CARBON STORAGE AND CARBON DIOXIDE EMISSION AS INFLUENCED

BY LONG-TERM CONSERVATION TILLAGE AND NITROGEN FERTILIZATION

IN CORN-SOYBEAN ROTATION

MATERIAL AND METHODS

Study Site

The long-term conservation tillage and fertilization experiment was established in February 1987
at the experiment farm of Politeknik Negeri Lampung, Sumatra, Indonesia (Utomo et al. 1989;
Utomo et al. 2010). Cropping pattern of this longterm experiment was cereal (corn or upland
rice)-legume (soybean, mungbean or cowpea)-fallow (weed or bare soil) rotation. The long-term
experiment is located at 105o13’45.5"-105o13’48.0"E, 05o21’19.6"-05o21’19.7"S, with
elevation of 122 m from sea level.

Experimental Design

The experiment was arranged in a factorial, randomized completely block design, with four
replications. Plot size was four by six meters. The first factor was tillage systems; those were
intensive tillage (IT) and conservation tillage (no-tillage, NT and minimum tillage, MT). While
the second factor was nitrogen treatment with rates of 0, 100 and 200 kg N ha-1 applied for corn;
and 0, 25, and 50 kg N ha-1 for soybean production. Nitrogen source for the N treatment was
Urea 46% N. One third of N rates were applied by hand banding close to the rows a titrated with
HCl 0.1 N to determine the CO2 equivalent (Anderson 1984; Anas (1989). To calculate the
amount of CO2 evolved from soil trapped by KOH, formula modified byAnas (1989) was used.
The data in this paper were expressed as kg CO2-C ha-1 day-1

Aplication of the Treatments

The land prior to long-term experiment initiation was a ladang (a rain-fed farming with period of
fallow), which was abandoned for more than four years and covered by alang-alang (Imperata
cylindrica) grass with average dry matter 12.2 Mg ha-1.The soil is a Typic Fragiudult with slope
ranging from 6 to 9%. Soilparticle sizes composition in the soil surface layer sampled in 1987
was 160, 320 and 520 g kg-1 of sand, silt and clay, respectively. Initial bulk density at 0-20 cm
depth was 0.90 Mg m-3, total porosity 65.7%, pH H2O 6.8, pH KCl 5.8, soil organic-C 16.0 g
kg-1 and soil organic-N 2.0 g kg-1(Utomo et al 1989). Due to the upper layer soil compaction,
all plots of conservation tillage were plowed in 1997 and 2002. In 2003, due to the soil became
acid, so that all plots were limed with 4 Mg ha-1 of CaCO3 (Utomo 2004; Utomo et al. 2010).

Paragraph 1

1. The long term convervation tillage and N fertilization experiment was established in
Febuary 1987 at the experiment farm of politeknik negeri Lampung ,Sumatra , Indonesia
(Utomo et al 1989, Utomo et al. 2010)

Subject : The long term conservation and N fertilization experiment

Verb : established

Prepositional phrase : in Febuary 1987 at the experiment farm of politeknik negeri

Lampung ,Sumatra , Indonesia

Main clause: The long term convervation tillage and N fertilization experiment was established
in Febuary 1987 at the experiment farm of politeknik negeri Lampung ,Sumatra , Indonesia

2.Cropping pattern of this long term experiment was careal (corn or upland rice) -fallow (weed
or bore soil) rotation

Subject: Cropping pattern of this long term experiment

Verb: was

Object: careal (corn or upland rice) -fallow (weed or bore soil) rotation

Main clause: Cropping pattern of this long term experiment was careal (corn or upland rice) -
fallow (weed or bore soil) rotation

3.The long term experiment is located at 105⁰,13 45, 5¹¹-105 13' 48.0 ¹¹ E, 05 ⁰ 21' 19. 6¹¹-05 ⁰
21,19, 7¹¹ S with elevation of 122 m from sea level

