D- 11

Date

Name

Class
Module 1
Section 1 : Reading and Writing

1. As used in the text, what does the phrase "a singular" most nearly
mean?
The following text is adapted from Nathaniel Hawthorne's 1837 story "Dr.
Heidegger's Experiment." The main character, a physician, is experimenting with
rehydrating a dried flower.
A. A lonely
At first [the rose] lay lightly on the surface of the fluid, appearing to imbibe none
of its moisture. Soon, however, a singular change began to be visible. The crushed
and dried petals stirred and assumed a deepening tinge of crimson, as if the
flower were reviving from a deathlike slumber.
B. A disagreeable

C. An acceptable

D. An extraordinary
Section 1 : Reading and Writing

2. Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise
US traffic signals didn't always contain the familiar three lights (red, yellow, and word or phrase?
green). Traffic lights only ______ red and green lights until the three-light traffic
signal was developed in 1923.
A. avoided

B. featured

C. appreciated

D. disregarded
Section 1 : Reading and Writing

The following text is from Charlotte Perkins Gilman's 1910 poem "The Earth's 3. Which choice best describes the overall structure of the text?
Entail".

No matter how we cultivate the land,

Taming the forest and the prairie free; A. The speaker provides examples of an admirable way of
No matter how we irrigate the sand, approaching nature and then challenges that approach.
Making the desert blossom at command,
We must always leave the borders of the sea;
The immeasureable reaches B. The speaker describes attempts to control nature and then offers
Of the windy wave-wet beaches, a reminder that not all nature is controllable.
The million-mile-long margin of the sea.

C. The speaker argues against interfering with nature and then gives
evidence supporting this interference.

D. The speaker presents an account of efforts to dominate nature

and then cautions that such efforts are only temporary.
Section 1 : Reading and Writing

Mathematician Claude Shannon is widely regarded as a foundational figure in 4. Which choice best describes the overall structure of the text?
information theory. His most important paper, "A Mathematical Theory of
Communication," published in 1948 when he was employed at Bell Labs, utilized a
concept called a "binary digit" (shortened to "bit") to measure the amount of
information in any signal and determine the fastest rate at which information
could be transmitted while still being reliably decipherable. Robert Gallagher, one A. It introduces a respected researcher, describes an aspect of his work,
of Shannon's colleagues, said that the bit was "[Shannon's] discovery, and from it and suggests why the work is historically significant.
the whole communications revolution has sprung."

B. It names the company where an important mathematician worked, details

the mathematician's career at the company, and provides an example of the
recognition he received there.

C. It mentions a paper, offers a summary of the paper's findings, and presents

a researcher's commentary on the paper.

D. It presents a theoretical concept, illustrates how the name of the concept

has changed, and shows how the name has entered common usage.
Section 1 : Reading and Writing

The following text is from Srimati Svarna Kumari Devi's 1894 novel The Fatal
Garland (translated by A. Christina Albers in 1910). Shakti is walking near a
riverbank that she visited frequently during her childhood.
5. Which choice best describes the function of the underlined portion
She crossed the woods she knew so well. The trees seemed to extend their in the text as a whole?
branches like welcoming arms. They greeted her as an old friend. Soon she
reached the river-side.
A. It suggests that Shakti feels uncomfortable near the river.

B. It indicates that Shakti has lost her sense of direction in the woods.

C. It emphasizes Shakti's sense of belonging in the landscape.

D. It conveys Shakti's appreciation for her long-term friendships.

Section 1 : Reading and Writing

The following text is adapted from Herman Melville's 1857 novel The Confidence-
Man. Humphry Davy was a prominent British chemist and inventor. 6. Which choice best states the main purpose of the text?

Years ago, a grave American savant, being in London, observed at an evening

party there, a certain coxcombical fellow, as he thought, an absurd ribbon in his
lapel, and full of smart [banter], whisking about to the admiration of as many as A. It explains why one character dislikes another.
were disposed to admire. Great was the savant's disdain; but, chancing ere long
to find himself in a corner with the jackanapes, got into conversation with him,
when he was somewhat ill-prepared for the good sense of the jackanapes, but
was altogether thrown aback, upon subsequently being [informed that he was] no B. It portrays the thoughts of a character who is embarrassed about his
less a personage than Sir Humphry Davy. own behavior.

C. It offers a short history of how a person came to be famous.

D. It presents an account of a misunderstanding.

Section 1 : Reading and Writing

Horizontal gene transfer occurs when an organism of one species acquires genetic 7. Which choice best describes the function of the underlined portion in
material from an organism of another species through nonreproductive means. the text as a whole?
The genetic material can then be transferred "vertically" in the second species—
that is, through reproductive inheritance. Scientist Atma Ivancevic and her team
have hypothesized infection by invertebrate parasites as a mechanism of
horizontal gene transfer between vertebrate species: while feeding, a parasite A. It explains why parasites are less susceptible to horizontal gene transfer than their
could acquire a gene from one host, then relocate to a host from a different hosts are.
vertebrate species and transfer the gene to it in turn.

B. It clarifies why some genes are more likely to be transferred horizontally than others
are.

C. It contrasts how horizontal gene transfer occurs among vertebrates with how it occurs
among Invertebrates.

D. It describes a means by which horizontal gene transfer might occur among

vertebrates.
Section 1 : Reading and Writing

Many films from the early 1900s have been lost. These losses include several films 8. Which choice best describes the overall structure of the text?
by the first wave of Black women filmmakers. We know about these lost movies
only from small pieces of evidence. For example, an advertisement for Jennie
Louise Touissant Welcome's documentary Doing Their Bit still exists. There's a
reference in a magazine to Tressie Souders's film A Woman's Error. And Maria P.
Williams's The Flames of Wrath is mentioned in a letter and a newspaper article, A. The text discusses several notable individuals, then explains commonly overlooked
and one image from the movie was discovered in the 1990s. differences between those individuals.

B. The text describes a general situation, then illustrates that situation with specific
examples.

C. The text identifies a complex problem, then presents examples of unsuccessful

attempts to solve that problem.

D. The text summarizes a debate among researchers, then gives reasons for supporting
one side in that debate.
Section 1 : Reading and Writing

9. Which choice best describes the function of the underlined sentence in

the text as a whole?
The 1967 release of Harold Cruse's book The Crisis of the Negro Intellectual
isolated him from almost all other scholars and activists of the American Civil
Rights Movement—though many of those thinkers disagreed with each other, A. It indicates that Cruse's reputation as a persistent antagonist of other scholars is
he nonetheless found ways to disagree with them all. He thought that activists undeserved.
who believed that Black people such as himself should culturally assimilate were
naïve. But he also sharply criticized Black nationalists such as Marcus Garvey
who wanted to establish independent, self-contained Black economies and
societies, even though Cruse himself identified as a Black nationalist.
B. It describes a controversy that Cruse's work caused within the Black nationalist
movement.

