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10 iy 11 fY%a‚ i|yd

ixfYdaê; úIhh ks¾foaYhkag wkqj


bj;alr we;s bf.kqï M,, úIhh ikaOdrkh yd fm,fmdf;a fldgia

ieliqu"
ÈkQId ixÔjkS .uf.a
úoHd wdpd¾h
wjOdkhg
2016 isg l%shd;aul jQ úIhh ks¾foaYh 2022 j¾Ifha wysñ jQ ld,h i|yd m%;sidOk ie,eiaula Wmfhda.S lr.ksñka bj;alr we;s úIhh ikaOdrkhg yd
bf.kqï M, j,g wjOdkh fhduq lrñka fuh ilia lr we;'
bj;a lrk ,o iEu bf.kqï M,hla wkqj fm<fmdf;a bj;a lrk ,o úIhh fldgi udf.a úIhdkqnoaO wjfndaOh wkqj fjkalr we;s nj Tfí wjOdkh
fhduq lrkak'
2023 j¾Ifha isg bÈßhg fuu úIhh ks¾foaYfhka idudkH fm< úNd.hg fmkS isák orejkag úoHdj úIhh iu;a ùfï yelshdj jeä lsÍfï tAldhk
wruq‚ka fuh ilia lrk ,o njo i|yka l, hq;=uh'

wdorŒh ore oeßhks"

Tnf.a fm,fmdf;ys wvx.= ishÆu lreKq wOHhkh lsÍu wjYH fkdjk nj;a tAjd úNd. m%Yak i|yd b,lal fkdjk nj;a wOHdmk wud;HdxYfha
úNd. fomd¾;fïka;=j iy cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh u.ska l%shd;aul úIhh ks¾foaY ixfYdaOkfha§ ksfõokh lr we;'
wOHhk ld, iSudjg ms<shula f,i úIhhg ydkshla fkdjk whqßka tfia bj;a l, úIhh lreKqj,g wjOdkh fhduq fkdlr ks¾foaYs; fldgia
flfrys muKla wjOdkh fhduq lsÍfuka Tng by< úYsIag m%;sM,hlg hd yels jk nj udf.a úYajdihhs'
tneúka" 10" 11 fY%a‚j, .=re w;afmd;a iy ixfYdaê; úIhh ks¾foaYs; fldgia b;d mßY%ufhka wOHhkh lr ks¾foaYs; bj;a l, mdvï fldgia
ms<sn| Tnf.a úfYaI wjOdkh fhduq lsÍu i|yd fuu ksnkaOkh ilia lr we;' tA wkqj 10 iy 11 fY%a‚j, tla tla mdvug wod,j bj;alr we;s
úIhh ikaOdrkh" bf.kqï M, iy wvqlr we;s ld,Éfþo ixLHdj b;d meyeÈ,sj fuys olajd we;'
fuh Tnf.a wOHhk lghq;= i|yd Wmfhda.S lrf.k jvd;a by< m%;sM,hlg odhl lr .kafka kï udf.a wNsm%dh id¾:l nj i;=áka igyka lr
isáñ'

ÈkQId ixÔjkS .uf.a


cd;sl mdi,a úoHd wdpd¾h
idfm< ms<s;=re m;% mÍËl
Email – go2dinusha@gmail.com

ÈkQId ixÔjkS .uf.a


cd;sl mdi,a úoHd wdpd¾h
idfm< ms<s;=re m;% mÍËl
10 “”@XY~NQy –pLmE v`ry
p`dm nQpEnw` mt|tm ivw~kr a#wQ sn~{`ry ivw~kr a#wQ i@gnEm| Pl k`lc|@C\q gNn @pL @p`@whQ aq`l
nQymQw @y`~jQw @k`ts
k`lc|@C\q k`lc|@C\q
gNn gNn
10-1 1.1 jWv@y~ rs`ynQk pqn@mhQ - @@sl@y~ @h`~ @q~h@y~ rs`ynQkpYwQkYQy` en~syQm
jWv@y~ rs`ynQk v#qgw~km pQlQb[ an~@v|;Ny kryQ uw~@pY~rNy krn @pY`~tWn @ls en~syQm 10 07 pQtE aAk 09
pqnm h[En~v` @qyQ.
- en~syQmvl kYQy`k`rWw~vy a`qr\Xny kQrWm 1.6 KnQj lvn
s[h` srl kYQy`k`rkm sQqE kryQ pQtE aAk 16,17
- KNQj vQtmQn~ sh jl@y~ k`r\yx`ry vQs~wr vgO@v| k`r\yx`ry
kryQ avX& @n`@v|.
- KNQj h` vQtmQn~ vl m`nv u_nw` l]N
pmNk~ s[hn~ kryQ. X`k wOL KnQj
- (k`r\yx`ry avX& @n`@v|) pQtE aAk 18
- X`kvl N,P,K u_nw` l]N pmNk~ S/Fe/Ca/Za avX&
pYk`X kryQ. @n`@v|
- (a@nkOw~ KNQj vl u_nw` l]N h`
k`r\yx`ry avX& @n`@v|.

