TITLE - To identify the given organic drug/compound D9 by Systematic Qualitative Analysis.

OBSERVATION TABLE AND CONCLUSIONS:

1) Preliminary Tests:

Serial Test Observation Inference

Number

a Colour Colourless liquid Alcohols, aldehydes,

ketones, simple esters,
lower ethers, aromatic
hydrocarbons and their
simple halogen
derivatives, lower
aliphatic acids and their
anhydrides, simple
amines.

b Odour Plesant odour Esters, alcohols, aromatic

hydrocarbons, halogen
derivatives of aliphatic
and nuclear substituted

aromatic hydrocarbons

c Solubility behavior: 0.2 ml or 4 drops Soluble

of liquid/ solid or 0.1gm of solid +
3ml of the solvent. Shake
thoroughly. If sample does not
dissolve warm gently and cool to
room temperature.

I Soiubility in water Soluble

II Cold or hot solution , test with Non acidic Alcohols, aldehydes,

litmus ketones, carbohydrates.
aminoacids, nitroamines
and amides.

III If acidic, add a substance to 10% - -

sodium bicarbonate solution
Determination of Physical Constant

Conclusion: The melting point boiling point of the given organic drug/compound was found to be 50°C
IV If not soluble in water, then try in - -
2M NaOH

V If not soluble in 2N NaOH, then try - -

in dilute HCI.

d Action of reagents

I Action of cold NaOH: About 0.2g/3 No specific observation -

drops of compound + 2ml of water +
2ml 10% NaOH and the mixture is
shaken well

II Action of hot concentrated No specific observation -

H₂SO 0.1g of solid or 2 drops of

liquid+ 1ml concentrated H₂SO4,
warm.
III Action of NaCO3 solution: 10ml of No effervescence Acid absent
10% Na-CO₂ solution +0.2g of solid
or 4 drops of liquid

IV Action of KMnO4 solution: 2 g of Decolourisation Unsaturated substance

solid or 4 drops of 0.20 liquid+ 10ml
NaCO₂ solution. + drop by drop
KMnO4 solution.
V Action of bromine water No decolourisation -

VI Action of FeCl3 solution: Substance+ No specific observation -

water + a drop or two of FeCl3
solution
VII Heating on oxidized copper gauze No sooty flame Aliphatic compound
(Beilstain's test)

VIII Heating in a dry test tube. No specific observation -

IX Heating on a clean glass rod. Burn with a pale blue non Saturated aliphatic
luminous flame compound

X Heating with soda lime: Take in hard No specific observation. -

glass test tube, 0.5 g of substance +
Conclusion: On the basis of the tests performed above and with reference handbook the given organic
drug/compound is 1)Aliphatic 2) Unsaturated 3) Neutral
Determination of Physical Constant

Conclusion: The melting point boiling point of the given organic drug/compound was found to be 50°C
2g of finely powdered soda lime + 1
g of coarse soda lime. Lime

If the substance is

liquid, add 5 drops of it to a fine

layer of soda lime. Close the tube by
a cork with a bent delivery tube,
heat from top of test tube
downwards gently at first and than
strongly, and collect the product. _

Determination of Element :

Sr.No Test Observation Inference

a Test for Nitrogen: 3-4 ml filtrate+ No blue ppt or green Nitrogen absent
solid FeSO4, till saturation, heat to ppt
boil for few minutes, then acidify
with con. H₂SO4

b Test for Sulphur:

i) 2 ml filtrate + 1 drop of dilute No intense purple Sulphur absent

sodium hydroxide solution four colour
drops of freshly prepared and very
dilute solution of sodium
nitroprusside.

ii) 2 ml filtrate + acetic acid to No black ppt

acidify + few drops of lead acetate Sulphur absent
solution. iii) 2 ml filtrate + HCI to
neutralize the solution + few drops
of FeCl3 solution.

C Test for Halogens:

Conclusion: On the basis of the tests performed above and with reference handbook the given organic
drug/compound is 1)Aliphatic 2) Unsaturated 3) Neutral
Determination of Physical Constant

Conclusion: The melting point boiling point of the given organic drug/compound was found to be 50°C

I Acidity 5 ml the filtrate with dilute No heavy white curdy Halogen absent.
H₂SO, boil well to reduce the volume ppt.
to one third to expel H₂S if S and /or
HCN if N, already found to be
present. Then add few drops of
dilute HNO3, (to acidify) and AgNo3
solution.

Chloroform layer test Filtrate, acidify

with mineral acid+ 1 ml of
chloroform + few drops of fresh
II
chlorine water, shake well and
observe the colour of the _
chloroform layer. _

Conclusion : Given organic drug / compound found to contain C,H,O element.

Determination of functional group/ groups ( C,H,O )

Sr.No Test Observation Inference

I Test for aldehyde : No pink colour Aldehyde absent

Caros test : Take sample and add 4

to 5 ml of schiffs reagent

II Test for carbohydrate : No violet reddish Carbohydrate absent

coloration at the
Molisch's reaction-Sample H₂O+ 2
junction of the two layer
drops of alcoholic solution of a
naphthol, add concentrated H₂SO4
from the side

Conclusion: On the basis of the tests performed above and with reference handbook the given organic
drug/compound is 1)Aliphatic 2) Unsaturated 3) Neutral
Determination of Physical Constant

Conclusion: The melting point boiling point of the given organic drug/compound was found to be 50°C
III Test for acids : Sample+ NaCO3 or No effervescence Acid absent.
NaHCO₂

IV Test for phenol : Sample + 1 drop of No green , blue , violet Phenol absent .
fresh aqueous FeCl3 precipitate

V Esters of anhydride Test: Substance No changes in colour Esters of anhydride

H2O+1 drop of phenolphthalein+ occur. absent.
0.1N NaOH + heat

VI Test for ketones : To a small Red color. Ketone present.

quantity of the substance. add a few
drops of sodium nitropusside and
then a few drops of NaOH.

Dinitrobenzene test : To 1 ml of the

substance add about 0.1 gm of
powdered m-dinitrobenzene and A violet coloration is Ketone ( acetone )
then an excess of NaOH solution and produced which fades present.
Shake. slowly

Conclusion: The given organic drug/compound was found to contain ketone ( RCOR'*) functional
group/groups.

Result : The given organic drug/compound was having 50°C boiling point. C, H, O elements and Ketone
(RCOR') group/groups, therefore with reference to literature, the organic drug/ compound may be
Acetone .

Confirmative test : ( Specific colour reaction or derivative )

Sr. TEST OBSERVATION INFERENCE
NO
I Few ml of organic liquid+ 2ml of White ppt Acetone Confirmed
saturated solution of sodium
disulphide shake well

Conclusion: On the basis of the tests performed above and with reference handbook the given organic
drug/compound is 1)Aliphatic 2) Unsaturated 3) Neutral
Determination of Physical Constant

Conclusion: The melting point boiling point of the given organic drug/compound was found to be 50°C
II 1 ml of liquid + 2 ml of sodium Red colour changes to Acetone Confirmed
nitroprusside+ drop of NAOH violet colour
solution+ Glacial acetic acid

III 3. 2ml of sample+ 5ml of Na2Co3 + Deep yellow ppt Acetone Confirmed
iodine in pot. Iodide

Structural formula and category :

Structure :

Category : Solvent

Conclusion: On the basis of the tests performed above and with reference handbook the given organic
drug/compound is 1)Aliphatic 2) Unsaturated 3) Neutral