather).

DISCUSSIONS:

Why does warm air rise?

➢ The reason is that warm air is less dense, so it's buoyant. It rises just like wood floats in water. As the
temperature increases, air molecules move faster and press harder against whatever container is
holding the air. The molecules are flying around at higher speeds, so they are beating on nearby
surfaces with greater momentum.
➢ In the atmosphere, surrounding air provides that equivalent of “container” and this container yields to
the increased pressure, allowing the warmer air to expand and become less dense.
➢ The rising of hot air, called “convection”, plays a critical role in cloud and thunderstorm formation and
therefore a major factor in weather.

What happens to the air in the surrounding as warm air rises?

➢ When air is heated, the molecules will start to vibrate and bump into each other. This will cause an
increase in the space around each molecule. Because each molecule uses more space for motion, the
air expands and becomes warm, its air rises, and when it rises it becomes cooler. Warm air is lighter
than cold air, and so when air is heated it rises.
➢ Increased air temperature also increases pressure. Air pressure is influence by temperature because,
as the air is warmed, the molecules start moving around more, so they bump into each other more
often which creates more pressure.

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Name: ___________________________________________________ Date: ______________________

Name of Teacher: _______________________________________ Section: ___________________

➢ Look at the diagram below. Let us imagine that the circles in the Erlenmeyer flask are air molecules.
The image on the left shows the molecules when the air is cool, and the image on the right shows the
molecules when heated. When the molecules are heated, they move faster and move apart, causing
them to be less dense and rise while the cool air is denser and sink.

Do you remember that the ‘moving air’ is Called wind?

➢ WIND is the moving of air and is created by differences in air pressure. The greater the differences in air
pressure, the faster the wind moves. The differences in air pressure are caused by the unequal heating
of Earth. If you have ever watched the weather, you know that the Earth does not heat evenly. Due to
the tilt of the Earth, the air around the equator is consistently warmed. This warm air is less dense and
rises. As the air rises, it creates an area of low pressure. At the pole, the air is colder and denser so the
air sinks. This cold, sinking air creates areas of high pressure. Pressure differences in the atmosphere
cause the air to move. Winds generally move from the poles to the equator because air moves from areas
of high pressure to areas of low pressure. (Fig,1)

➢ The pattern of pressure is not as simple as the diagram in (Fig.1). As warm air rises, it begins to cool and
eventually stops rising. Then some of the cool air begins to sink. This happens at about 30⁰ north and
30⁰ south latitude. This sinking air causes high-pressure belts in the latitudes. Cold air sinks at the poles.
As the air moves away from the poles and along Earth’s surface, it begins to warm, and the pressure
drops. This pressure drop creates low-pressure belts around 60⁰ north and 60⁰ south latitude. Convection
cells, which are circular patterns of wind, are caused by this rising and sinking of air. The image in (Fig.2)
shows the convection cells.

Figure. 1 Figure:2

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Name: ___________________________________________________ Date: ______________________

Name of Teacher: _______________________________________ Section: ___________________

Practice Exercise #1: HOT AND COLD BALLOON

MATERIALS:
• a balloon
• a narrow-necked soda bottle/mineral bottle
• a pan of hot water
• a pan of ice water

PROCEDURE:

1. Take the balloon and stretch it gently over the tip of the soda bottle.

2. Place the bottle into the pan of hot water and let it stand for a few minutes.
3. To reverse the outcome, place the bottle into the pan of ice water and let it stand for a few minutes.

Pan of hot water Pan of ice water

GUIDE QUESTIONS:
1. What happens when the bottle placed into the pan of hot water? Explain.

2. What happens when the bottle placed into the pan of ice water? Explain.

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Name: ___________________________________________________ Date: ______________________

Name of Teacher: _______________________________________ Section: ___________________

Practice Exercise #2: WHAT HAPPENS TO THE AIR IN THE SURROUNDINGS AS

WARM AIR RISES?

OBJECTIVE: After performing this activity. You should be able to explain what happens to the air in the

surroundings as air rises.