C. It describes a direction that Cruse felt the Civil Rights Movement ought to take.
.

D. It helps explain Cruse's position with respect to the community of civil rights
thinkers.
Section 1 : Reading and Writing

Michelene Pesantubbee, a historian and citizen of the Choctaw Nation, has

identified a dilemma inherent to research on the status of women in her tribe 10. Which choice best describes the overall structure of the text?
during the 1600s and 1700s: the primary sources from that era, travel narratives
and other accounts by male European colonizers, underestimate the degree of
power conferred on Choctaw women by their traditional roles in political, civic,
and ceremonial life. Pesantubbee argues that the Choctaw oral tradition and A. It details the shortcomings of certain historical sources, then argues that research
findings from archaeological sites in the tribe's homeland supplement the should avoid those sources altogether.
written record by providing crucial insights into those roles.

B. It describes a problem that arises in research on a particular topic, then sketches a

historian's approach to addressing that problem.

C It lists the advantages of a particular research method, then acknowledges a historian's

criticism of that method.

D. It characterizes a particular topic as especially challenging to research, then suggests a

related topic for historians to pursue instead.
Section 1 : Reading and Writing

In many agricultural environments, the banks of streams are kept forested to 11. Which choice best states the main purpose of the text?
protect water quality, but it's been unclear what effects these forests may have
on stream biodiversity. To investigate the issue, biologist Xingli Giam and
colleagues studied an Indonesian oil palm plantation, comparing the species
richness of forested streams with that of nonforested streams. Giam and
A. It explains the differences between stream-protection strategies used in
colleagues found that species richness was significantly higher in forested
oil palm plantations and stream-protection strategies used in other kinds of
streams, a finding the researchers attribute to the role leaf litter plays in
agricultural environments.
sheltering fish from predators and providing food resources.

B. It presents a study that addresses an unresolved question about the

presence of forests along streams in agricultural environments.

C. It discusses research intended to settle a debate about how

agricultural yields can be increased without negative effects on
water quality.

D. It describes findings that challenge a previously held view about how

fish that inhabit streams in agricultural environments attempt to avoid
predators.
Section 1 : Reading and Writing

12. Which choice best describes the overall structure of the text?
Works of moral philosophy, such as Plato's Republic or Aristotle's Nicomachean
Ethics, are partly concerned with how to live a morally good life. But philosopher
Jonathan Barnes argues that works that present a method of living such a life
without also supplying a motive are inherently useful only to those already A. It mentions two renowned works and then claims that despite their
wishing to be morally good—those with no desire for moral goodness will not popularity it is impossible for these works to serve the purpose their
choose to follow their rules. However, some works of moral philosophy attempt authors intended.
to describe what constitutes a morally good life while also proposing reasons for
living one. B. . It summarizes the history of a field of thought by discussing two
works and then proposes a topic of further research for specialists in that
field.

C. It describes two influential works and then explains why one is more
widely read than the other.

D. It provides a characterization about a field of thought by noting two

works in it and then details a way in which some works in that field are
more comprehensive than others.
Section 1 : Reading and Writing

The following text is adapted from Oscar Wilde's 1897 nonfiction work De 13. Which choice best describes the function of the underlined question in
Profundis. the text as a whole?
People whose desire is solely for self-realisation never know where they are
going. They can't know. In one sense of the word it is of course necessary to
know oneself: that is the first achievement of knowledge. But to recognise that
A. It cautions readers that the text's directions for how to achieve self-
the soul of a man is unknowable, is the ultimate achievement of wisdom. The
knowledge are hard to follow.
final mystery is oneself. When one has weighed the sun in the balance, and
measured the steps of the moon, and mapped out the seven heavens star by
star, there still remains oneself. Who can calculate the orbit of his own soul? B. . It concedes that the definition of self-knowledge advanced in the text
is unpopular.

C. . It reinforces the text's skepticism about the possibility of truly

achieving self-knowledge.

D. It speculates that some readers will share the doubts expressed in the
text about the value of self-knowledge.
Section 1 : Reading and Writing

14. Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to

Ending the tapestry with an image of William the conventions of Standard English?
finally enthroned would make for what a
leading expert on the Middle Ages, calls a “nest A. Professor, Robert Bartlett
symmetry.”

B. Professor, Robert Bartlett,

C. Professor Robert Bartlett—

D. Professor Robert Bartlett,

Section 1 : Reading and Writing

15. Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to

On paper, they designed a series of four scenes the conventions of Standard English?
depicting the events leading from the Battle of
Hastings to William’s coronation. carefully to A. By working
use colors and other design elements that
matched the original, Russell and Black wondered
if their vision could be brought to life on fabric. B. Having worked

C. They have worked

D. While having worked

Section 1 : Reading and Writing

16. Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to

Setting themselves up in the local library, Russell the conventions of Standard English?
and Black recruited the residents of Alderney to
help embroider the Alderney Bayeux Tapestry A. On the other hand,
Finale. 416 volunteers spent more than a
year completing the work.
B. However,

C. After all,

D. In the end,
Section 1 : Reading and Writing

17. Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to

“I couldn’t stop grinning,” Russell said, thinking of the conventions of Standard English?
the day the Finale was brought to the museum.
The positive response from the more than A. have made
140,000 people who saw the Finale in Bayeux
____ one thing clear- the embroiderers of
Alderney had succeeded in creating a work that B. are making
seemed an authentic fit alongside its famous
inspiration.
C. were making

D. made
Section 1 : Reading and Writing

18. Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to

The Fair Minimum Wage Act of 2007 established the conventions of Standard English?
the minimum wage at $5.85 per ____ it has been
raised a number of times in subsequent yeas. A. hour,

B. hour, and

C. hour also

D. hour, meanwhile
Section 1 : Reading and Writing

19. Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to

The practice of tipping does not just benefit the conventions of Standard English?
patrons ____ it also ensures that patrons receive
better service by providing an incentive to the tip- A. economically, though,
dependent restaurant employees who wait on
them.
B. economically though,

C. economically, though;

D. Economically— though;
Section 1 : Reading and Writing

20. Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to

Instead of being tied to a fixed wage, waiters and the conventions of Standard English?
waitresses who are motivated can usually make
much more by earning tips (on top of a A. them,
comparatively low hourly wage) than the could
from a higher hourly wage without tips. Everyone
wins from the practice of tipping; abolishing ____ B. those,
however well intentioned, would help no one.
C. it,

