1.

Benzophenone (C6H5-CO-C6H5)
S.
Experiment Observation Inference
No.
Preliminary tests
1. Odour :
Note the Odour of the organic No characteristics change Absence of amine,
compound . benzaldehyde, phenol, ester.
2. Reaction with litmus
paper: No colour change is noted Absence of carboxylic acid,
Touch the Moist litmus paper phenol and amine
with an organic compound .
3. Action with sodium
bicarbonate: No brisk effervescence is Absence of a carboxylic acid.
Take 2 ml of saturated sodium obtained
bi carbonate solution in a test
tube. Add 2 or 3 drops (or a
pinch of solid) of an organic
compound to it.
4. Action with Borsche’s
Reagents : Yellow or orange or red Presence of an ketone
Take a small amount of an precipitate
organic compound in a test
tube. Add 3 ml of Borsche’s
reagent,1 ml of Conc HCl to it,
then warm the mixture gently
and cool it.
5. Charring test:
Take a small amount of an No charring takes place Absence of carbohydrate
organic compoundin a dry test
tube. Add 2 ml of con.H2SO4 to
it,and teat the mixture
Tests for Aliphatic or Aromatic nature
6. Ignition test:
Take small amount of the Burns with sooty flame Presence of an aromatic
organic compound in a Nickel compound
spatula and burnit in Bunsen
flame.
Tests for an unsaturation
7. Test with bromine water:
Take small amount of the No Decolourisation takes Substance is saturated.
organic compound in a test tube place
add 2 ml of distilled waterto
dissolve it. To this solution add
few drops of bromine water
and shake it well.
8. Test with KMnO4
solution: No Decolourisation takes Substance is saturated.
Take small amount of the place
organic compound in a test tube
1
 add 2 ml of distilled water to
dissolve it. To this solution add
few drops of very dilute
alkaline KMnO4 solution and
shake itwell.
Test for Ketone
9. Legal’s test :
A small amount of the organic Red colouration. Presence of a ketone.
substance is taken in a test tube.
1 ml sodium nitro prusside
solution is added. Then NaOH
solution is added dropwise.

Report:
The given organic compound contains / is
i) Aromatic
ii) Saturated
iii)..Ketone functional group

2
 2. Cinnamic Acid (C6H5-CH=CH-COOH)
S.
Experiment Observation Inference
No.
Preliminary tests
1. Odour :
Note the Odour of the organic No characteristics change Absence of amine,
compound . benzaldehyde, phenol, ester.
2. Reaction with litmus
paper: Blue litmus turns red May be a carboxylic acid
Touch the Moist litmus paper or phenol
with an organic compound .
3. Action with sodium
bicarbonate: Brisk effervescence is Presence of a carboxylic
Take 2 ml of saturated sodium obtained acid.
bi carbonate solution in a test
tube. Add 2 or 3 drops (or a
pinch of solid) of an organic
compound to it.
4. Action with Borsche’s
Reagents : No Yellow or orange or red Absence of an aldehyde and
Take a small amount of an precipitate ketone
organic compound in a test
tube. Add 3 ml of Borsche’s
reagent,1 ml of Conc HCl to it,
then warm the mixture gently
and cool it.
5. Charring test:
Take a small amount of an No charring takes place Absence of carbohydrate
organic compound in a dry test
tube. Add 2 ml of con.H2SO4 to
it,and teat the mixture
Tests for Aliphatic or Aromatic nature
6. Ignition test:
Take small amount of the Burns with sooty flame Presence of an aromatic
organic compound in a Nickel compound
spatula and burnit in Bunsen
flame.
Tests for an unsaturation
7. Test with bromine water:
Take small amount of the Orange-yellow colour of Substance is unsaturated.
organic compound in a test tube bromine water is
add 2 ml of distilled waterto decolourised
dissolve it. To this solution add
few drops of bromine water
and shake it well.
8. Test with KMnO4
solution: Pink colour of KMnO4 Substance is unsaturated.
Take small amount of the solution is decolourised
organic compound in a test tube
3
 add 2 ml of distilled water to
dissolve it. To this solution add
few drops of very dilute
alkaline KMnO4 solution and
shake itwell.
Test for carboxylic acid
9. Esterification reaction:
Take 1 ml (or a pinch of solid) A Pleasant fruity odour is Presence of carboxylic
of an organic compound in a noted. group.
clean test tube Add 1 ml of
C2H5OH and Con.H2SO4 .Heat
the reaction mixture strongly for
about 5 minutes. Then pour the
mixture into a beaker containing
dil. Na2CO3 solution and note
the smell.