10-2 3.1 srl @r\KWy clQwy sm|bn~{ r`XQ vQs~}`pn k`l pYs~w`r - qW a#wQ qw~w sh srl kYQy`k`rkm| mgQn~
srl @r\KWy sh @r\KWy clQwy vQX~@l~;Ny lb`gw~ qw~w x`vQw` krmQn~ vQs~}`pn k`l 09 07 3.5 vQs~}`pn k`l
clQwy kQrWmt,clQw pYs~w`r x`vQwy pQLQb[ pYs~w`r @g`dngyQ. pYs~w`r
vQms` blyQ. - vQs~}`pn k`l pYs~w`r mgQn~ pY@v|gy yn~n pQtE aAk 36,37
vQs~wr kryQ.
- vQs~}`pn k`l pYs~w`r mgQn~ aq`l @w`rwOr#
ukh` gnQyQ.
- vs~wOvk clQwy sm|bn~{ vQs~}`pn k`l
pYs~w`r vlQn~ lb` gn~n` @w`rwOr# vs~wOvk
clQwy pQLQb[ vQs~wr kQrWm s[h` v#qgw~
vn bv pQLQgnQyQ.
ÈkQId ixÔjkS .uf.a
cd;sl mdi,a úoHd wdpd¾h
idfm< ms<s;=re m;% mÍËl
- vQs~}`pn k`l pYs~w`r vl anEkYmN vQvQ{w`
is~mwO kQrWm a@p~]` krnmEw~, gNny
kQrWm avX& n#w.
- e@hw~ srl @r\KWy vQs~}`pn k`l pYs~w`r
vl anEkYmNy sm|bn~{ gNny kQrWm
a@p~]` kryQ.

10-3 2.1 pq`r\}vl v&Ehy pQLQb[ - prm`nE@v| gYh - prm`NEvl gYh a`k^wQy vQs~wr kryQ. 12 12 3.1 prm`nEv pQLQb[
pq`r\}@y~ vQq&`w~mk @s`y` g#nWm an~@v|’Ny a`k^wQy - pLmEvn ayNWkrn Xk~wy Q h` vQq&Ew~ gYh a`k^wQy 53
v&Ehy kryQ. - @l`~h-@s`~dQym| s^Nw`v @vns~ vn rt`v vQclny vn Na- pQtE aAk 66,67
- a@l`~h-nyQtYjn~/sl~fr\ a`k`ry p#h#qQlQ kQrWm avX& @n`@v|. N/S- pQtE aAk 69,70
- @l`~h`@l`~h-sQlQkn~ Si- pQtE aAk 72
3.8 rHpy/3.10 rHpy
10-4 3.2 blyk a`crN vQs~wr kQrWm - blyk a`crN @pn~nEm| kQrWmt srl 09 07 bl@y~ svx`vy sh ehQ
clQwy pQLQb[ s[h` clQwy pQLQb[ nQv|tn~@g~ nQym kYQy`k`rkm| vl @y@qyQ blp$m|
nQv|tn~ nQym @y`q`gnQyQ. pQtE aAk 82,83

10-5 3.3 Gr\;N@y~ s~vx`vy sh eyQn~ @vnsk~ vW @n`m#w 05 03


Gr\;Ny a#wQ pY@y`~jn an~@v|;Ny kryQ

10-6 1.2 X`k sh sw~w~v @@slvl v&Ehy - sEvQ@X~;W l`]NQk x`vQw krmQn~ spy` a#wQ 07 06 6.3 @@sl v&Rhy
X`k h` sw~w~v an`vrNy kr gnQyQ @@sl kt|tly X`k h` sw~wv ~ @@sl @ls pQtE aAk 109,110
@@slvl v&Ehy vr\g kryQ
h` k^w&

ÈkQId ixÔjkS .uf.a


cd;sl mdi,a úoHd wdpd¾h
idfm< ms<s;=re m;% mÍËl
10 “”@XY~NQy –@qvn v`ry

p`dm nQpEnw` mt|tm ivw~kr a#wQ sn~{`ry ivw~kr a#wQ i@gnEm| Pl k`lc|@C\q gNn @pL @p`@whQ aq`l
nQymQw @y`~jQw @k`ts
k`lc|@C\q k`lc|@C\q
gNn gNn
10-7 2.2 mRlqYv& sh sA@y`~g pYm`Nny - @qn lq prm`NEvk s`@p~] prm`NEvk ax&`s 123,124
mRlqYv& h` kQrWmt mvEly @y`q` gnQyQ. s~kn~{y gNny kryQ. 12 07 7.2 s`@p~] anEk
sA@y`~g - s`@p~] anEk s~kn~{y ar\} qk~vyQ s~kn~{y 125
pYm`Nny - @qn lq aNEvk s`@p~] aNEk s~kn~{y 7.3 a#vg`d|@r`~ nQywy
gNny kryQ. 127,128
- a#vg`d|@r`~ nQywy aq`l gNny kQrWm|
avX& n#w.