MATERIALS NEEDED:

• box
• Matches
• scissors
• Candle
• Clear plastic
• Cardboard tube
• Smoke sources (ex. mosquito coil)

PROCEDURE: Figure1: Pre-Activity: Set up

PRE-ACTIVITY:

Make two holes in the box: one hole on one side and another hole on top (see draw). Place the cardboard tube
over the hole on top and tape it in place. Make a window at the front side of the box so you can see inside. Cover
the window with clear plastic to make the box airtight.

ACTIVITY PROPER:

1. Open the box and place the candle directly.

Below the hole on top. Light up the candle and
Close the box.
2. Make a prediction: What do you think will happen if.
You. Place a smoke source near the hole?
3. Now, place the smoke near the hole.

Guide Questions:

a. Was your prediction accurate? Figure 2:

b. What happens to the smoke when the source is placed near the hole?

c. Can you explain why?

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Name: ___________________________________________________ Date: ______________________

Name of Teacher: _______________________________________ Section: ___________________

APPLICATION:

1. Why hot air balloons can rise?

__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________.
__________________________________________________________________________.

GENERALIZATION:

• When air is heated, it expands (meaning volume increases) then, it rises.

• As warm air rises, the air in the surroundings will move towards the place where warm air is rising.
• The air pressure is not the same everywhere. In places where warm air is rising, the air pressure is low
while in places where cool air is sinking, the air pressure is high.
• The wind moves from a high-pressure area to a low-pressure area.

EVALUATION

DIRECTIONS: Complete the following statements by underlining the correct terms.

1. Warm air is (less, more) dense and (sink, rises) while cold air is (less, more) dense and (sink, rises)
2. The rising and sinking of air create (conduction, convection, radiation) currents.
3. The (greater, lesser) the difference in air pressure, the faster the wind moves.
4. When air rises, it creates an area of (low, high) pressure.
When air sinks, it creates an area of (low, high) pressure.
5. Air moves from areas of (low, high) pressure to areas of (low, high).

References:
SCIENCE 7 Learners materials pp.322-323
texasgateway.org
grc.nasa.gov
. www.nutspace.in
pinterest.ph

Prepared by: MARY ANN G. MAGPUSAO

PCEHS

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 MODULE CODE: PASAY-S7ES-Q4-W3-D4

Name: ___________________________________________________ Date: ______________________

Name of Teacher: _______________________________________ Section: ___________________

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION - NATIONAL CAPITAL REGION

SCHOOLS DIVISION OF PASAY CITY

MODULE IN SCIENCE 7
FOURTH QUARTER/ WEEK 3/ DAY 04

Learning Target

In this module, you will discuss how energy from the Sun interacts with the layers of the
atmosphere.
Your Lesson for Today

In this module, you will discuss how energy from the Sun interacts with the layers of the
atmosphere.

BRIEF DISCUSSION

Energy from the sun interacts with the Earth’s biosphere; the layer of air, land, and water near the
Earth’s surface where all life exists. The biosphere is composed of three different parts, the atmosphere(air),
the lithosphere(land), and the hydrosphere(water).

The energy from the sun constantly causes changes in the atmosphere, especially in the troposphere
where weather conditions occur. These changing weather conditions affect human activities.

The atmosphere also interacts with incoming radiation through a process called molecular scattering.
Light rays are very small. Huge numbers of small molecules float in the atmosphere. As the light comes from
the sun, these small molecules scatter the light.

DISCUSSIONS
The atmosphere consists of a mixture of gases extending about 100 km above the earth's surface.
The interactions that occur in the upper layers of the atmosphere are mostly influenced by the high-energy
radiation from the sun. The chemistry of the troposphere, however, is significantly affected by human activity
on earth.

What are the three ways in which gases in the atmosphere interact with energy from the sun?

Ozone, carbon dioxide, and water vapor are the three main atmospheric constituents that absorb
radiation. Ozone serves to absorb the harmful (to most living things) ultraviolet radiation from the sun.

Which type of radiation is absorbed by the upper layer of the atmosphere?

Atmospheric layers are characterized by variations in temperature resulting in familiarity from the
absorption of solar radiation, visible light at the surface, near-ultraviolet radiation in the middle atmosphere,
and far-ultraviolet radiation in the upper atmosphere.

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Name: ___________________________________________________ Date: ______________________

Name of Teacher: _______________________________________ Section: ___________________

Let us take a look at the picture.