Report:
The given organic compound contains / is
i) Aromatic
ii).Un Saturated
iii).carboxylic acid functional group

4
 3. Urea (NH2-CO-NH2)
S.
Experiment Observation Inference
No.
Preliminary tests
1. Odour :
Note the Odour of the organic No characteristics change Absence of amine,
compound . benzaldehyde, phenol, ester.
2. Reaction with litmus
paper: No colour change is noted Absence of carboxylic acid,
Touch the Moist litmus paper phenol and amine
with an organic compound .
3. Action with sodium
bicarbonate: No brisk effervescence is Absence of a carboxylic acid.
Take 2 ml of saturated sodium obtained
bi carbonate solution in a test
tube. Add 2 or 3 drops (or a
pinch of solid) of an organic
compound to it.
4. Action with Borsche’s
Reagents : No Yellow or orange or red Absence of an aldehyde and
Take a small amount of an precipitate ketone
organic compound in a test
tube. Add 3 ml of Borsche’s
reagent,1 ml of Conc HCl to it,
then warm the mixture gently
and cool it.
5. Charring test:
Take a small amount of an No charring takes place Absence of carbohydrate
organic compoundin a dry test
tube. Add 2 ml of con.H2SO4 to
it,and teat the mixture
Tests for Aliphatic or Aromatic nature
6. Ignition test:
Take small amount of the Burns with not sooty Presence of an aliphatic
organic compound in a Nickel flame compound
spatula and burnit in Bunsen
flame.
Tests for an unsaturation
7. Test with bromine water:
Take small amount of the No Decolourisation takes Substance is saturated.
organic compound in a test tube place
add 2 ml of distilled waterto
dissolve it. To this solution add
few drops of bromine water
and shake it well.
8. Test with KMnO4
solution: No Decolourisation takes Substance is saturated.
Take small amount of the place
organic compound in a test tube
5
 add 2 ml of distilled water to
dissolve it. To this solution add
few drops of very dilute
alkaline KMnO4 solution and
shake itwell.
Test for Diamide
1. Biuret test:
Take A small amount of an Violet colour is appeared. Presence of an diamide
organic compound in a test tube.
Heat strongly and then allow to
cool .Dissolve the residue with
2 ml of water. To this solution
Add 1 ml of dilute CuSO4
solution and few drops of 10%
NaOH solution drop by drop.

Report:
The given organic compound contains / is
i) Aliphatic
ii).Saturated
iii).di Amide functional group

6
 4. Aniline (C6H5-NH2)
S.
Experiment Observation Inference
No.
Preliminary tests
1. Odour :
Note the Odour of the organic Fish odour May be an amine
compound .
2. Reaction with litmus
paper: Red litmus turns blue May be an amine
Touch the Moist litmus paper
with an organic compound .
3. Action with sodium
bicarbonate: No brisk effervescence is Absence of a carboxylic acid.
Take 2 ml of saturated sodium obtained
bi carbonate solution in a test
tube. Add 2 or 3 drops (or a
pinch of solid) of an organic
compound to it.
4. Action with Borsche’s
Reagents : No Yellow or orange or red Absence of an aldehyde and
Take a small amount of an precipitate Ketone
organic compound in a test
tube. Add 3 ml of Borsche’s
reagent,1 ml of Conc HCl to it,
then warm the mixture gently
and cool it.
5. Charring test:
Take a small amount of an No charring takes place Absence of carbohydrate
organic compoundin a dry test
tube. Add 2 ml of con.H2SO4 to
it,and teat the mixture
Tests for Aliphatic or Aromatic nature
6. Ignition test:
Take small amount of the Burns with sooty flame Presence of an aromatic
organic compound in a Nickel compound
spatula and burnit in Bunsen
flame.
Tests for an unsaturation
7. Test with bromine water:
Take small amount of the No Decolourisation takes Substance is saturated.
organic compound in a test tube place
add 2 ml of distilled waterto
dissolve it. To this solution add
few drops of bromine water
and shake it well.
8. Test with KMnO4
solution: No Decolourisation takes Substance is saturated.
Take small amount of the place

