Expt No :

Date :
IDENTIFICATION OF FUNCTIONAL GROUP PRESENT IN THE GIVEN ORGANIC COMPOUND
Test for Aldehydic Group
To identify the presence of aldehydic group in the given Organic compound.
Materials required
Organic compound, rectified spirit, 2,4-dinitrophenyl ,Schiff’s reagent, Tollen’s reagent ,
Fehling’s solution A , Fehling’s solution B ,test tubes ,dropper and hot water bath
Test for Aldehydic and Ketonic Groups
Experiment Procedure Observation Inference
Take a small quantity of the given compound in a
2,4- clean dry test tube; add rectified spirit until the
Yellow or orange Presence of
Dintrophenyl compound just dissolves. Now add few drops of 2,
precipitate is carbonyl
hydrazine 4-dinitrophenyl hydrazine solution. Cork the test
formed. group.
Test tube, shake the mixture and allow it to stand for 5
minutes.
Differentiating Tests for Aldehydes
Experiment Procedure Observation Inference
Dissolve a small quantity of the given
Presence of
compound in a clean test tube and add
Schiff’s Test Pink color is seen. aldehydic group is
about 1 ml of Schiff’s reagent and shake
confirmed.
it well.
Take about 1 ml of silver nitrate
solution in a clean test tube and add 2-3
ml of dilute NaOH solution. A brown
precipitate of silver oxide forms. Now
Tollen’s Test Presence of
add dilute ammonia solution drop wise Shining silver mirror is
(Silver mirror aldehydic group is
until the brown precipitate of silver formed.
test) confirmed.
oxide just dissolves. To this add 3-4
drops of the given liquid (or 0.1 g if
solid) and warm the test tube on a
water bath for about 5 minutes.
 Take 1 ml each of Fehling’s solution A
and B in a test tube. Add 4-5 drops of Presence of
Red precipitate is
Fehling’s Test the given organic liquid (or 0.2g if solid) aldehydic group is
formed.
and warm the test in a water bath for 4- confirmed.
5 minutes.
Result
The presence of aldehydic group is identified in the given organic compound.
Precautions
1. Use acids judiciously.
2. Wear lab coat.
Expt No :
Date :
IDENTIFICATION OF FUNCTIONAL GROUP PRESENT IN THE GIVEN ORGANIC COMPOUND
Test for Ketonic Group
Aim
To identify the presence of ketonic group in the given Organic compound.
Materials required
Organic compound, rectified spirit, 2,4-dinitrophenyl hydrazine, Sodium nitro prusside crystal ,
dilute sodium hydroxide solution, distilled water ,test tubes and dropper
Test for Aldehydic and Ketonic Groups
Experiment Procedure Observation Inference
Take a small quantity of the given compound in a
2,4- Yellow or
clean dry test tube, add rectified spirit until the
Dintrophenyl orange Presence of
compound just dissolves. Now add few drops of 2, 4-
hydrazine precipitate is carbonyl group.
dinitrophenyl hydrazine solution. Cork the test tube,
Test formed.
shake the mixture and allow it to stand for 5 minutes.
Differentiating Test for Ketones

Experiment Procedure Observation Inference

Dissolve a small quantity of sodium nitro prusside in
about 1 ml of distilled water in a clean test tube and Presence of
Sodium nitro
then add a small quantity of the given compound. Red coloration Ketonic group is
prusside Test
Shake the test tube well and add sodium hydroxide confirmed.
solution drop wise.
Result

The presence of Keto group is identified in the given organic compound.

Precautions
1. Use acids judiciously.
2. Wear lab coat.
 Date :
IDENTIFICATION OF FUNCTIONAL GROUP PRESENT IN THE GIVEN ORGANIC COMPOUND
Tests for Amino Group
Aim
To identify the presence of amino group in the given Organic compound.

Materials required

Organic compound , dilute Hydrochloric acid , moist red litmus paper ,sodium nitrite ,β Naphthol , distilled
water ,dilute hydrochloric acid ,dilute NaOH , cold water ,test tubes ,droppers and Watch glass

Experiment Procedure Observation Inference

Take a small quantity of the given compound in a Compound is
Solubility Compound may
clean test tube and add 2-3 ml of dil.HCl and shake soluble in
Test be amine.
the test tube well. dil.HCl.
Place a drop of the given liquid (or a pinch of solid) Red litmus Compound may
Litmus Test
on a moist red litmus paper. turns to blue. be amine.
Take three test tubes A, B and C. In test tube A,
dissolve a small quantity of the compound in 2 ml of
HCl. In test tube B, prepare an aqueous solution of Presence of
Formation of a
Azo-Dye sodium nitrite. In test tube C, dissolve a small aromatic
red or orange
Test quantity of β-naphthol in dilute sodium hydroxide. primary amine
dye.
Place all the three test tubes in an ice bath. Now add is confirmed.
sodium nitrite solution into test tube A and the
resulting solution is added to test tube C.
Result

The presence of amino group is identified in the given organic compound.

Precautions
1. Wear lab coat.

Expt No :