Subject : The long term experiment

Verb: located

Prepositional phrase: at 105⁰ 13 45, 5¹¹-105⁰ 13 48.0¹¹ E. 05⁰ 21 19-6¹¹-05⁰21 19. 7¹¹ S ,with
elevation of' 122m from sea level

Main clause: The long term experiment is located at 105⁰,13 45, 5¹¹-105 13' 48.0 ¹¹ E, 05 ⁰ 21'
19. 6¹¹-05⁰ 21,19, 7¹¹ S with elevation of 122 m from sea level

Paragraph 2

1.The experiment was arranged in a factorial randomized completely block design with four
replications

Subject : The experiment

Verb: arranged

Prepositional phrase: in a factorial randomized completely block design with four replications

Main clause: The experiment was arranged in a factorial randomized completely block design
with four replications

2.The first factor was tillage systems those were intensive tillage(IT) and conservation tillage (no
tillage) and minum tillage (MT)

Subject: The first factor

Verb : was

Object: tillage systems those were intensive tillage(IT) and conservation tillage (no tillage) and
minum tillage (MT)

Main clause: The first factor was tillage systems those were intensive tillage(IT) and
conservation tillage (no tillage) and minum tillage (MT)

3.one third of N Rates were applied by hand banding Close to the rows a titrated with HCl 0.1 N
to determine the Co-2 c equivalent (Anderson 1984, Anas(1989))

Subject: One third of N Rates

Verb: Applied
Prepositional phrase: by hand banding Close to the rows a titrated with HCl 0.1 N to determine
the Co-2 c equivalent

Main clause: one third of N Rates were applied by hand banding Close to the rows a titrated
with HCl 0.1 N to determine the Co-2 c equivalent

4.The data in this paper were expressed as kg Co²-c ha -¹ clay-¹

Subject : The data in this paper

Verb: expressed

Prepositional phrase: as kg co²-c ha-¹ clay-¹

Main clause: The data in this paper expressed as kg co²-c ha -¹ clay -¹

Paragraph 3

1. The land prior to long-term experiment initiation was a ladang (a rain-fed farming with
period of fallow), which was abandoned for more than four years and covered by alang-alang
(Imperata cylindrica) grass with average dry matter 12.2 Mg ha-1.

Subject: The land prior to long-term experiment initiation

Verb: was

Object : a ladang (a rain-fed farming with period of fallow)

Main clause: The land prior to long-term experiment initiation was a ladang (a rain-fed farming
with period of fallow

Subordinate clause : The land prior to long-term experiment initiation was abandoned for
more than four years and covered by alang-alang (Imperata cylindrica) grass with average dry
matter 12.2 Mg ha-1.

Pronoun: which

2.The soil is a typic Fragiudult with slope ranging from G to 90 0/0.

Subject: the soil

Verb: is
Object: a typic Fragiudult

Prepositional phrase: with slope ranging from G to 90 0/0

Main clause: The soil is a typic Fragiudult with slope ranging from G to 90 0/0

3.Soil particle sizes composition in the soil surface layer sampled in 1987 was 160,320 and 520g
kg -¹ of sand silt and clay respectively

Subject: Soil particle sizes composition in the soil surface layer sampled in 1987

Verb : was

Prepositional phrase: 160,320 and 520g kg -¹ of sand silt and clay respectively

Main clause: Soil particle sizes composition in the soil surface layer sampled in 1987 was
160,320 and 520g kg -¹ of sand silt and clay respectively.

4.Due to the upper layer soil compaction, all plots of conversation tillage were plowed in 1997
and 2002

Subject : all plots of conversation tillage

Verb : plowed

Prepositional phrase: in 1997 and 2002

Main clause : all plots of conversation tillage were plowed in 1997 and 2002

Adverb: Due to the upper layer soil compaction

5.In 2003 due to the soil became acid so that all plots were limed with 4 mg ha-¹ Caco3.