D. one,
Section 1 : Reading and Writing

21. Which choice completes the text with the transition so

Bottlenose dolphins communicate, as do many that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
marine mammals, using specialized whistles—
high— pitched vocalizations that carry well in an A. the calls of other marine mammals
aquatic environment. What distinguishes
bottlenose dolphins from ____ is how they use
their whistles. B. those of other marine mammals,

C. other marine mammals’ calls

D. other marine mammals

Section 1 : Reading and Writing

22. Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to

They exhibit what scientists call vocal ____ is the the conventions of Standard English?
ability to refer to an object or individual using a
learned sound. A. learning; and this

B. learning, this

C. learning; which

D. learning. This
Section 1 : Reading and Writing

23. Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to

When they are separated, an air of bottlenose the conventions of Standard English?
dolphins from the same pod will not simply call
out their own signature whistles, hoping to be A. recognized, instead,
____ each will call out the other’s signature
whistle— just as two humans would call out each
other’s names if they were separated in a crowd. B. recognized; instead,

C. recognized instead;

D. recognized instead
Section 1 : Reading and Writing

24. Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to

It is not known how many of these signature the conventions of Standard English?
whistles a dolphin can ____ research has shown
that individuals do hang on to signature whistles A. remember and use, but
in long-term memory.

B. remember and use, but,

C. remember and use but,

D. remember, and use but,

Section 1 : Reading and Writing

25. Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to

Thanks to the Internet, we are more ____ than at the conventions of Standard English?
any point in our history.
A. Interconnected now;

B. interconnected, now

C. interconnected, now,

D. interconnected now
Section 1 : Reading and Writing
Another ____ offers writers from around the
world a three-month residency in which to share
not only stories and poems as well as the
experience of navigating a new environment.
26. Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to
the conventions of Standard English?
A. organization, the International Writing Program at the
University of Iowa
B. organization, the International Writing Program at the
University of Iowa,
C. organization: the International Writing Program at the
University of Iowa,
D. Organization, the International Writing Program(at the
University of Iowa)
Section 1 : Reading and Writing

27. Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to

What these numbers reveal ____ perhaps only the conventions of Standard English?
common sense- new experiences change old
perceptions- but even so, it is an important lesson A. are
we cannot afford to forget when considering
solutions to international issues.
B. were

C. is

D. to be
Module 2
Section 2 : Reading and Writing

1. Which choice best states the function of the underlined portion in the
Researchers have found a nearly 164,000-year-old molar from a member of the text as a whole?
archaic human species known as Denisovans in a cave in Laos, suggesting that
Denisovans lived in a wider range of environments than indicated by earlier
evidence. Before the discovery, Denisovans were thought to have lived only at
high altitudes in relatively cold climates in what are now Russia and China, but the A It defines a term used in the description that follows in the rest of the
discovery of the tooth in Laos suggests that they may have lived at low altitudes in sentence.
relatively warm climates in Southeast Asia as well.

B. It emphasizes the main goal of the research introduced in the previous

sentence.

C. It provides context that clarifies the significance of the information that

follows in the rest of the sentence.

D. It dismisses as untrue the research presented in the previous sentence

Section 2 : Reading and Writing

2. Based on the texts, how would Cáceres and colleagues (Text 2) most
Text 1 likely describe the view of the theorists presented in Text 1?

What factors influence the abundance of species in a given ecological

community? Some theorists have argued that historical diversity is a major
driver of how diverse an ecological community eventually becomes:
differences in community diversity across otherwise similar habitats, in this
view, are strongly affected by the number of species living in those habitats
at earlier times.
A. It is largely correct, but it requires a minor refinement in light of the
research team's results.
B. It is not compelling as a theory regardless of any experimental data
collected by the research team.

Text 2
C. It may seem plausible, but it is not supported by the research team's
In 2010, a group of researchers including biologist Carla Cáceres created findings.
artificial pools in a New York forest. They stocked some pools with a
diverse mix of zooplankton species and others with a single zooplankton
species and allowed the pool communities to develop naturally thereafter. D. It probably holds true only in conditions like those in the research
Over the course of four years, Cáceres and colleagues periodically team's study.
measured the species diversity of the pools, finding—contrary to their
expectations—that by the end of the study there was little to no difference
in the pools' species diversity.
Section 2 : Reading and Writing
Text 1
Soy sauce, made from fermented soybeans, is noted for its umami flavor.
Umami—one of the five basic tastes along with sweet, bitter, salty, and sour—was
formally classified when its taste receptors were discovered in the 2000s. In 2007,
to define the pure umami flavor scientists Rie Ishii and Michael O'Mahony used
broths made from shiitake mushrooms and kombu seaweed, and two panels of
Japanese and US judges closely agreed on a description of the taste.
Text 2
A 2022 experiment by Manon Jünger et al. led to a greater understanding of soy
sauce's flavor profile. The team initially presented a mixture of compounds with
low molecular weights to taste testers who found it was not as salty or bitter as
real soy sauce. Further analysis of soy sauce identified proteins, including
dipeptides, that enhanced umami flavor and also contributed to saltiness. The
team then made a mix of 50 chemical compounds that re-created soy sauce's
flavor.
3. Based on the texts, if Ishii and O'Mahony (Text 1) and Jünger et al. (Text
2) were aware of the findings of both experiments, they would most likely
agree with which statement?
A. The broths in the 2007 experiment most likely did not have a
substantial amount of the dipeptides that played a key part in the 2022
experiment.
B. On average, the diets of people in the United States tend to have fewer
foods that contain certain dipeptides than the diets of people in Japan
have.
C. Chemical compounds that activate both the umami and salty taste
receptors tend to have a higher molecular weight than those that only
activate umami taste receptors.
D. Fermentation introduces proteins responsible for the increase of
umami flavor in soy sauce, and those proteins also increase the perception
of saltiness.
Section 2 : Reading and Writing

4.
Based on the texts, the author of Text 1 and the author of Text 2 would
Text 1 most likely agree with which statement?

Today the starchy root cassava is found in many dishes across West Africa, but its
rise to popularity was slow. Portuguese traders brought cassava from Brazil to the
West African coast in the 1500s. But at this time, people living in the capitals
A. The climate of the West African coast in the 1500s prevented cassava's
further inland had little contact with coastal communities. Thus, cassava remained
spread in the region.
relatively unknown to most of the region's inhabitants until the 1800s.

Text 2
B. Several of the most commonly grown crops in West Africa are originally
Cassava's slow adoption into the diet of West Africans is mainly due to the nature from Brazil.
of the crop itself. If not cooked properly, cassava can be toxic. Knowledge of how
to properly prepare cassava needed to spread before the food could grow in
popularity. The arrival of formerly enslaved people from Brazil in the 1800s, who C. The most commonly used methods to cook cassava today date to the
brought their knowledge of cassava and its preparation with them, thus directly 1500s.
fueled the spread of this crop.

