Professional Documents
Culture Documents
coordination in human:‐
A well defined endocrine system is present in humans for chemical coordination
Endocrine system is made of endocrine glands
Endocrine glands are also known as ductless glands as they do not have tube or ducts
to transfer their secretions. They transfer their secretion(hormones) through blood.
Hormones (chemical messengers of the body)
Hormones are the specific chemicals secreted by endocrine glands
They are also called the chemical messengers of the body because they carry message
from one place to another to control body activities.
They are secreted in very less amount and work under specific conditions only.
They work on specific body parts called TARGET.
Some important Endocrine Glands in humans:‐
Diagram
Hypothalamus:‐
It is present in mid brain region
It secrets number of hormones which control the secretion of hormones from pituitary gland
Hypothalamus it secrets a hormones called ADH,[ antidiuretic hormone] or vasopressin which
is stored in pituitary, commonly called thirst promoting hormone
Maintains the amount of H2O and salts in the body
PITUITARY GLAND‐
Commonly called the master gland of the body because it controls the secretion of all other
endocrine glands of the body
It secrets many hormones like growth hormones which regulates the process of growth in our
body
The hyposecretion of this hormone results very less growth, the person remains very short this
condition is called dwarfism
The hypersecretion of this hormone results in excessive growth, the person becomes very tall, this
condition is called gigantism.
Pancreas
It is a dual gland present at the junction of stomach and duodenum[small intestine].
It is a called a dual gland because it acts as exocrine as well as endocrine gland.
The endocrine part of pancreas is made of specific group of cell called..ISLETS of LANGERHANS.
Pancreas releases insulin and glucagon which regulate the amount of glucose[sugar] in our
body[blood]
Abnormal functioning of pancreas causes —Diabites mellitus a degenerative disorder.
Both the hormones insulin and glucagon work opposite / antagonistic to each other
Insulin is responsible to lower/decrease the level of blood glucose (sugar)
It converts glucose into glycogen inside liver
Glucagon increases the level of blood glucose, it breaks glycogen into glucose from liver to mix in the
blood
Thyroid:‐
Butterfly shaped gland present at both side of wind pipe/trachea
It prepares thyroxine by using iodine and so it is advised to consume some iodine in our diet[ for
example iodised salt]
Thyroxine hormone is responsible to control the process of growth (physical as well as mental) by
controlling the BMR.
If this hormone secreted in more than required amount it is called hyperthyroidism. The BMR
increase and the person become very thin and lean.[ calendar personality]
If the hormone is secreted in less than required amount the person will suffer from hypothyroidism.
Besides this the deficiency of Iodine in diet causes goiter
Adrenal:‐
They are a pair of glands present one above each kidney like a hat.
They secrets a hormone adrenaline commonly called stress hormone in human. It is because
it regulates the changes takes place at the time of stress like‐BP increases , breathing rate
increases, increased heart beat, increased demand of glucose, erection of hair, sweating etc.
It is also called the hormone of 3F’s because it is secreted at the time of (Flight, Fight,Fright)
Gonads:‐
Testis is present in males and ovary in females to regulate the changes taking place at the time
of puberty onwards [10‐12 years age ]in female and [12‐19 years age ]in males.
Testes secretes testosterone Which regulates secondary sexual character in males as well as
regulates the formation of male gametes sperms.
Ovary secrets the hormone as oestrogen/estrogen which regulates secondary sexual characters
in females and regulation of female gamete ovum.
Progesterone in females is released to regulate the changes during embryo development.
Mechanism of Hormonal Regulation:‐
The release of hormones is regulated by feedback mechanism
It means that amount and time of secretion in hormone is decided by the hormone itself
depending upon its target and conditions, for ex‐ if the sugar level in the body increases
beyond normal level insulin is released to decrease its level.
As the sugar level falls to normal insulin secretion is stopped completing the
feedback cycle