FUNCTIONAL GROUP ANALYSIS

EXPERIMENT NO. 3

AIM:
To test the presence of functional group in the given organic compound.

THEORY:
• Both aldehyde and ketone contain carbonyl group (>C=O) and gives orange precipitate with 2,4-Dinitrophenyl
Hydrazine.
• Aliphatic aldehydes and ketones give white precipitate with sodium bisulphite.
• Ketones don’t give silver mirror test with Tollen’s reagent, pink colour with Schiff’s reagent and brick red
precipitate with Fehling solution.
• Ketones give yellow precipitate on iodoform test.

MATERIAL REQUIRED:
Schiff’s reagent, 2,4-DNP, Fehling A and B solution, Tollen’s Reagent, NaHSO3, I2 ,NaOH,test tube, test tube holder,
beaker, burner.

OBSERVATION TABLE
a) TEST FOR UNSATURATION:
S.NO EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE
1. To the compound add bromine water drop Bromine water does not Compound is saturated.
by drop and shake the mixture. decolourise.
b) TEST FOR FUNCTIONAL GROUP
S.NO EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE
1. Take 1 mL of aqueous solution of Yellowish orange Aldehyde or Ketone is
compound and add 1 mL of 2,4-DNP. Heat precipitate. present.
the mixture and cool.
2. To the organic compound add 2-3 mL of White crystalline Aldehyde or ketone
sodium bisulphite, shake the mixture. precipitate. group is present.
3. To 1 mL of compound add 3-4 drops of Pink colour doesn’t ketonic group is
Schiff’s reagent. appear. present.
4. To the given compound add Tollen’s Shiny silver mirror is not Ketonic group is
reagent (ammonical silver nitrate). formed. present.
5. To the compound add same amount of No reaction. Ketonicgroup is
Fehling A and B solutions. Heat the solution present.
for 2 minutes.
6. Iodoform test: Yellow precipitate is Ketonic group is
To the given compound add I2 and NaOH formed. present.
CHEMICAL EQUATIONS:
1.

1
 2.

3.

4. CH3COCH3 + 2[Ag(NH3)2]+OH- NO REACTION

5. CH3COCH3 + 2 Cu2+ + 5OH- NO REACTION

PRECAUTIONS:
1. Keep organic compound away from the flame.

RESULT:
The given organic compound contains Ketonic group.