Xsw2xw3f rv5tv fr5fr45Recurrent and large forest fires negatively impact ecosystem, air quality, and

human health. Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer fire product is used to identify forest
fires over central India domain, an extremely fire prone region. The study finds that from 2001 to 2020,
∼70% of yearly forest fires over the region occurred during March (1,857.5 counts/month) and April
(922.8 counts/month). Some years such as 2009, 2012, and 2017 show anomalously high forest fires.
The role of persistent warmer temperatures and multiple climate extremes in increasing forest fire
activity over central India is comprehensively investigated. Warmer period from 2006 to 2020 showed
doubling and tripling of forest fire activity during forest fire (February–June; FMAMJ) and non‐fire (July–
January; JASONDJ) seasons, respectively. From 2015 JASONDJ to 2018 FMAMJ, central India experienced
a severe heatwave, a rare drought and an extremely strong El Niño, the combined effect of which is
linked to increased forest fires. Further, the study assesses quinquennial spatiotemporal changes in
forest fire characteristics such as fire count density and average fire intensity. Deciduous forests of
Jagdalpur‐Gadchiroli Range and Indravati National Park in Chhattisgarh state are particularly fire prone
(>61 fire counts/grid) during FMAMJ and many forest fires are of high intensity (>45 MW). Statistical
associations link high near surface air temperature and low precipitation during FMAMJ to significantly
high soil temperature, low soil moisture content, low evapotranspiration and low normalized difference
vegetation index. This creates a significantly drier environment, conducive for high forest fire activity in
the region.

Warmer period from 2006 to 2020 showed doubling and tripling of forest fire activity during forest fire
(February–June; FMAMJ) and non‐fire (July–January; JASONDJ) seasons, respectively. From 2015
JASONDJ to 2018 FMAMJ, central India experienced a severe heatwave, a rare drought and an extremely
strong El Niño, the combined effect of which is linked to increased forest fires. Further, the study
assesses quinquennial spatiotemporal changes in forest fire characteristics such as fire count density
and average fire intensity. 

Across India Indian government has authorized to build hundreds of natural gas fueling station to serven
thousan(` in million unless otherwise

stated)

1,005 1,225 1,192 914 673 401 337 428 425 461

- Superior Kerosene Oil (000'

Tonnes)

32 55 71 34 43 66 74 85 106 d of natural gas vehicles.