As you can see in the diagram. The stratosphere contains a

layer of ozone which keeps most of the sun’s ultraviolet radiation
from reaching Earth’s surface. Ozone is formed when three atoms
form one molecule. Ozone is an excellent absorber of the ultraviolet
radiation emitted by the sun.

What do you think could happen if the ozone layer gets thinner
or develops a hole in it?
The ozone layer protects us from the sun’s rays, but it is
becoming thinner. Unfortunately, certain chemicals that find their
way into the upper atmosphere were discovered to destroy the
ozone layer. These substances are referred to as depleters of
stratospheric ozone, including chlorofluorocarbons (or CFCs),
halons, methyl bromide, methyl chloroform, and carbon
tetrachloride. Most notorious among these are the CFCs which have
been used as a propellant in refrigerators, air conditioners, hair net
sprays, shaving creams, perfumes, etc.

Are you familiar with a greenhouse?

In temperate countries, a greenhouse is used to grow seedlings

in the late winter and early spring and later, planted in the open field
when the weather is warmer. Greenhouses also protect plants from
weather phenomena such as a snowstorm or dust storms. In tropical
countries, greenhouses are used by commercial plant growers to
protect flowering and ornamental plants from harsh weather
conditions and insect attacks.
The atmosphere is similar to a greenhouse. Earth’s atmosphere
contains trace gases such as carbon dioxide, water vapor, and
ozone. Sunlight passes through it and gets absorbed by the earth’s
surface, converting it to heat. This energy is radiated back to the
atmosphere. Molecules of carbon dioxide and water vapor in the air
absorb the heat, preventing it from escaping to outer space.
Normally, the heat provides the temperature needed to support life.

The process by which the earth’s atmosphere warms up is called the “greenhouse effect”, and the trace
gases are referred to as “greenhouse gases”. The “greenhouse effect” is a natural process and it warms the
earth. Without the greenhouse effect, Earth would be very cold, too cold for living things, such as plants and
animals.

What if there is increased emission of greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide into the atmosphere?

More carbon dioxide means that more heat is trapped in the earth’s atmosphere. More heat cannot return
into space. More heat trapped by the carbon dioxide means a warmer Earth. The increasing temperature
phenomenon is known as “global warming”. Global means that all countries and people around the world are
affected even if that country is not a major contributor of greenhouse gases.
The enhanced greenhouse effect can contribute much to global warming. And prolong global warming will
bring about climate change. The world is now experiencing various consequences of global warming and
climate change-rising sea level, floods, droughts, heatwaves, and wildfires.

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Name: ___________________________________________________ Date: ______________________

Name of Teacher: _______________________________________ Section: ___________________

EXERCISES
Practice Exercise 1-WHAT IS GLOBAL WARMING?
DIRECTIONS: Read the passage and answer the questions below.
Global warming is the gradual heating of Earth’s surface, oceans, and atmosphere, due to the ever-
increasing amounts of greenhouse gases like Carbon Dioxide. Scientists now believe that the burning of oil
and coal cause greenhouse gases to escape into the Earth and act like a warm blanket covering the earth.
One way to solve this problem is to reduce deforestation, the cutting down of trees because they absorb
carbon dioxide from the air. Therefore, planting many trees is beneficial for the atmosphere. On the other hand,
the sea levels are rising rapidly, and some animals are moving to new habitats because their natural homes
are disappearing. If this is not solved soon, then numerous kinds of plants and animals will become extinct. We
could witness more storms and floods. Furthermore, due to the melting ice, sea levels may rise so much that
people may have to move away from the coasts. Some areas may become too dry for farming. Sadly, we are
all to blame for global warming in one way or another when we drive our cars, fly in an airplane, and heating or
cooling our houses. The best way to help slow down global warming is to put less carbon into the air by using
less fossil fuel.

Guide Questions:

1. What is global warming? ____________________________________________________________

2. Give an example of a greenhouse gas. _________________________________________________

3. What helps to clean the air? __________________________________________________________

4. What will happen when the sea starts to rise? ____________________________________________

5. How are we responsible? ____________________________________________________________

Practice Exercise 2-PICTURE ANALYSIS

DIRECTIONS: Analyze the picture and discuss how energy from the Sun interacts with the layers of
the Earth.

