GENERAL PROCEDURE for THE

SYSTEMATIC ANALYSIS OF ORGANIC

COMPOUNDS

Tests for Carboxylic Group

S. No. EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE

1 Ester Test

Take about 1 ml of the given liquid

in a clean dry test tube, add about 1
Presence of
ml of Ethanol and 2-3 drops of conc. A fruity smell is
Carboxylic group.
sulphuric acid. Warm the mixture on produced.
a water bath for about 10 minutes.
Pour it into about 20 ml of cold
water taken in a beaker.
2 Sodium Hydrogen Carbonate Test
Take 1 ml of the given organic Brisk effervescence is Presence of
compound in a test tube and add a observed. Carboxylic group
pinch of sodium hydrogen
carbonate to it.

Tests for aldehydic Group

S. No. EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE

1 Schiff’s Test Pink colour is seen.
Dissolve a small quantity of the
Presence of
given compound in a clean test tube
Aldehydic group.
and add about 1 ml of Schiff’s
reagent and shake it well.
2 Fehling’s Test Red precipitate is Presence of
Take 1 ml each of Fehling’s solution formed. Aldehydic group.
A and B in a test tube. Add 4-5 drops
of the given organic liquid and
warm the test in a water bath for 4-5
minutes.
Tests for Phenolic Group

S. No. EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE

1 Litmus Test Blue litmus turns to
Take a few drop of the given liquid red. Presence of Phenolic
in a clean test tube and add blue group.
litmus solution.
2 Ferric chloride Test Violet colour is seen Presence of Phenolic
Take about 1 ml of neutral ferric group.
chloride solution in a clean test tube
and add 2-3 drops of the given
liquid

Tests for Amino Group

S. No. EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE

1 Litmus Test Red litmus turns to
Take a few drop of the given liquid blue. Presence of Amino
in a clean test tube and add Red group.
litmus solution.
2 Carbylamines Test An offensive smell is Presence of Amino
Take a small quantity of solid KOH in produced. group.
a clean dry test tube and add about
2 ml of ethanol. Warm the test tube
until the pellets dissolve. To this add
a few drops of chloroform and small
amount of the given compound and
warm gently