D. Cassava did not become a significant crop in West Africa until long after
it was first introduced.
Section 2 : Reading and Writing

Text 1

The idea that time moves in only one direction is instinctively understood, yet it
puzzles physicists. According to the second law of thermodynamics, at a 5. Based on the texts, what would the author of Text 1 most likely say
macroscopic level some processes of heat transfer are irreversible due to the about the experiment described in Text 2?
production of entropy—after a transfer we cannot rewind time and place
molecules back exactly where they were before, just as we cannot unbreak
dropped eggs. But laws of physics at a microscopic or quantum level hold that A. It is consistent with the current understanding of physics at a
those processes should be reversible. microscopic level but not at a macroscopic level.
Text 2
B. It provides empirical evidence that the current understanding of an
In 2015, physicists Tiago Batalhão et al. performed an experiment in which they
aspect of physics at a microscopic level must be incomplete.
confirmed the irreversibility of thermodynamic processes at a quantum level,
producing entropy by applying a rapidly oscillating magnetic field to a system of
carbon-13 atoms in liquid chloroform. But the experiment "does not pinpoint ...
C. It supports a claim about an isolated system of atoms in a laboratory,
what causes [irreversibility] at the microscopic level," coauthor Mauro
but that claim should not be extrapolated to a general claim about the
Paternostro said.
universe.

D. It would suggest an interesting direction for future research were it not

the case that two of the physicists who conducted the experiment disagree
on the significance of its findings.
Section 2 : Reading and Writing

Text 1
6.
In 2021, a team led by Amir Siraj hypothesized that the Chicxulub impactor—the Based on the texts, how would Artemieva likely respond to Siraj's
object that struck the Yucatán Peninsula sixty-six million years ago, precipitating hypothesis, as presented in Text 1?
the mass extinction of the dinosaurs—was likely a member of the class of long-
period comets. As evidence, Siraj cited the carbonaceous chondritic composition
of samples from the Chicxulub impact crater as well as of samples obtained from
long-period comet Wild 2 in 2006. A. By insisting that it overestimates how representative Wild 2 is of long-
period comets as a class
Text 2

Although long-period comets contain carbonaceous chondrites, asteroids are

B. . By arguing that it does not account for the amount of iridium found in
similarly rich in these materials. Furthermore, some asteroids are rich in iridium,
geological layers dating to the Chicxulub impact
as Natalia Artemieva points out, whereas long-period comets are not. Given the
prevalence of iridium at the crater and, more broadly, in geological layers
deposited worldwide following the impact, Artemieva argues that an asteroid is a
more plausible candidate for the Chicxulub impactor. C. By praising it for connecting the composition of Chicxulub crater
samples to the composition of certain asteroids

D. By concurring that carbonaceous chondrites are prevalent in soil

samples from sites distant from the Chicxulub crater
Section 2 : Reading and Writing

Text 1

Dance choreographer Alvin Ailey's deep admiration for jazz music can most clearly 7. Based on the texts, both authors would most likely agree with which
be felt in the rhythms and beats his works were set to. Ailey collaborated with statement?
some of the greatest jazz legends, like Charles Mingus, Charlie Parker, and
perhaps his favorite, Duke Ellington. With his choice of music, Ailey helped bring
jazz to life for his audiences.
A. Audiences were mostly unfamiliar with the jazz music in Ailey's works.
Text 2

Jazz is present throughout Ailey's work, but it's most visible in Ailey's approach to
choreography. Ailey often incorporated improvisation, a signature characteristic
of jazz music, in his work. When managing his dance company, Ailey rarely forced B. Ailey's work was strongly influenced by jazz.
his dancers to an exact set of specific moves. Instead, he encouraged his dancers
to let their own skills and experiences shape their performances, as jazz musicians
do. C. Dancers who worked with Ailey greatly appreciated his supportive approach as a
choreographer.

D Ailey blended multiple genres of music together when choreographing dance pieces.
Section 2 : Reading and Writing
Text 1
Despite its beautiful prose, The Guns of August, Barbara Tuchman's 1962 analysis
of the start of World War I, has certain weaknesses as a work of history. It fails to
address events in Eastern Europe just before the outbreak of hostilities, thereby
giving the impression that Germany was the war's principal instigator. Had
Tuchman consulted secondary works available to her by scholars such as Luigi
Albertini, she would not have neglected the influence of events in Eastern Europe
on Germany's actions.
Text 2
Barbara Tuchman's The Guns of August is an engrossing if dated introduction to
World War I. Tuchman's analysis of primary documents is laudable, but her main
thesis that European powers committed themselves to a catastrophic outcome by
refusing to deviate from military plans developed prior to the conflict is
implausibly reductive.
8. Which choice best describes a difference in how the authors of Text 1
and Text 2 view Barbara Tuchman's The Guns of August?
A. The author of Text 1 believes that the scope of Tuchman's research led her to an
incorrect interpretation, while the author of Text 2 believes that Tuchman's central
argument is overly simplistic.
B. The author of Text 1 argues that Tuchman should have relied more on the work of
other historians, while the author of Text 2 implies that Tuchman's most interesting
claims result from her original research.
C. The author of Text 1 asserts that the writing style of The Guns of August makes it
worthwhile to read despite any perceived deficiency in Tuchman's research, while the
author of Text 2 focuses exclusively on the weakness of Tuchman's interpretation of
events.
D. The author of Text 1 claims that Tuchman would agree that World War I was largely
due to events in Eastern Europe, while the author of Text 2 maintains that Tuchman
would say that Eastern European leaders were not committed to military plans in the
same way that other leaders were.
Section 2 : Reading and Writing

9. Based on the texts, how would the author of Text 2 most likely
Text 1 characterize Lacadena's theory, as described in Text 1?

Because literacy in Nahuatl script, the writing system of the Aztec Empire, was
lost after Spain invaded central Mexico in the 1500s, it is unclear exactly how
meaning was encoded in the script's symbols. Although many scholars had A. By praising the theory for recognizing that the script's symbols could represent
assumed that the symbols signified entire words, linguist Alfonso Lacadena entire words
theorized in 2008 that they signified units of language smaller than words:
individual syllables.