1. Based on the picture, how does energy from the Sun enter the atmosphere?

2. Which layer of the atmosphere contains the ozone layer?

3. If the stratosphere is not present, what will happen to Earth?

4. Why is the ozone layer important to live on Earth?

5. What is the effect of an increase in carbon dioxide in the atmosphere?

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 MODULE CODE: PASAY-S7ES-Q4-W3-D4

Name: ___________________________________________________ Date: ______________________

Name of Teacher: _______________________________________ Section: ___________________

APPLICATION
There are natural processes in the atmosphere that protect and sustain life on Earth. For example, the
greenhouse effect keeps the temperature on earth just right for living things. For as long as the concentration
of greenhouse gases is controlled, we will have no problem. But human activities have emitted greenhouse
gases into the atmosphere, increasing their levels to quantities that have adverse effects on people, plants and
animals, and the physical environment. The burning of fossil fuels, for example, has increased levels of carbon
dioxide thus trapping more heat, increasing air temperature, and causing global warming.

What is the best way that anyone can do to prevent global warming?

GENERALIZATION

Stratosphere-the layer of the atmosphere above the troposphere, extending to about 32 miles (50 km) above
the earth’s surface (the lower boundary of the mesosphere).

Ozone-a molecule composed of three atoms of oxygen and mostly found in the stratosphere.

Greenhouse Effect-the process where greenhouse gases trap the heat in the atmosphere.

Ozon Layer-an atmospheric providing the earth with protection from ultraviolet rays which can sunburn, skin
cancer, and destruction of delicate plant life which supports the planet’s food chain.

Ozone Depletion-destruction of the ozone layer caused by the release of CFCs (chlorofluorocarbons) into the
atmosphere which reacts chemically with ozone and breaks it down into different gases.

Greenhouse gases-gases (primarily water and carbon dioxide, but also a variety of sulfur and nitrogen
compounds and gaseous hydrocarbons) that trap the Sun’s heat in the atmosphere.

Greenhouse Effect-the process where greenhouse gases trap the heat in the atmosphere.

Global Warming is the unusual rapid increase in earth’s average surface temperature over the past century
primarily due to the greenhouse gases released as people burn fossil fuels.

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 MODULE CODE: PASAY-S7ES-Q4-W3-D4

Name: ___________________________________________________ Date: ______________________

Name of Teacher: _______________________________________ Section: ___________________

EVALUATION
DIRECTIONS: Choose the letter of the correct answer.

1. Which layer of the atmosphere contains the ozone layer?

A. Mesosphere C. Stratosphere
B. Thermosphere D. Troposphere
2. What is meant by “trace gases”?
A. They are not harmful.
B. They are emitted by trees.
C. They are naturally occurring on Earth.
D. They are present in very small amounts.
3. How does energy from the sun enter the atmosphere?
A. The sun’s energy enters anywhere in space including Earth.
B. It reaches Earth and enters the atmosphere through radiation.
C. It enters the atmosphere by vibrating through air particles of the atmosphere.
D. The plants in the Earth attract the sun’s energy making it enter the Earth’s atmosphere.
4. Why is the ozone layer important for the survival of living things on Earth?
A. It warms Earth’s surface.
B. It helps in cloud formation.
C. It makes jet flying more comfortable.
D. It offers protection from the Sun’s harmful UV rays.
5. What human activities contribute to global warming?
I. Planting trees in wider areas III. Deforestation
II. Burning of fossil fuels IV. Overpopulation
A. I only B. II only C. III and IV D. II, III, IV

References:
Science 7 Learner’s Material pp. 314-317
Science and Technology 7 pp. 288-290
You and the Natural World Science pp. 340-343
https://www.google.com/search?q=discuss+how+energy+from+the+sun+interacts+with+the+layers+of
+the+atmosphere&hl=en&sxsrf=ALeKk007iS5R6pE4zHWBoWwt_Z7IxlbrQA:1619932627000&source
=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwji-
aqmn6rwAhWNxosBHfeFBYkQ_AUoAXoECAIQAw&biw=1137&bih=730#imgrc=ah6z_D1UT66qGM

Prepared by: Maria Isabel C. Forte

Pasay City East High School

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