Subject: all plots

Verb : limed

Prepositional phrase: with 4 mg ha-¹ Caco3

Main clause: all plots were limed with 4 mg ha-¹ Caco3

Adverb: In 2003 due to the soil became acid

 REFERENCES

Utomo, M., Buchari, H., Banuwa, I. S., Fernando, L. K., and Saleh, R. 2012. Carbon

Storage and Carbon Dioxide Emission as Influenced by Long-term

Conservation Tillage and Nitrogen Fertilization in Corn-Soybean Rotation Journal of

Tropical Soils. 17(1): 75-84.
 PENYIMPANAN KARBON DAN EMISI KARBON DIOKSIDA YANG
DIPENGARUHI OLEH PENGOLAHAN TANAH KONSERVASI JANGKA
PANJANG DAN PEMUPUKAN NITROGEN DALAM ROTASI JAGUNG-
KEDELAI

Lokasi Penelitian

Percobaan pengolahan tanah konservasi dan pemupukan jangka panjang didirikan pada bulan
Februari 1987 di kebun percobaan Politeknik Negeri Lampung, Sumatera, Indonesia (Utomo et
al. 1989; Utomo et al. 2010). Pola tanam percobaan jangka panjang ini adalah rotasi serealia
(jagung atau padi gogo)-legum (kedelai, kacang hijau, atau kacang tunggak)-tanah kosong
(gulma atau tanah kosong). Percobaan jangka panjang ini terletak pada 105o13'45.5"-
105o13'48.0 "E, 05o21'19.6"-05o21'19.7 "S, dengan ketinggian 122 m dari permukaan laut.

Rancangan Percobaan

Percobaan disusun dalam rancangan acak lengkap faktorial, dengan empat ulangan. Ukuran plot
adalah empat kali enam meter. Faktor pertama adalah sistem pengolahan tanah, yaitu pengolahan
tanah intensif (IT) dan pengolahan tanah konservasi (tanpa olah tanah, NT dan pengolahan tanah
minimum, MT). Sedangkan faktor kedua adalah perlakuan nitrogen dengan takaran 0, 100, dan
200 kg N ha-1 yang diaplikasikan untuk jagung; dan 0, 25, dan 50 kg N ha-1 untuk produksi
kedelai. Sumber nitrogen untuk perlakuan N adalah Urea 46% N. Sepertiga dari takaran N
diaplikasikan dengan cara hand banding dekat barisan yang dititrasi dengan HCl 0,1 N untuk
menentukan CO2 ekuivalen (Anderson 1984; Anas (1989). Untuk menghitung jumlah CO2 yang
berevolusi dari tanah yang terperangkap oleh KOH, digunakan rumus yang dimodifikasi oleh
Anas (1989). Data dalam makalah ini dinyatakan sebagai kg CO2-C ha-1 hari-1.

Penerapan Perlakuan

Lahan sebelum percobaan jangka panjang dimulai adalah ladang (pertanian tadah hujan dengan
masa bera), yang ditinggalkan selama lebih dari empat tahun dan ditumbuhi oleh rumput alang-
alang (Imperata cylindrica) dengan bahan kering rata-rata 12,2 Mg ha-1. Tanahnya adalah Typic
Fragiudult dengan kemiringan berkisar antara 6 sampai 9%. Komposisi ukuran partikel tanah
pada lapisan permukaan tanah yang diambil sampelnya pada tahun 1987 adalah 160, 320, dan
520 g kg-1 pasir, lanau, dan lempung. Bulk density awal pada kedalaman 0-20 cm adalah 0,90
Mg m-3 , porositas total 65,7%, pH H2O 6,8, pH KCl 5,8, C-organik tanah 16,0 g kg-1 dan N-
organik tanah 2,0 g kg-1 (Utomo et al 1989). Karena pemadatan tanah lapisan atas, semua plot
pengolahan tanah konservasi dibajak pada tahun 1997 dan 2002. Pada tahun 2003, karena tanah
menjadi masam, maka semua petak dikapur dengan 4 Mg ha-1 CaCO3 (Utomo 2004; Utomo et
al. 2010).