Organic Analysis Scheme

Preliminary Analysis
EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE
1. Colour and Colourless Hydrocarbons, acids.
Appearance Aldehydes etc
Coloured yellow Nitro compounds

2. Smell (odour) Carbolic smells Phenols

Fishy/ammonia Amine

Smell of spirit Alcohols

Kerosene Hydrocarbons

Bitter almond Nitro compounds

/aldehydes
No characteristic smell
May be acids or ketones
3. Solubility

Cold water Soluble Lower alcohols, acids

etc
Hot water Soluble
Aromatic acids (benzoic
dil.NaOH Soluble acids)

dil.HCl Soluble Phenols

Insoluble Amines

Aldehydes, higher
alcohols, ketones

4. Test with Litmus Acidic litmus (B-R) Acids and phenols

Alkaline (R-B) Amines

Neutral Alcohols. Ketones and

aldehydes