PROJECT CLAID (Contextualized and Localized Activities Intended for Distance Learning)

Name: Date: Score:

GENERAL BIOLOGY 1 - G11

Quarter 2 – Week 1
Competency: STEM_BIO11/12-Ii-j-17
Lesson: ENZYMES

Objective/s:
• Describe the components of an enzyme
• Determine how different factors affect enzyme activity.

CONCEPT

A fundamental task of proteins is to act as enzymes — catalysts that

increase the rate of virtually all the chemical reactions within cells. Although RNAs
are capable of catalyzing some reactions, most biological reactions are catalyzed
by proteins. In the absence of enzymatic catalysis, most biochemical reactions
are so slow that they would not occur under the mild conditions of temperature
and pressure that are compatible with life. Enzymes accelerate the rates of such
reactions by well over a million-fold, so reactions that would take years in the
absence of catalysis can occur in fractions of seconds if catalyzed by the
appropriate enzyme. Cells contain thousands of different enzymes, and their
activities determine which of the many possible chemical reactions actually take
place within the cell.

The compounds that enzymes act upon are known as substrates. The
substrate can bind to a specific place in the enzyme called the active site. By
temporarily binding to the substrate, an enzyme can lower the energy needed for
a reaction to occur, thus making this reaction faster. The energy required for a
chemical reaction to occur is known as the activation energy. Once the reaction
between an enzyme and a substrate is complete, the substrate is changed to a
product while the enzyme remains unchanged. The rate of the reaction between
an enzyme and a substrate can be affected by different factors such as
temperature, pH, substrate concentration, and enzyme concentration.

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Q2 Week No.1 Competency Code: STEM_BIO11/12-Ii-j17
Competency/ies: Describe the components of an enzyme
 ACTIVITY 1

Directions: Fill in the blanks. Complete the following sentences using the words from
the word bank below.

WORD BANK
catalysts different function
similar substrate amino acid

Catalysts
1. Enzymes are biological ___________ that speed up chemical reactions in
living organisms.
2. Enzymes are protein molecules, which are made up of long chains of
amino acids
_______________.
3. The sequence and type of amino acids are ______________
different in each protein, so
they produce enzymes with many different shapes and functions.
4. The shape of an enzyme is very important to its _____________.
function

5. Enzymes bind with chemical reactants called _____________.

Substrate

ACTIVITY 2

PART I.
Directions: Match the words on column A with their definitions on column B. Write your
answer on the space provided before each number.

A B

______1.
E Product a. Amount of energy required for a
______2.
D Active site chemical reaction to occur.
F
______3. Enzymes b. Substances that bring about a
B
______4. Catalyst chemical reaction without being
______5.
C Substrate changed itself.
______6.
A Activation energy c. Substance that enzymes act upon.
d. Regions on the surface of enzymes
that fit the substrate.
e. Substance formed from the substrate
at the end of a chemical reaction with
an enzyme.
f. Proteins that speed up chemical
reactions.

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Q2 Week No.1 Competency Code: STEM_BIO11/12-Ii-j17
Competency/ies: Describe the components of an enzyme
PART II.
Directions: Label the lock and key diagram below using the words from the word bank.

Substrate

Product
Active site

Enzyme-substrate complex

Enzyme

WORD BANK
product active site enzyme
substrate enzyme-substrate complex

ACTIVITY 3

WHAT IF?

Directions: Briefly explain what will happen if the following scenario would occur.

1. What would happen if a substrate molecule, with a shape incompatible to the

enzyme, came into contact with the enzyme’s active site?
,

The substrate molecule will no longer hold together to the enzyme's active site since it has an incompatible shape to the enzyme, and this
results to slower rates of reaction Drastic changes to the temperature and the pH will cause the enzymes to denature. Enzyme reaction would
slow down depending on the specificity of active site and its binding to the reactant molecule.

2. What would happen to an enzyme if the temperature and pH changed significantly

beyond the enzyme’s optimum level?

If the temperature and pH drastically changes beyond optimum level, it will lead to denaturation wherein the non covalent bonds will be
disrupted and its structure will be unfolded. Thus, slowing enzyme activity present in the cell.

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Q2 Week No.1 Competency Code: STEM_BIO11/12-Ii-j17
Competency/ies: Describe the components of an enzyme
 3. Considering the diagram below, what would happen if you increase the enzyme
concentration?

If the enzyme concentration is increased, the rate of the reaction will speed up. This is happens since the enzyme molecules
become saturated with its substrate.

REFERENCES:

Cornell's Learning Initiative in Medicine and Bioengineering, (n.d.). Accessed September

20, 2020. http://climb.bme.cornell.edu/lessons/2010_Pelet/Enzymes%20and%20
Their%20Functions%20-%20Activity%20Sheets.pdf

Khan Academy. (n.d.). Accessed September 20, 2020.

https://www.khanacademy.org/science /high-school-biology /hs-energy-and-
transport/hs-enzymes/e/hs-enzymes

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Q2 Week No.1 Competency Code: STEM_BIO11/12-Ii-j17
Competency/ies: Describe the components of an enzyme
 Prepared by:

Viridiana B. Paragas
Highway Hills Integrated School
SDO Mandaluyong

Editors:

Lennie C. Masigay Airha G. Villafuerte Airha G. Villafuerte

Content Language Layout

Approved:

Mrs. Roxane S. Villanueva

Education Program Supervisor, Science

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Q2 Week No.1 Competency Code: STEM_BIO11/12-Ii-j17
Competency/ies: Describe the components of an enzyme