7
 organic compound in a test tube
add 2 ml of distilled water to
dissolve it. To this solution add
few drops of very dilute
alkaline KMnO4 solution and
shake itwell.
Test for amine
1. Dye test:
Take A small amount of an Scarlet red dye is Presence of an aromatic
organic substancein a clean test obtained. primary amine.
tube add 2 ml of HCl to dissolve
it Add few crystals of NaNO2
and coolthe mixture in ice bath
Then add 2 ml of ice cold
solution of β-naphtholin NaOH

Report:
The given organic compound contains / is
i) Aromatic
ii).Saturated
iii).Amine functional group

8
 5. Glucose (C6H12O6)
S.
Experiment Observation Inference
No.
Preliminary tests
1. Odour :
Note the Odour of the organic No characteristics change Absence of amine,
compound . benzaldehyde, phenol, ester.
2. Reaction with litmus
paper: No colour change is noted Absence of carboxylic acid,
Touch the Moist litmus paper phenol and amine
with an organic compound .
3. Action with sodium
bicarbonate: No brisk effervescence is Absence of a carboxylic acid.
Take 2 ml of saturated sodium obtained
bi carbonate solution in a test
tube. Add 2 or 3 drops (or a
pinch of solid) of an organic
compound to it.
4. Action with Borsche’s
Reagents : Yellow or orange Presence of an aldehyde
Take a small amount of an precipitate
organic compound in a test
tube. Add 3 ml of Borsche’s
reagent,1 ml of Conc HCl to it,
then warm the mixture gently
and cool it.
5. Charring test:
Take a small amount of an charring takes place with Presence of carbohydrate
organic compound in a dry test smell of burnt sugar
tube. Add 2 ml of con.H2SO4 to
it,and teat the mixture
Tests for Aliphatic or Aromatic nature

6. Ignition test:
Take small amount of the Burns with not sooty Presence of an Aliphatic
organic compound in a Nickel flame compound
spatula and burnit in Bunsen
flame.
Tests for an unsaturation

7. Test with bromine water:

Take small amount of the No Decolourisation takes Substance is saturated.
organic compound in a test tube place
add 2 ml of distilled waterto
dissolve it. To this solution add
few drops of bromine water
and shake it well.
8. Test with KMnO4
solution: No Decolourisation takes Substance is saturated.
Take small amount of the place
9
 organic compound in a test tube
add 2 ml of distilled water to
dissolve it. To this solution add
few drops of very dilute
alkaline KMnO4 solution and
shake itwell.
Test for aldehyde
1. Tollen’s reagent test:
Take 2 ml of Tollen’s reagentin Shining silver mirror is Presence of an aldehyde
a clean dry test tube. Add 3-4 formed.
drops of an organic compound
(or 0.2 g of solid) to it, and
warm the mixture on a water
bath for about 5 minutes.
2. Fehling’s test:
Take 1 ml each of Fehlingʼs Red precipitate is formed. Presence of an aldehyde
solution A and B are taken in a
test tube. Add 4-5 drops of an
organic compound (or 0.2g of
solid) to it, and warm the
mixture on a waterbath for
about 5 minutes.
Test for carbohydrates
1. Molisch’s test:
Take A small amount of an Violet or purple ring is Presence of carbohydrates
organic compound in a test tube formed at the junction of
It is dissolvedin 2 ml of water. the two liquids.
Add 3 to 4 drops of α - naphthol
to it. Then add conc H2SO4 side
of the test tube carefully
2. Osazone test:
Take A small amount of an Yellow crystals are Presence of carbohydrates
carbohydrates
organic compound in a test tube obtained
Add 1 ml of phenyl hydrazine
solution and heat the mixture
for about 5minutes on a boiling
water bath

Report:
The given organic compound contains / is
i) Aliphatic
ii).,Saturated
iii).Aldehydes and carbohydrate functional groups

10