10-8 1.3 sjWv sh ajWv pq`r\}@y~ @vn~kr pQtE aAk 135- 152
jWvWn~@g~ q#k~vWm s[h` sjWv pq`r\}@y~ sm|pRr\N@yn~ ivw~ kr a#w qk~v`
l`]NQk l`]NQk up@y`~g kr gnQyQ.
10-9 3.4 bl sm|pYyEk~wy Plq`yWQ @ls - bl sm|pYyEk~w@yhQ blp$m @pn~vWmt srl 05 04
sm|pYyEk~w bly @y`q` gnQmQn~ v#d phsE krgnQyQ. kYQy`k`rkm| @m@hyvyQ.
-
10-10 2.3 sA@y`~gvl pvw~n` bn~{n sh - Nacl pmNk~ a#sE@rn~ rHpWyv nQrHpny 10 08 lEvQs~ v&Eh 174,175
rs`ynQk e~v`@y~ gON awr sb[w` @pn~vyQ. kQrWm pQtEvl wQw~ v&Eh
bn~{n - aynQk sh shsAyEj sA@y`~gvl a`k^wQ
@g`d ngyQ 10.4 an~wr\ anEk
- lEvQs~ wQn~ v&Eh avX& n#w. wQwk
~ wQr h` bn~{n
lEvQs~ v&Eh pmNk~ pYm`Nvw~ @v|. pQtE aAk 178,179
- jl@y~ an~wr\ anEk bn~{n ht gn~@n~ jl kYQy`k`rkm 180 pQtEv
anE {Y#vWkrny vWm nQs` bv pYk`X kryQ.
- aynQk h` shsAyEj sA@y`~gvl @x^wQk
gON a`qr\Xnyt srl kYQy`k`rkm| vl
@y@qyQ
ÈkQId ixÔjkS .uf.a
cd;sl mdi,a úoHd wdpd¾h
idfm< ms<s;=re m;% mÍËl
p`dm nQpEnw` mt|tm ivw~kr a#wQ sn~{`ry ivw~kr a#wQ i@gnEm| Pl k`lc|@C\q gNn @pL @p`@whQ aq`l
nQymQw @y`~jQw @k`ts
k`lc|@C\q k`lc|@C\q
gNn gNn
10-11 3.5 blyk xYmN a`crN@y~ blp$m - bl GRr\Ny @k@rhQ blp`n s`{k eqQ@nq` pQtE aAk 191,192
blyk xYmN gNny sh nQm`ny kryQ jWQvQw sQqEvWm| a#sE@rn~ vQs~wr kryQ
a`crNy - eqQ@nq` jWvQw@y~ hmEvn bl yEg~myk GRr\Ny 05 03
@y@qn avs~}` l#yQs~wO gw kryQ.
- bl GRr\Ny sm|bn~{ gNny kQrWm| vl
@y@qyQ
10-12 3.6 bl smwOlQww`v s[h` a#wQ
bl avX&w` gNny kryQ
@vnsk~ vW @n`m#w
smwOlQw`vy

10-13 1.4 sEqEsE kYm @y`q` gnQmQn~ jWvWn~ - yRk#rQy` a{Qr`j{`nQyt ayw~ jWvWn~ pQtE aAk 10,11
@@jv @l`~ky vr\g kryQ @pY`tQs~t`, p~l`n~@t| sh a#nQm`lQy` @ls 12 10
jWvWn~ vr\g kryQ.
10-14 1.5 jWv@y~ aKN~dw`v pvw~v` g#nWm Pl h` bWj v&`p~wy
Q - Pl h` bWjvl anEvr\wn is~mwO krmQn~ e~v` Pl h` bWj v&`p~wy
Q
jWv@y~ s[h` pYjnn@y~ q`ykw~vy v&`p~w vn kYm h[En` gnQyQ. 10 08 pQtE aAk 43-46
aKN~dw`vy vQmr\;Ny kryQ.

ÈkQId ixÔjkS .uf.a


cd;sl mdi,a úoHd wdpd¾h
idfm< ms<s;=re m;% mÍËl
p`dm nQpEnw` mt|tm ivw~kr a#wQ sn~{`ry ivw~kr a#wQ i@gnEm| Pl k`lc|@C\q gNn @pL @p`@whQ aq`l
nQymQw @y`~jQw @k`ts
k`lc|@C\q k`lc|@C\q
gNn gNn
10-15 3.7 gQlWm, ipQlWm sh pWdn - rsqQy v`yE pWdnm`ny sh nQr\qYv v`yE v`yE@g`~lWy pWdny
qYvs~}QwQ pWdny sm|@pY~;Ny sm|bn~{ kYQy`vlQ pWdnm`ny @y`q` gnQmQn~ v`yE@g`~lWy pWdny pQtE aAk 74,75,76
h` ehQ @yqWm| an`vrNy kr g#nWmt qYvs~}QwQ@y~ m#nQy h#kQ bv pYk`X kryQ. 08 06
mRl{r\m sh nQym x`vQw kryQ. - un~nw`AXy anEv v`yE@g`~lWy pWdny @vns~
vn bv pYk`X kryQ.
- nQr\qv
Y v`yE pWdn m`ny @y`q` gnQmQn~
v`yE@g`~lWy pWdn@y~ p`T`Ak gnQyQ.

