KEINS MATRICRICULATION HIGHER SECONDARY SCHOOL

12th Chemistry practical

Organic qualitative analysis - Simple procedure

Salt - 1 Acetophenone
Tests for aromatic nature
Ignition test: Presence of an
1 Take a small amount of the organic compound in a nickel spatula and Burns with sooty flame aromatic compound
. burn it in Bunsen flame

Tests for unsaturation

2 Test with KMnO 4 solution: No decolorisation take Substance is saturated
. Take a small amount of the organic compound in a test tube add 2 ml place
of distilled water to dissolve it. To this solution add a few drops of a
very dilute alkaline KMnO4 solution and shake it well.
Test for organic functional group - Test for ketone
3 Legal' s test: Red colouration Presence of ketone
. A small amount of the substance is it taken in a test tube.1 ml of
sodium nitro prusside solution is added.
Then sodium hydroxide solution is added dropwise.
Report:
The given organic compound contains
I) Aromatic
II) saturated
III) ketone functional group
Hence the given organic compound is Benzophenone.

Salt- 2 Cinnamic acid

Tests for aromatic nature

1. Burn with sooty flame

Ignition test:
Presence of an
Take a small amount of the organic compound in a nickel
aromatic compound
spatula and burn i t in Bunsen f lame

Tests for unsaturation

2. Pink colour half KMnO4 Substance is unsaturated

solution is decolorized
Test with KMnO 4 solution:
Take a small amount of the organic compound in a test tube add 2 ml of
distilled water to dissolve it. To this solution add a few drops of a very
dilute alkaline KMn O 4 solution and shake it well.
Test for organic functional group - Test for carboxylic acid

3. Esterification reaction: A pleasant fruity odour is Presence of

Take 1 ml of organic compounds in a clean test tube. Add 1 ml of ethyl noted Carboxylic group
alcohol and 4 to 5 drops of con. sulphuric acid to it. Heat the reaction
mixture strongly for about 5 minutes. Then pour the mixture into a
beaker containing dil. sodium carbonate solution and note the smell

Report:
The given organic compound contains
I) Aromatic
II) unsaturated
III) Carboxylic group is a functional group
Hence the given organic compound is cinnamic acid

Salt - 3 Urea
Tests for Aliphatic nature

1. Burn with non sooty f

Ignition test: lame Presence of an aliphatic
Take a small amount of the organic compound in a nickel
compound
spatula and burn i t in Bunsen f lame

Tests for unsaturation

2. No decolonization take Substance is saturated

Test with KMnO 4 solution: place
Take a small amount of the organic compound in a test tube add 2 ml
of distilled water to dissolve it. To this solution add a few drops of a
very dilute alkaline KMn O 4 solution and shake it well

Test for organic functional group - Test for diamide

3. Violet colour is appeared Presence of a diamide

Biuret test:
Take a small amount of an organic compound in a test tube. Hit strongly
and then allowed to cool. Dissolve the residue With 2 ml of water. To this
solution add 1 ml of Dil. Copper sulphate solution and few drops of 10 %
of sodium hydroxide solution drop by drop.
Report:
The given organic compound contains

I) Aliphatic
II) saturated
III) Diamide group is a functional group Hence the given organic compound is Urea

Salt – 4 Glucose
Tests for Aliphatic nature

1. Burn with non sooty f

Ignition test: lame Presence of an aliphatic
Take a small amount of the organic compound in a nickel
compound
spatula and burn i t in Bunsen f lame

Tests for unsaturation

2 Test with KMnO 4 solution: No decolonization take Substance is

Take a small amount of the organic compound in a test tube add 2 ml of distilled place saturated
water to dissolve it. To this solution add a few drops of a very dilute alkaline
KMn O 4 solution and shake it well.

Test for aldehydes

3 Tollen’s reagent test Shining silver mirror Presence of an
Take 2ml of tollen’s reagent in a clean dry test tube. Add3-4 drops of organic compound (or 0.2 is formed aldehyde
gram of solid) to it and warm the mixture on a water bath for about 5 minutes

4 Felhing’s test: Red precipitate is Presence of an

Take 1ml each of fehling solution A and B are taken in a test tube. Add 4-5 formed aldehyde
drops of organic compound (or 0.2 gram of solid) to it and warm the mixture on a water bath
for about 5 minutes

Test for organic functional group - Test for carbohydrates

5 Violet ring is formed at Presence of
Molisch' s test: the junction of two carbohydrate
Take a small amount of an organic compound in a test tube. It is dissolved in 2 ml of liquids
water. Add 3 - 4 drops of alpha naphthol to it.Then add con. Sulphuric acid through
the sides of the test tube carefully.
Report:
The given organic compound contains

I) Aliphatic
II) Saturated
III) Carbohydrate is a functional group
Hence the given organic compound is Glucose

Salt- 5 Aniline
Tests for aromatic nature

1. Burn with sooty flame

Ignition test:
Presence of an
Take a small amount of the organic compound in a nickel spatula and burn
aromatic compound
i t in Bunsen f lame

Tests for unsaturation

2. Test with KMnO 4 solution: No decolorisation take Substance is saturated

Take a small amount of the organic compound in a test tube add 2 ml of place
distilled water to dissolve it. To this solution add a few drops of a very
dilute alkaline KMn O 4 solution and shake it well.

Test for organic functional group - Test for an amine

3. Scarlet red dye is obtained Presence of an

Dye test: aromatic primary
Take a small amount of an organic substance in a clean test tube, add amine
2 ml of HCl to dissolve it. Add few crystals of Na NO 2 , and cool the
mixture in ice bath.
Then add 2 ml of ice cold solution of β- naphthol in Na OH.
Report:
The given organic compound contains

I) Aromatic
II) saturated
III) amine group is a functional group
Hence the given organic compound is Aniline