Text 2 B. By arguing that the theory is overly influenced by the work of earlier scholars

The growing consensus among scholars of Nahuatl script is that many of its
symbols could signify either words or syllables, depending on syntax and content
at any given site within a text. For example, the symbol signifying the word huipil C. . By approving of the theory's emphasis on how the script changed over time
(blouse) in some contexts could signify the syllable "pil" in others, as in the place .
name "Chipiltepec." Thus, for the Aztecs, reading required a determination of
how such symbols functioned each time they appeared in a text.
D. By cautioning that the theory overlooks certain important aspects of how the script
functioned
Section 2 : Reading and Writing

10. Which choice best describes a difference in how the author of Text 1 and the author of
Text 2 view Strassburg's team's study?
Text 1

A team led by Bernardo Strassburg has found that rewilding farmland (returning
the land to its natural state) could help preserve biodiversity and offset carbon
emissions. The amount of farmland that would need to be restored, they found, A. . The author of Text 2 approaches the study's findings with some caution, whereas the
is remarkably low. Rewilding a mere 15% of the world's current farmland would author of Text 1 is optimistic about the reported potential environmental benefits.
prevent 60% of expected species extinctions and help absorb nearly 299
gigatons of carbon dioxide—a clear win in the fight against the biodiversity and
climate crises.
B. The author of Text 2 claims that the percentage of farmland identified by Strassburg's
Text 2 team is too low for rewilding to achieve meaningful results, whereas the author of Text 1
thinks the percentage is sufficient.
While Strassburg's team's findings certainly offer encouraging insight into the
potential benefits of rewilding, it's important to consider potential effects on
global food supplies. The researchers suggest that to compensate for the loss of C. The author of Text 2 focuses on rewilding's effect on carbon emissions, whereas the
food-producing land, remaining farmland would need to produce even more author of Text 1 focuses on its effect on biodiversity.
food. Thus, policies focused on rewilding farmland must also address strategies
for higher-yield farming.

D. The author of Text 2 believes that the results described by Strassburg's team are
achievable in the near future, whereas the author of Text 1 argues that they likely aren't.
Section 2 : Reading and Writing
Text 1
Philosopher G.E. Moore's most influential work entails the concept of common
sense. He asserts that there are certain beliefs that all people, including
philosophers, know instinctively to be true, whether or not they profess
otherwise: among them, that they have bodies, or that they exist in a world with
other objects that have three dimensions. Moore's careful work on common
sense may seem obvious but was in fact groundbreaking.
Text 2
External world skepticism is a philosophical stance supposing that we cannot be
sure of the existence of anything outside our own minds. During a lecture, G.E.
Moore once offered a proof refuting this stance by holding out his hands and
saying, "Here is one hand, and here is another." Many philosophers reflexively
reject this proof (Annalisa Coliva called it "an obviously annoying failure") but
have found it a challenge to articulate exactly why the proof fails.
11. Based on the texts, how would the author of Text 1 most likely
respond to proponents of the philosophical stance outlined in Text 2?
A. By pointing out that Moore would assert that external world skepticism
is at odds with other beliefs those proponents must unavoidably hold
B. By arguing that if it is valid to assert that some facts are true based on
instinct, it is also valid to assert that some proofs are inadequate based on
instinct
C. By agreeing with those proponents that Moore's treatment of positions
that contradict his own is fundamentally unserious
D. By suggesting that an instinctive distaste for Moore's position is
preventing external world skeptics from constructing a sufficiently rigorous
refutation of Moore
Section 2 : Reading and Writing

Text 1 12. Based on the texts, how would the author of Text 2 most likely regard
the perspective of bluegrass purists, as described in Text 1?
For decades, bluegrass musicians have debated whether their genre
should exclude influences from mainstream genres such as rock. Many
insist that bluegrass is defined by its adherence to the folk music of the A. As inconsistent, since bluegrass purists themselves enjoy other musical
US South, out of which bluegrass emerged. Such "purists," as they are genres
known, regard the recordings of Bill Monroe, which established the
bluegrass sound in the 1940s, as a standard against which the genre
should still be measured. B. As unrealistic, since bluegrass purists have no way of enforcing their
musical preferences
Text 2

Bluegrass isn't simply an extension of folk traditions into the era of C. As shortsighted, because bluegrass could enlarge its audience by
recorded music. In reality, Bill Monroe created the bluegrass sound in the including influences from mainstream genres
1940s by combining Southern folk music with commercial genres that had
arisen only a few decades before, such as jazz and the blues. Since
bluegrass has always been a mixed genre, contemporary bluegrass D. As illogical, because the purists overlook crucial aspects of how the
musicians should not be forbidden from incorporating into it influences bluegrass sound first originated
from rock and other mainstream genres.
Section 2 : Reading and Writing

Text 1 13. Based on the texts, what would Lisa Trever (Text 2) most likely say
about the interpretation presented in the underlined portion of Text 1?
Historians studying pre-Inca Peru have looked to ceramic vessels to understand
daily life among the Moche people. These mold-made sculptures present plants,
animals, and human faces in precise ways—vessels representing human faces A. Markings on depictions of human faces are not necessarily intended to
are so detailed that scholars have interpreted facial markings to represent scars portray particular details about the physical appearance of individuals.
and other skin irregularities. Some historians have even used these objects to
identify potential skin diseases that may have afflicted people at the time.

Text 2 B. . Some vessels may have been damaged during their excavation and
thus provide little insight into Moche culture.
Art historian and archaeologist Lisa Trever has argued that the interpretation of
Moche "portrait" vessels as hyper-realistic portrayals of identifiable people may
inadvertently disregard the creativity of the objects' creators. Moche ceramic
C. Depictions of human faces are significantly more realistic than
vessels, Trever argues, are artworks in which sculptors could free their
depictions of plants and other animals are.
imagination, using realistic objects and people around them as inspiration to
explore more abstract concepts.

D. It is likely that some depictions of human faces with extensive markings

are intended to portray the same historical individual
Section 2 : Reading and Writing

To dyewool, Navajo (Diné) weaver Lillie Taylor uses plants and vegetables from Arizona,
where she lives. For example, she achieved the deep reds and browns featured in her 2003
rug In the Path of the Four Seasons by using Arizona dock roots, drying and grinding them
before mixing the powder with water to create adyebath. To intensify the appearance of 14. Which choice best states the main idea of the text?
certain colors, Taylor also

A. Reds and browns are not commonly featured in most of Taylor’s rugs.

B. In the Path of the Four Seasons is widely acclaimed for its many colors and
innovative weaving techniques.

C. Taylor draws on local resources in the approach she uses to dye wool.

D. Taylor finds it difficultto locate Arizona dock root in the desert.

Section 2 : Reading and Writing

15. Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to

By heating the peanuts and a catalyst to 1,100°F the conventions of Standard English?
for several hours in the presence of argon (an
inert gas commonly found in Earth’s atmosphere), A. the carbon was isolated
____ from the hydrogen and oxygen, which were
released in the form of harmless water vapor.
B. Pol and his team were able to isolate the carbon