10-16 2.4 rs`ynQk vQpr\y`s sEqEsE prQqQ - rs`ynQk vQpr\y`s h` @x_wQk vQpr\y`s kYQy`k`rkm 16-1
pq`r\}@y~ @y`qvmQn~ jWvQw avX&w` spEr` gnQyQ @vn~kr qk~vyQ 13 08 87,88 pQtE
@vns~vWm| - vQvQ{ rs`ynQk pYwQkYQy` a`qr\Xny kQrW@m|
srl kYQy`k`rkm|vl nQy#@lyQ. ykd nQs~s`rNy
- {`r` u_;~mky x`vQw kr ok~sQhrN kYmy 101,102 pQtE
@y`q` gnQmQn~, ykd nQs~s`rny krn
a`k`ry vQs~wr kryQ. rn~ nQs~s`rNy
- hQmtyQt| @y`q` gnQmQn~ ykd nQs~s`rNy 103 pQtE
kQrW@m| qW sQqEvn pYwkQ YQy` lQy` qk~vyQ.
- rn~ @l`~hyt skYQyw` @XY~NQ@y~ hQmQ vW a#wQ
s~}`nyn~ ey nQs~s`rNy kQrW@m| kYm@v|qyn~
awr sm|bn~{w`vy @pn~vyQ.
-
10-17 2.5 eqQ@nq` jWvQwyt avX& prQqQ - pYwQkYQy` sWGYw`v @k@rhQ blp`n s`{k
pYwQkYQy` sWGYw`v pYwQkYQy` sWGYw` p`lny s[h` pQyvr a`qr\Xny kQrWm s[h` srl kYQy`k`rkm| 05 03
gnQyQ. @m@hyvyQ.
(gOr# a`qr\Xn pYm`Nvw~y)
10-18 3.8 y`n~wYQk Xk~wyQ sh y`n~wYQk @vnsk~ vW @n`m#w
k`r\yy, Xk~wQy kYQy`vlQ sm|bn~{ jvy pYm`Nny kryQ
h` jvy

ÈkQId ixÔjkS .uf.a


cd;sl mdi,a úoHd wdpd¾h
idfm< ms<s;=re m;% mÍËl
10-19 3.9 srl prQp}vl kYQy`k`rWwv ~ y pYwQ@r`~{k vr\N@k~w - s~}QwQ vQq&Ewy sh {`r` vQq&Ewy awr @vns 10 07 19-1 s~}QwQ vQq&Ewy h`
{`r` vQq&Ewy av@b`~{ kr g#nWmt sh p`lny kYmy a`qr\Xny kQrWmt srl kYQy`k`rkm| {`r` vQq&Ewy
kQrWmt {`r` vQq&Ew@y~ mRlQk n&`y sh @m@hyvyQ. pQtE aAk 141-143
mRl{r\m x`vQw` kryQ. - i@lk~@tY`~n pYv`h@y~ qQX`v sm|bn~{ kr
gnQmQn~ sm|mw{`r`@v| qQX`v h[En~v` @qyQ. 19-2 sn~n`yk wOlQn~
- vQxv an~wryk~ @yqR vQt prQp}yk {`r`vk~ vQql
E Qy g#lWm
gl`yn bv pQlQgnQyQ. pQtE aAk 144,145
- prQp}ykt vQxv an~wryk~ spy` qWm s[h`
vQq&Ew~ pYxvy @y`q` g#@nn bv vQs~wr kYQy`k`rkm 19.2
kryQ. pQtE 149
- pYwQ@r`~{ vr\N @k~w kYmy @y`q` @gn
pYwQ@r`~{yk pYw@Q r`~{y @s`yyQ. pYwQ@r`~{ vr\N@k~w
- sm`n~wrgwv sh @XY~NQgwv sm|bn~{kl kYmy-pQtE aAk 158-160
pYwQ@r`~{kvl smk pYw@Q r`~{y gNny pYwQ@r`~{ pq~{wQ g#tlE
kryQ.

10-20 1.6 jWvWn~@g~ a`@v|NQk l]Nvl rt` a`h`r h` k^;Qk`r\mQk - a`h`r, k^;Qk`r\mQk @@vq& h` k`r\mQk 11 08 2-7 j`n iAjQ@n~r#
pY@v|NQy an~@v|]Ny kryQ. sh @@vq& @]~wYvl @]~wYvl j`n w`]Ny @y`q` g#nWmt a#wQ vQq&`v
j`n w`]N@y~ x`vQw h#kQy`v nQqsEn~ qk~vmQn~ vQs~wr kryQ. pQtE aAk 190,191

ÈkQId ixÔjkS .uf.a


cd;sl mdi,a úoHd wdpd¾h
idfm< ms<s;=re m;% mÍËl
11 @“” XY~NQy – pLmE v`ry
p`dm nQpEnw` mt|tm ivw~kr a#wQ sn~{`ry ivw~kr a#wQ i@gnEm| Pl k`lc|@C\q gNn @pL @p`@whQ aq`l
nQymQw @y`~jQw @k`ts
k`lc|@C\q k`lc|@C\q
gNn gNn
11-1 p`dm 1.1 X`k ptkvl l`]NQk 04 04 -
jWvW ptk an`vrNy kryQ
1.2 sw~w~v ptkvl l`]NQk @vnsk~ vW @n`m#w @vnsk~ vW @n`m#w
an`vrny kryQ 04 04
11-2 p`dm 1.3 pYx`sAs~@l~;N@y~ v#qgw~km
pYx`sAs~@l~;Ny pQLQb[v an~@v|]Ny kryQ 05 05
@vnsk~ vW @n`m#w @vnsk~ vW @n`m#w
11-3 p`dm 2.1 vQvQ{ mQXYN vr\g pQLQb[v - mQXYN yn pqy p#h#qQlQ kryQ. 11 @XY~NQy @pl @p`w.
mQXYN an~@v|]Ny kryQ. - smj`wWy h` vQ;mj`wWy mQXYN yn~n 05 04 pQtE aAk 29,30,31
p#h#qQlQ kryQ