C. the resulting chemical reaction isolated the carbon

D. isolation of carbon was achieved

Section 2 : Reading and Writing

16. Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to

The vaporization process that separated the the conventions of Standard English?
carbon from the hydrogen and oxygen left the
surfaces of the carbon microsheets uneven and A. on the other hand,
porous. According to Pol, openings in the surface
made anodes’ absorption of ions more efficient;
____ the batteries charged faster. B. likewise,

C. as a result,

D. by the same token,

Section 2 : Reading and Writing

17. Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to

In 1922, silent-film actor and director Harold the conventions of Standard English?
Lloyd was walking in downtown Los Angeles when
he saw an unusual sight: a man climbing up the A. watched
outside of a tall office building. A crowd was
gathered, mesmerized by the spectacle. Lloyd
____ nervously until the climber, a dare devil B. had watched
named Bill Strother, made it to safety.
C. watches

D. has watched
Section 2 : Reading and Writing

18. Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to

Having already made a few films in the vein of the conventions of Standard English?
“thrill comedy”, ____ to create his most daring
film yet, and he invited Strother to be involved. A. the event inspired Lloyd

B. Lloyd was inspired

C. it was Lloyd’s inspiration

D. its inspiration led Lloyd

Section 2 : Reading and Writing

19. Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to

In the final scene of the movie, Lloyd’s ____ must the conventions of Standard English?
climb the outside of a twelve-story building.
A. character; a department store worker trying to impress his
girlfriend—

B. character, a department store worker trying to impress his

girlfriend,

C. character, a department store worker trying to impress his

girlfriend;

D. character— a department store worker trying to impress his

girlfriend
Section 2 : Reading and Writing

20. Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to

He used a full-scale replica of two floors of Los the conventions of Standard English?
Angeles’s International Savings Buildings and set
them on the roofs of progressively taller A. that is,
buildings: ____ he placed the replica on a
platform atop a two-story building, then a seven-
story building, then a thirteen-story building. B. however,

C. furthermore,

D. instead,
Section 2 : Reading and Writing

21. Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to

The camera angles in the climbing shots are ____ the conventions of Standard English?
cutting out the platform and the rooftop of the
lower building but showing views of the street A. focused very precisely,
and other buildings in the distance.

B. focused, very precisely,

C. focused very precisely

D. focused; very precisely

Section 2 : Reading and Writing

22. Which choice completes the text with the transition so

Coubertin’s pentathlon, which awarded Olympic that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
medals for achievements in architecture,
literature, music, painting, and sculpture, ____ A. and which
was a part of every Olympic Games until 1948.

B. that

C. and

D. DELETE the underlined portion

Section 2 : Reading and Writing

23. Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to

Although the ban against professionals competing the conventions of Standard English?
in athletics has long since been ____ the
International Olympic Committee (IOC)’s attempts A. rescinded, and
to restore the arts competition have been tepid at
best.
B. rescinded; yet,

C. rescinded; thus

D. rescinded,
Section 2 : Reading and Writing

24. Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to

If artists were to receive medals during the the conventions of Standard English?
Olympic Games just as athletes do, and if the
competitions were broadcast to the estimated A. were reaching
four billion viewers turning in worldwide, talented
artists such as Linson ____ a much broader
audience. B. had reached

C. will reach

D. would reach
Section 2 : Reading and Writing

25. Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to

Besides, zookeepers spend much of their time the conventions of Standard English?
performing activities that do not involve contact
with animals: cleaning cages, preparing food and A. they also conduct
____ educational programs, to name a few.

B. the conducting of

C. conducting

D. conduct
Section 2 : Reading and Writing

26. Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to

“When my animal gets stressed, I get stressed,” the conventions of Standard English?
she says. This leads her to think constantly about
how she can make the ____ easier. A. animals’ lives

B. animals’ live’s

C. animal’s lives’

D. animals lives
Section 2 : Reading and Writing

27. Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to

Siobhan McCann, another zookeeper at Capron the conventions of Standard English?
Park Zoo, exemplifies this ____ she is comfortable
working weekends and holidays to care for the A. disposition, she says
zoo’s animals.

B. disposition; she says,

C.disposition, she says,

D. disposition: she says

 Module
1

Math
27 QUESTIONS

The questions in this section address a number of important math skills.

Use of a calculator is permitted for all questions.

,a-nH
Unless otherwise indicated:
• All variables and expressions represent real numbers.
• Figures provided are drawn to scale.
• All figures lie in a plane.
• The domain of a given function f is the set of all real numbers x for which f(x)
is a real number.

li04ii1Ut31

G
£
CJw b~ ~x 0 '~
45°
b a x--../3 s
A =nr 2 A= Rw A =_!bh c2 = a2 + b2 Special Right Triangles
2
C=2nr

62h £
V= Rwh
E}
V= nr 2 h
@
V = i,.r3
4 V=½nr 2 h
£
1
V = 3 £wh
3

The number of degrees of arc in a circle is 360.

The number of radians of arc in a circle is 2n.
The sum of the measures in degrees of the angles of a triangle is 180.
 Module
1

For multiple-choice questions, solve each problem, choose the correct

answer from the choices provided, and then circle your answer in this book.
Circle only one answer for each question. If you change your mind, completely
erase the circle. You will not get credit for questions with more than one
answer circled, or for questions with no answers circled.

For student-produced response questions, solve each problem and write

your answer next to or under the question in the test book as described below.

• Once you've written your answer, circle it clearly. You will not receive credit
for anything written outside the circle, or for any questions with more than
one circled answer.
• If you find more than one correct answer, write and circle only one answer.
• Your answer can be up to 5 characters for a positive answer and up to
6 characters (including the negative sign) for a negative answer, but no more.
• If your answer is a fraction that is too long (over 5 characters for positive,
6 characters for negative), write the decimal equivalent.
• If your answer is a decimal that is too long (over 5 characters for positive,
6 characters for negative), truncate it or round at the fourth digit.
• If your answer is a mixed number (such as 3.!. ), write it as an improper
fraction (7/2) or its decimal equivalent (3.5). 2
• Don't include symbols such as a percent sign, comma, or dollar sign in
your circled answer.
 3 3
1

...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Salim wants to purchase tickets from a vendor to
watch a tennis match. The vendor charges a
one-time service fee for processing the purchase of
the tickets. The equation T = 15n + 12 represents
the total amount T, in dollars, Salim will pay for
n tickets. What does 12 represent in the equation?
A) The price of one ticket, in dollars
B) The amount of the service fee, in dollars
C) The total amount, in dollars, Salim will pay for
one ticket
D) The total amount, in dollars, Salim will pay for
any number of tickets

2
What is the sum of the complex numbers 2 + 3i and
4 + 8i , where i = −1 ?
A) 17
B) 17i
C) 6 + 11i
D) 8 + 24i
 3 3
3
Which of the following is the graph of the equation y = 2x − 5 in the
xy-plane?