2.2 mQXYNyk sAyEwyQ pYk`X kQrWm mvEl x`gy - mQXYNyk sAyEwQy mvEl x`gyk~ @ls 3.2.3 mQXYNyk
s[h` vQvQ{ nQr\N`yk x`vQw` kryQ. pYk`X kryQ. 05 04 sAyEwy Q mvEl x`gyk~
@ls
- mQXYN vl sAyEwyQ t aq`l srl g#tlE pQtE aAk 41,42
iqQrQpw~ kryQ. pQtE aAk 48,49
2.3 mQXYN @vn~ kQrWm s[h` vQvQ{ kYm - vr\N@l~K XQl~p 05 05
XQlp
~ x`vQw` kryQ - sgn~{ @wl~ - XYW lAk`@v| s~vx`vQk mRl`XY mgQn~ sgn~{ 3.3.8 vr\N@l~K XQl~py
nQs~s`rNy @wl~ nQs~s`rNy krn kYm vQs~wr kryQ. pQtE aAk 58,59

- uq`.kOr#[E @wl~, p#MQrQ @wl~ 3.4.2 sgn~{ @wl~


nQs~s`rNy
pQtE aAk 61,62,63

ÈkQId ixÔjkS .uf.a


cd;sl mdi,a úoHd wdpd¾h
idfm< ms<s;=re m;% mÍËl
11-4 p`dm 3.1 y`n~wYQk wrAg sh vQq&Ew~ cEm|xk -vQq&Ew~ cEm|bk wrAg -m`{&@y~ aAXO @q`~lny vWmkQn~ @w`rv
wrAg h` wrAgvl gON pQLQb[ an~@v|]Ny vQq&Ew~ cEm|bk vr\N`vlQy ekQ@nkt lm|bkv @q`~lny vn vQq&Ew~ 05 04 4.2 vQq&Ew~ cEm|bk
e~v`@y~ @yqWm| kryQ @]~wYyk~ sh cEm|bk @]~wYyyk~ @h~wO@vn~ wrAg
vQq&Rw~ cEm|bk wrAg htgn~n` bv pYk`X pQtE aAk
kQrWm 76,77,78,79,80,81,82
- vQq&Ew~ @]~wy Y sh cEm|bk @]~wy Y yn
@qktm lm|bk vR qQX`vk~ os~@s~ vQq&Ew~
cEm|bk wrAg pYc`rNy vn bv
- vQq&Ew~ cEm|bk wrAg pYc`rNy s[h`
m`{&yk~ aw&`vX& @n`vn bv pYk`X
kryQ
- rQk~w@y~qW vQq&Ew~ cEm|bk wrAg pYc`rny
vn @v|gy bv pYk`X kryQ
- vQq&Rw~ cEm|bk wrAg wWr\yk~ wrAg
a`k`r@yn~ pYx`rNy vn bv pYk`X kryQ.
- vQq&Ew~ cEm|bk vr\N`vlQ@y~ adAgO phw
q#k~@vn vQq&Ew~ cEm|bk wrAgvl pY`@y`~gQk
x`vQw@yn~ p#h#qQlQ kryQ.
@r\dQ@y`~ wrAg sR]m wrAg a@{`~rk~w
wrAg
sRr\yy`@g~ sQt p^}QvQyt w`py sh
a`@l`~ky pYc`rNy vn~@n~ cEm|bk wrAg
a`k`r@yn~ bv pYk`X kryQ.
4.3.5 sAgWw x`N~d
3.2 eqQ@nq` jWvQw kYQy`k`rkm| sh -sAgWw x`N~d 04 03 pQtE aAk 96,97
vQq&`w~mk ktyEwO vlqW {|vnQ wrAg
pQLQb[ q#nEm x`vQw` kryQ

11-5 p`dm j&`mQwQk pYk`X vQq&`@v| mRl{r\m sh - wl p^;~T mgQn~ sQqEvn - vr\wny a`qr\Xny s[h` srl 12 08 5.3 a`@l`~k@y~
pYk`X vQq&`v nQym eqQ@nq` jWvQw avX&w` h` vr\wny kYQy`k`rkm| sQqE kryQ vr\wny
vQq&`w~mk ktyEwO s[g` x`vQw` kryQ - vr\wn nQym - ghnwr m`{& sh vQrlwr m`{& @vn~ pQtE aAk
- ghn h` vQrl m`{& kr qk~vyQ 116,117,118,119
ÈkQId ixÔjkS .uf.a
cd;sl mdi,a úoHd wdpd¾h
idfm< ms<s;=re m;% mÍËl
- vr\wn`Aky - vr\wn nQym pYk`X kryQ pYwQvr\w&w` mRl{r\m
- vr\wn aAky yn pqy p#h#qQlQ kryQ pQtE aAk 129
- a`@l`~k@y~ pYwvQ r\w&w` mRl{r\my
p#h#qQlQ kryQ.