A) B) y
y
5 5

x x
O –5 O 5
–5 5

–5 –5

C) y D) y
5 5

x x
–5 O 5 –5 O 5

–5 –5
 3 3
4 6

...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
A bricklayer uses the formula n = 7 h to estimate b
4
the number of bricks, n, needed to build a wall that If a = 16 for positive integers a and b, what is one
is feet long and h feet high. Which of the
possible value of b ?
following correctly expresses in terms of
n and h ?
7
A) =
nh
h
B) =
7n
n
C) =
7h
n
D) =
7+h

5 7
If x + 9 = 64 , what is the value of x ? 2 5
t=
3 2
A) 5
What value of t is the solution of the equation
B) 5 above?
C) 25
D) 55
 3 3
8 9

...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
y 2x 2 − 4x = t
In the equation above, t is a constant. If the
y = ax 2 + c equation has no real solutions, which of the following
could be the value of t ?
x A) −3
O
B) −1
The vertex of the parabola in the xy-plane above C) 1
is (0, c) . Which of the following is true about the
D) 3
parabola with the equation y = − a(x − b)2 + c ?

A) The vertex is (b, c) and the graph opens upward.

B) The vertex is (b, c) and the graph opens
downward.
C) The vertex is (− b, c) and the graph opens
upward.
D) The vertex is (− b, c) and the graph opens
downward.

10
2
 b 
Which of the following is equivalent to a +  ?
 2 

b2
A) a2 +
2

b2
B) a2 +
4

ab b 2
C) a2 + +
2 2

b2
D) a2 + ab +
4
 3 3
11 12

...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Which expression is equivalent to Snow fell and then stopped for a time. When the
2 2 snow began to fall again, it fell at a faster rate than it
(2x − 4) − (−3x + 2x − 7) ? had initially. Assuming that none of the snow melted
during the time indicated, which of the following
A) 5x 2 − 2x + 3 graphs could model the total accumulation of snow
B) 5x 2 + 2x − 3 versus time?
A)

Accumulation
C) − x 2 − 2x − 11
D) − x 2 + 2x − 11

Time

B)

Accumulation
Time

C)
Accumulation

Time

D)
Accumulation

Time
 3 3
13 15

...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
E 6x − 9y > 12
Which of the following inequalities is equivalent to
the inequality above?
18 A) x − y > 2
D
B) 2x − 3y > 4
6
C A C) 3x − 2y > 4
8 B
D) 3y − 2x > 2
In the figure above, BD is parallel to AE . What is
the length of CE ?

14 16
A group of friends decided to divide the $800 cost The members of a city council wanted to assess the
of a trip equally among themselves. When two of opinions of all city residents about converting an
the friends decided not to go on the trip, those open field into a dog park. The council surveyed a
remaining still divided the $800 cost equally, but sample of 500 city residents who own dogs. The
each friend’s share of the cost increased by $20. How survey showed that the majority of those sampled
many friends were in the group originally? were in favor of the dog park. Which of the
following is true about the city council’s survey?
A) It shows that the majority of city residents are in
favor of the dog park.
B) The survey sample should have included more
residents who are dog owners.
C) The survey sample should have consisted
entirely of residents who do not own dogs.
D) The survey sample is biased because it is not
representative of all city residents.
 3 3
17 19

........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
The total area of a coastal city is 92.1 square miles, of 7x + 3y = 8
which 11.3 square miles is water. If the city had a 6x − 3y = 5
population of 621,000 people in the year 2010, which
of the following is closest to the population density, For the solution (x, y) to the system of equations
in people per square mile of land area, of the city at above, what is the value of x − y ?
that time?
4
A) 6,740 A) −
3
B) 7,690
2
C) 55,000 B)
3
D) 76,000
4
C)
3
22
D)
3

18
Between 1497 and 1500, Amerigo Vespucci
embarked on two voyages to the New World.
According to Vespucci’s letters, the first voyage
lasted 43 days longer than the second voyage, and the
two voyages combined lasted a total of 1,003 days.
How many days did the second voyage last?
A) 460
B) 480
C) 520
D) 540
 4 4
20 22

...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
In the xy-plane, the graph of y = 3x 2 − 14x x 1 2 3 4 5
intersects the graph of y = x at the points (0, 0) and 11 25 39 53 67
y
(a, a) . What is the value of a ? 4 4 4 4 4

Which of the following equations relates y to x for

the values in the table above?

1  5 x
A) y = ⋅  
2  2 
x
3
B) y = 2 ⋅  
 4 

3
C) y = x+2
4
21
7 3
4 1 D) y = x−
The line with the equation x + y = 1 is graphed 2 4
5 3
in the xy‑plane. What is the x-coordinate of the

x‑intercept of the line?

 Module
2

Math
27 QUESTIONS

The questions in this section address a number of important math skills.

Use of a calculator is permitted for all questions.

,a-nH
Unless otherwise indicated:
• All variables and expressions represent real numbers.
• Figures provided are drawn to scale.
• All figures lie in a plane.
• The domain of a given function f is the set of all real numbers x for which f(x)
is a real number.

li04ii1Ut31

G
£
CJw b~ ~x 0 '~
45°
b a x--../3 s
A =nr 2 A= Rw A =_!bh c2 = a2 + b2 Special Right Triangles
2
C=2nr

62h £
V= Rwh
E}
V= nr 2 h
@
V = i,.r3
4 V=½nr 2 h
£
1
V = 3 £wh
3

The number of degrees of arc in a circle is 360.

The number of radians of arc in a circle is 2n.
The sum of the measures in degrees of the angles of a triangle is 180.
 Module
2

For multiple-choice questions, solve each problem, choose the correct

answer from the choices provided, and then circle your answer in this book.
Circle only one answer for each question. If you change your mind, completely
erase the circle. You will not get credit for questions with more than one
answer circled, or for questions with no answers circled.

For student-produced response questions, solve each problem and write

your answer next to or under the question in the test book as described below.

• Once you've written your answer, circle it clearly. You will not receive credit
for anything written outside the circle, or for any questions with more than
one circled answer.
• If you find more than one correct answer, write and circle only one answer.
• Your answer can be up to 5 characters for a positive answer and up to
6 characters (including the negative sign) for a negative answer, but no more.
• If your answer is a fraction that is too long (over 5 characters for positive,
6 characters for negative), write the decimal equivalent.
• If your answer is a decimal that is too long (over 5 characters for positive,
6 characters for negative), truncate it or round at the fourth digit.
• If your answer is a mixed number (such as 3.!. ), write it as an improper
fraction (7/2) or its decimal equivalent (3.5). 2
• Don't include symbols such as a percent sign, comma, or dollar sign in
your circled answer.
 3 3
1 3

...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
A gardener buys two kinds of fertilizer. Fertilizer A 2
contains 60% filler materials by weight and If x = y and y = 18, what is the value of 2x − 3 ?
3
Fertilizer B contains 40% filler materials by weight.
Together, the fertilizers bought by the gardener A) 21
contain a total of 240 pounds of filler materials. B) 15
Which equation models this relationship, where x is C) 12
the number of pounds of Fertilizer A and y is the
number of pounds of Fertilizer B? D) 10

A) 0.4x + 0.6y = 240

B) 0.6x + 0.4y = 240
C) 40x + 60y = 240
D) 60x + 40y = 240

x w (x) t(x)
1 –1 –3
2 3 –1
2 3 4 1

4x 2 − 9 = (px + t )(px − t ) 4 3 3
5 –1 5
In the equation above, p and t are constants.
Which of the following could be the value of p ?
The table above shows some values of the
A) 2 functions w and t. For which value of x is
B) 3 w (x ) + t (x ) = x ?
C) 4 A) 1
D) 9 B) 2
C) 3
D) 4
 3 3
5 6

...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Jaime is preparing for a bicycle race. His goal is to How many liters of a 25% saline solution must be
bicycle an average of at least 280 miles per week for added to 3 liters of a 10% saline solution to obtain a
4 weeks. He bicycled 240 miles the first week, 15% saline solution?
310 miles the second week, and 320 miles the
third week. Which inequality can be used to
represent the number of miles, x, Jaime could bicycle
on the 4th week to meet his goal?
240 + 310 + 320
A) + x ≥ 280
3

B) 240 + 310 + 320 ≥ x(280)

240 310 320

C) + + + x ≥ 280
4 4 4

D) 240 + 310 + 320 + x ≥ 4(280)

7

Points A and B lie on a circle with radius 1, and

π
arc AB has length . What fraction of the
3
circumference of the circle is the length of arc AB ?
 3 3
8 10

...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
4x 2 + 6x y
Which of the following is equivalent to ?
4x + 2
60
Paul Mark
A) x
48

Distance (yards)
B) x + 4 36

2 24
C) x −
4x + 2
12
2
D) x + 1 −
4x + 2
x
O 5 10
Time (seconds)

The graph above shows the positions of Paul and

Mark during a race. Paul and Mark each ran at a
constant rate, and Mark was given a head start to
shorten the distance he needed to run. Paul finished
the race in 6 seconds, and Mark finished the race in
10 seconds. According to the graph, Mark was given
a head start of how many yards?
9 A) 3
A laundry service is buying detergent and fabric B) 12
softener from its supplier. The supplier will deliver C) 18
no more than 300 pounds in a shipment. Each
container of detergent weighs 7.35 pounds, and each D) 24
container of fabric softener weighs 6.2 pounds. The
service wants to buy at least twice as many containers
of detergent as containers of fabric softener. Let d
represent the number of containers of detergent, and
let s represent the number of containers of fabric
softener, where d and s are nonnegative integers.
Which of the following systems of inequalities best
represents this situation?

A) 7.35d + 6.2s ≤ 300

d ≥ 2s
B) 7.35d + 6.2s ≤ 300
2d ≥ s
C) 14.7d + 6.2s ≤ 300
d ≥ 2s
D) 14.7d + 6.2s ≤ 300
2d ≥ s
 3 3
11 13

...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
A website-hosting service charges businesses a 2(5x − 20) − (15 + 8x) = 7
onetime setup fee of $350 plus d dollars for each
month. If a business owner paid $1,010 for the first What value of x satisfies the equation above?
12 months, including the setup fee, what is the
value of d ?
A) 25
B) 35
C) 45
D) 55

12 14
Where Do People Get Most of A laboratory supply company produces graduated
Their Medical Information? cylinders, each with an internal radius of 2 inches
and an internal height between 7.75 inches and
Percent of
Source 8 inches. What is one possible volume, rounded to
those surveyed
the nearest cubic inch, of a graduated cylinder
Doctor 63% produced by this company?
Internet 13%
Magazines/brochures 9%
Pharmacy 6%
Television 2%
Other/none of the above 7%

The table above shows a summary of 1,200 responses

to a survey question. Based on the table, how many
of those surveyed get most of their medical
information from either a doctor or the Internet?
A) 865
B) 887
C) 912
D) 926
 3 3
15 17

...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Ice Cream and Topping Selections E
Flavor B
Vanilla Chocolate
Hot fudge 8 6
Topping 58°
Caramel 5 6 32°
A C D F
The table above shows the flavors of ice cream
and the toppings chosen by the people at a party. Triangles ABC and DEF are shown above. Which
Each person chose one flavor of ice cream and BC
one topping. Of the people who chose vanilla of the following is equal to the ratio ?
ice cream, what fraction chose hot fudge as a AB
topping? DE
A)
8 DF
A)
25 DF
B)
DE
5
B)
13 DF
C)
EF
13
C)
25 EF
D)
DE
8
D)
13

16
The growth rate of the sunflower from day 14 to day
35 is nearly constant. On this interval, which of the
following equations best models the height h, in
centimeters, of the sunflower t days after it begins
to grow?
A) h = 2.1t − 15
B) h = 4.5t − 27
C) h = 6.8t − 12
D) h = 13.2t − 18
 3 3
18 20

...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
What is the sum of the solutions to Masses (kilograms)
(x − 6)(x + 0.7) = 0 ? Andrew 2.4 2.5 3.6 3.1 2.5 2.7
Maria x 3.1 2.7 2.9 3.3 2.8
A) −6.7
B) −5.3 Andrew and Maria each collected six rocks, and the
C) 5.3 masses of the rocks are shown in the table above.
The mean of the masses of the rocks Maria collected
D) 6.7 is 0.1 kilogram greater than the mean of the masses
of the rocks Andrew collected. What is the value
of x ?

19
Number of States with 10 or More
Electoral Votes in 2008

Electoral votes Frequency

10 4
11 4
12 1 21
13 1
Jeremy deposited x dollars in his investment
15 3 account on January 1, 2001. The amount of
17 1 money in the account doubled each year until
Jeremy had 480 dollars in his investment account on
20 1
January 1, 2005. What is the value of x ?
21 2
27 1
31 1
34 1
55 1

In 2008, there were 21 states with 10 or more

electoral votes, as shown in the table above. Based on
the table, what was the median number of electoral
votes for the 21 states?
A) 13
B) 15
C) 17
D) 20
3

........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
A customer’s monthly water bill was $75.74. Due to
a rate increase, her monthly bill is now $79.86. To
the nearest tenth of a percent, by what percent did
the amount of the customer’s water bill increase?
A) 4.1%
B) 5.1%
C) 5.2%
D) 5.4%
3
22