11 “”@XY~NQy –@qvn v`ry


p`dm nQpEnw` mt|tm ivw~kr a#wQ sn~{`ry ivw~kr a#wQ i@gnEm| Pl k`lc|@C\q gNn @pL @p`@whQ aq`l
nQymQw @y`~jQw @k`ts
k`lc|@C\q k`lc|@C\q
gNn gNn
11-6 p`dm 1.4 mQnQs`@g~ a`h`r jWrN kYQy`vlQy - k`@b`~hyQ@dY|t, @pY`~tWn lQpQd 04 04 ]EqY`n~w@y~qW sQqv
E n
m`nv @q~h an~@v|]Ny kryQ jWr\N@yn~ l#@bn an~wPl h` a`h`r jWrNy.
kYQy`vlQ e~ sm|bn~{ en~syQm l#yQs~wOgw pQtE aAk 144
kryQ.
1.7 mQnQs`@g~ sAsrN kYQy`vlQy @vnsk~ vW @n`m#w @vnsk~ vW @n`m#w 05 04 -
an~@v|]Ny kryQ
1.8 mQnQs`@g~ sm`@y`~jn h` sms~}QwQ - @q~h u;~nw~vy r#{Qr g~l@R k`~s~ 05 05 mQnQs`@g~ g~lR@k`~s~ jly
kYQy`vlQy an~@v|]Ny kryQ. mt|tm h` jl sAyEwQy y`mny h` @q~h u;~nw~v
vQs~wr kryQ. y`mny.
pQtE aAk 183,184
1.5 mQnQs`@g~ X~vsn kYQy`vlQ@y - b`hQr X~vsn@y~ y`n~wYny kYQy`k`rkm 6.1
an~@v|]Ny kryQ p#h#qQlQ kQrWmt srl pQtE aAk 148
kYQy`k`rkm| sQqE kryQ. 05 03
- Xk~wQ v`hkyk~/Xk~wQ hEvm`r# ATP vl k^w&
e~kkyk~ @ls ATP vl pQtE aAk 153
k`r\yx`ry p#h#qQlQ kryQ.
1.6 mQnQs`@g~ bhQsY`vW kYQy`vlQy - mEwY nQpqvW@m| kYQy`vlQy 03 03 mEwY` nQpqvW@m| kYQy`vlQy
an~@v|]Ny kryQ @ktQ@yn~ p#h#qQlQ kryQ. pQtE aAk 158,159

ÈkQId ixÔjkS .uf.a


cd;sl mdi,a úoHd wdpd¾h
idfm< ms<s;=re m;% mÍËl
11-7 p`dm 2.4 am|l xs~m h` lvn vl gON`Ag - am|l h` x;~m vl a`@v|NQk 07 05 am|l x;~m h` lvn vl
am|l x;~m h` an~@v|]Ny kryQ l]N l#yQs~wOgw kryQ. gON
lvN pQtE aAk 194,196,199

11-8 p`dm 2.5 rs`ynQk pYwQkYQy` a`XYQw w`p - @qn lq pYwk Q YQy`vk~ a`XYQw w`p 08 05 kYQy`k`rkm 8.3
rs`ynQk vQpr\y`sy an~@v|;ny kryQ vQpr\y`sy prW]N`w~mkv pQtE aAk 207,208
pYwQkYQy` a`XYQw nQr\Ny kryQ
w`p vQpr\y`sy - @qn lq pYwk Q YQy`vk~ a`XYQw w`p
vQpr\y`sy prW]N`w~mkv
nQr\ny kQrW@m|qW sQqE krn
upkl~pn s[hn~ kryQ
11-9 p`dm 3.4 w`pj Pl pQlQb[v an~@v|;ny - vWqrE # rsqQy u;~nw~vm`n@y~ 12 11 u;~nw~vm`n
w`py kryQ kYQy`k`rWw~vy pQLQb[ @ktQ@yn~ pQtE aAk 02,03
p#h#qQlQ kryQ. (@pL @p`w 2 @k`ts)
11-10 p`dm 3.5 vQq&Ew~ upkrNvl jvy h` - g^h vQq&Ew~ prQp}y x`vQw@y~qW 5 5 10.4.3 g^h vQq&Ew~
vQq&Ew~ upkrN Xk~wQy pYm`Nny kryQ s#lkQlQmw~ vQy yEwO a`r]k prQp}@y~ a`r]k
vl jvy h` pRr\@v`~p`yn~ pQlQb[ vQs~wr pRr\@v`~p`yn~
Xk~wQy kryQ. 10.5 kQ@l`~@v`t| p#y
- vQq&Ew~ Xk~wy Q m#nWm s[h` vlQn~ vQq&Ew~ Xk~wy
Q
kQ@l`~@v`t| p#y e~kky x`vQw` m#nWm.
kryQ. pQtE aAk 44,45,46

ÈkQId ixÔjkS .uf.a


cd;sl mdi,a úoHd wdpd¾h
idfm< ms<s;=re m;% mÍËl
11 @“” XY~NQy –@wvn v`ry
p`dm nQpEnw` mt|tm ivw~kr a#wQ sn~{`ry ivw~kr a#wQ i@gnEm| Pl k`lc|@C\q gNn @pL @p`@whQ aq`l
nQymQw @y`~jQw @k`ts
k`lc|@C\q k`lc|@C\q
gNn gNn
11-11 p`dm 3.6 eqQ@nq` jWvQw avX&w` sh 05 pQtE aAk 49-73
i@lk~@tY`nQk~ vQq&`w~mk ktyEwO vlqW i@lk~@tY`nQk~
@mm p`dm sm|pRr\N@yn~ ivw~ kr a#w
vQq&`v vQq&`v pQlQb[ q#nEm x`vQw` kryQ

11-12 p`dm 2.6 vQq&Ew~ rs`ynQk @k`~;yk sAGtk - Fe/cu sh zu/fe v#nQ srl vQq&Ew~ 04 03 Fc/cu zn/fe @k`~;y
vQq&Ew~ rs`yny sh aq`l rs`ynQk pYwkQ YQy` rs`ynQk @k`~; s[h` a#@n`~d k#@w`~d pQtE aAk 83,84
an~@v|;ny kryQ. pYwQkYQy` lQyyQ.

2.7 vQq&Ew~ vQc|@C\qn kYQy`vlQy jlWy Nacl vQq&Ew~ - jlQy Nacl qY`vny vQq&Ew~ vQc|@C\qny 04 03 jlQy Nacl vQq&Ew~
an~@v|;ny kryQ vQc|@C\qny a`qr\Xny kryQ vQc|@C\qny
- qW a#wQ vQq&Ew~ vQc|@C\qn kYQy`vlQyk~ s[h` pQtE aAk 90,91
a#@n`~d k#@w`~d sh sms~w pYwk Q YQy` lQy`
qk~vyQ.
- dvEn~s~ @k`~;y @y`q`gnQmQn~ sQqEkrn @s`~dQym| @l`~hy
@s`~dQym| nQs~s`rny vQs~wr kryQ. k`r\mQkv nQpqvWm
pQtE aAk 96,97
- ykd mw wB @l`~h@y~ vQq&Ew~ @l`~h`@l~pn vQq&Ew~ @l`~h`@l~pn
kYQy`vlQy pYwk
Q YQy` shQwv p#h#qQlQ kryQ. pYwQkYQy`
pQtE aAk 98,99

2.8 vQK`qn kYQy`vlQ pQlQb[ 03 03


an~@v|;ny kryQ - ml b#[W@m| kYQy`vlQyt aq`l pYwk
Q YQy` lQy` ykd ml b#[W@m|
qk~vyQ kYQy`vlQy
pQtE aAk 103

ÈkQId ixÔjkS .uf.a


cd;sl mdi,a úoHd wdpd¾h
idfm< ms<s;=re m;% mÍËl
p`dm nQpEnw` mt|tm ivw~kr a#wQ sn~{`ry ivw~kr a#wQ i@gnEm| Pl k`lc|@C\q gNn @pL @p`@whQ aq`l
nQymQw @y`~jQw @k`ts
k`lc|@C\q k`lc|@C\q
gNn gNn
11-13 p`dm 3.7 vQq&Ew~ cEm|bk bly sh ehQ - srl {`r` @m`~tr@y~ h` Xb|q vQk`Xk@y~ 13.2.3 Xb|q vQk`Xny
vQq&Ew~ x`vQw pQlQb[ an~@v|;ny kryQ kYQy`k`rWw~vy avX& @n`@v| 05 04 13.2.4 srl {`r`
cEm|bkw~vy h` - vQq&Ew~ cEm|bk bl@y~ x`vQw @ls srl {`r` @m`~try
vQq&Ew~ cEm|bk @m`~try h` Xb|q vQk`Xky nm| kryQ. pQtE aAk 122-129
@pY~rny (@my a#wOlw~ kr a#w)

3.8 vQq&Ew~ cEm|bk @pY~rn sAsQq~{Qy h` - byQsQkl~ dyQn@m`~v sh myQ@kY`~@f`~n@yn~ 05 03 13.3.2 vQq&Ew~ cEm|bk
ehQ x`vQw an~@v|;ny kryQ kYQy`v p#h#qQlQ kQrWm s[h` vQq&Ew~ cEm|bk @pY~rny @y@qn avs~}`
@pY~rny @y`q`gnQyQ. pQtE aAk 135-138
- pYw&`vr\w {`r` jnkyk pY{`n @k`ts~ h`
e~v`@y~ avX&w`vy p#h#qQlQkryQ.
- pYw&`vr\w {`r` jnk@y~ @pY~rn vQ.g`.bly
k`ly smg vQclny vn ayEr# pYs~w`rQkv
nQrHpny kryQ.
- vQq&Ew~ cEm|bk @pY~rn@y~ x`vQw @ls
pYw&`vr\w [`r` dyQn@m`~v, byQsQkl~
dyQn@m`~v, myQ@kY`@f`~ny nm| kryQ.
- (@my a#wOlw~ kr a#w)

ÈkQId ixÔjkS .uf.a


cd;sl mdi,a úoHd wdpd¾h
idfm< ms<s;=re m;% mÍËl
p`dm nQpEnw` mt|tm ivw~kr a#wQ sn~{`ry ivw~kr a#wQ i@gnEm| Pl k`lc|@C\q gNn @pL @p`@whQ aq`l
nQymQw @y`~jQw @k`ts
k`lc|@C\q k`lc|@C\q
gNn gNn
11-14 p`dm 2.9 hyQ@dY`k`bn sh e~v`@y~ - a#l~@k~n vl v&Eh s`qyQ 03 03 pQtE aAk 154
hyQ@dY`k`bn v&Ew~pn~n vl svx`vy sh uprQm k`bn~ prm`nE 2 k~ qk~v` pmnk~
x`vQw an~@v|;ny kryQ pYm`nvw~ @v|.

2.10 bhEavyvk vl - bhEavyvk vl v&Ehy mw pqnm|v e~v` 03 02 v&Ehy mw pqnm|v bhE


vQvQ{w~vy an~@v|;ny kryQ vr\gWkrny kryQ avyvk vr\g kQrWm
- @r\KWy q`m, X`K`q`m h` hrs~ q`m shQw pQtE aAk 163,164
bhEavyvk sthn~ mgQn~ iqQrQpw~ kryQ
11-15 p`dm 4.1 @@jv@g`~l@y~ pvwQn 03 03
@@jv@g`~ly sAvQ{`n mt|tm| h` e~v`@y~ @vnsk~ kr @n`m#w
pvwQn an~wr\ kYQy`
an~@v|;ny kryQ.
-
4.2 prQsr pq~{wQvl nyQtYjn~ ckYy - sAK&` pQrmWd h` @@jv s~kn~{ pQrmWd 05 03 p`rQsrQk pQrmWd
smwOlQww`vy pvw~v`@gn vlt s`@p~]v Xk~wQ pQrmWd@y~ pQtE aAk 174-176
y`m s[h` q`ykw~vy qk~vn v#qgw~km pYk`X kryQ.
y`n~wYn an`@v|;ny kryWQ. - rHpsthn~ x`vQw@yn~ nyQtYjn~ ckYy nyQtYjn~ ckYy
p#h#qQlQ kryQ. pQtE aAk 179

- vQvQ{ pYxvyn~ mgQn~ mEq` hrQn prQsr pQtE aAk 181,182


4.3 vQvQ{ prQsr qR;k h` vQkQrn mt|tm ihL y`m. qR;kvl wQbQy h#kQ rs`ynQk qYv& nm|
e~v`@y~ ahQwkr blp$m| pYx` rs`ynQk {Rm kryQ.
g@v|;ny kryQ.
- ps qR;Ny XYW lAk`@v| a#wQ pY{`n prQsr
qR;N a`k`ry bv pQLQgnQyQ.

ÈkQId ixÔjkS .uf.a


cd;sl mdi,a úoHd wdpd¾h
idfm< ms<s;=re m;% mÍËl
@mm nQpEnw` mt|tm sm|pRr\N@yn~ ivw~ kr
4.4 jWvn rt`v @vns~vWm a#w. pQtE aAk 198- 202
mgQn~ sQqEvn blp$m| pQlQb[v
g@v|;ny kryQ.

4.5 wQrs`r sAvr\{ny s[h` p`rm|prQk q#nEm sh - k^;Qkr\my, @@vq& vQq&`v a`h`r h` pQtE aAk
q`ykw~vy q#k~vQy h#kQ a`k`r w`]Ny x`vQwy v`rQm`r\g yn @]~wY s[h` 205,206,207,208,209
pQlQb[ g@v|;ny kryQ - k^;Qkr\m`n~wy s`m|pYq`yQk q#nEm sh w`]Ny
- @@vq& vQq&`v g@v|;Ny kryQ
- a`h`r - aq~vQwyW jl kLmN`ktn kYmyk~
- v`rQ m`r\g @ls XYW lAk`@v| v#v pQLQgnQyQ
- x`vQwyt gw h#kQ Xk~wQ - s`m|pYq`yQk @@vq& vQq&`v @vnw~
pYxv sh w`]Nyt anEv @]~wYyk~ bv sh ehQ vQq&`w~mk
Xk~wQ ar\bEqy vQs~wr kryQ. p#wQkd wvqErtw~ g@v|;Ny kL
- Xk~wQy kLmN`krny @ls yEwO bv agy kryQ.
aq`l Xk~wQ pYxvyt anEv - s`m|pYq`yQk a`h`r kYm ap@g~
eqQ@nq` jWvQw@y~ k`r\yyn~ @q~XgONy h` jWvn ww~w~vyt
g#lpWm vQs~wr kryQ. g#l@pn awr, @s_K&vw~
- Xk~wQy kLmn`krNy jWvQwykt upk`r vn bv pQLQgnQyQ.
Xk~wQ ar\bEqyt pQLQymk~ bv
vQs~wr kryQ. avm h`nQyk~
shQwv pYXs~w mt|tmkQn~
Xk~wQy x`vQwy pQLQb[
@s`yyQ.

ÈkQId ixÔjkS .uf.a


cd;sl mdi,a úoHd wdpd¾h
idfm< ms<s;=re m;% mÍËl

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