Master_Proposal_Research_

TITLE:

Designing Of Active Filter End (AFE) Filter For The Integration of Renewable Resources With Smart Grids

INTRODUCTION:

Smart grids are considered as the future of modern electric power systems. In the years to come, the production
of electricity will experience a dramatic change in both control systems and physical infrastructure. A shift will
occur from large intensive generation stations to various distributed generating stations. It is expected that energy
comes from distributed generating stations into smart grids will be significantly from renewable resources (solar &
wind) [1]. The unpredictability of these renewable energy sources in a smart grid makes power dispatch functions
challenging. Synchronization and utilization of energy from these distributing generating systems is a rising issue.
For smart grids, power electronics technology will be used to utilize these renewable (distributed) energy systems.

OBJECTIVES:

Objectives of my project are as following:

 My project aims to analyze the harmonics rejection of multi-parallel connected inverter for smart grids in
the distribution networks.
 In all modern renewable energy systems such as Solar, Wind, Tidal, Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion,
single-phase and three-phase Active Front End (AFE) systems are key bidirectional technologies which are
utilized. In grid-connected renewable energy systems developing an advanced control system with an
optimum Active Front End (AFE) filter are the main challenging issues.
 To improve power quality and equal power flow.

REVIEW OF LITERATURE:

In renewable energy systems, Grid-connected inverter works on Active Front End Technology (AFE). In [2], multi-
parallel grids connected inverters provided with LCL filter averse to the background grid voltages are inquired. The
effect of the non-linear and unbalanced mixed load is investigated in [3] for micro sources in the microgrid. In [3],
the strategy was proposed to distribute power accurately, harmonic suppression, negative-sequence voltage
component suppression, and stability improvement. Virtual impedance was introduced to inverters for accurate
distribution while for the improvement in the stability of voltage and frequency secondary power balance
controller was added. In [4], a harmonic voltage distortion damping method is proposed for parallel-connected
LCL-Type inverters to maintain the quality of voltages under non-linear loads at the point of common coupling
(PCC). Through Bessel function an iterative method was introduced, for LCL filters Active Front End (AFE) LCL filters
with two level voltage source converters by using pulse width modulation [5]. Multi-Parallel Grid-Connected
Inverters with LCL filters interaction experienced multiple resonances at different frequencies and analysis was
done based on current separation in [6]. In [7] an additional compensation loop and resonant harmonic controllers
were used simultaneously for the Inverter-Side Current Feedback (ICF) to reduce the grid current distortion.
Harmonics emission changes concerning a change in frequency ranges and[8][8] analysis of current harmonics and
measured voltage had been carried out to evaluate harmonics emission in the 0-9 kHz frequency range of the
distribution network [7]. In low voltages distribution system harmonics distortions have been analyzed from 9 to
150 kHz frequency [9]. Harmonics stability is investigated by changing the frequency range and then
PSCAD/EMTDC simulations have been done for five passively damped LCL filters in [10]. By the harmonic balance

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principle, the nonlinearity of pulse width modulator (PWM) is analyzed to address the sideband harmonics [11].
Control strategies for wind turbine and fuel cells for minimizing the harmonics has been proposed which entirely
depends upon synchronous reference frame (SRF) method [12].

METHODOLOGY:

Power electronics is a key technology that will be used to integrate renewable energy into smart grids. The
harmonic analysis will be done by varying frequency range to find the worst condition for the sake of checking
power quality in multi-parallel connected inverters for smart grids in the distribution network. Control strategies
will be made for negative sequence voltages, and fractional frequency. For the analysis of multi-parallel inverter,
conventional droop controller will be used. It will regulate the voltages and frequency by comparing current the
values with preset values. For the sake of accurate distribution of power, an adaptive virtual impedance control
loop will be introduced.

For the harmonics analysis of multi-parallel inverters following steps would be taken;

 Initially harmonic model of a single inverter will be proposed. While modeling and analysis of single
inverter, mathematically direct effect of grid harmonic and indirect effect of grid harmonics will be
performed. After investigating on different frequency levels, set of parallel grid-connected inverter will be
proposed.
 Grid voltage harmonics and reference voltages harmonics will be analyzed.
 The proposed design of single inverter will be tested through various types of harmonic i.e. voltages and
frequency.
 Similarly, set of parallel inverters at different harmonics will be tested.
 In next step, harmonics analysis will be done at varying loads.
 Further, the harmonic analysis of the system will be performed for both identical and non-identical
inverter.
 Admittance matrix analysis and modeling will be done for parallel inverters.

Simulation through MATLAB and RTLAB will be done to verify the expected results. Through these software
scalability and flexibility can be achieved and it makes complex real-time simulations achievable in various
engineering applications. To implement this method in the industry a case study should be performed then
quantitative analysis of all factors will be performed and then it will be implemented industrially.

Harmonic Mathematical Harmonics Mathematical

Model for Single Model for Single Model for Model for
Inverter inverter Parallel Inverter Parallel Inverter

Simulation of Identical and Analysis by Harmonics

Project by using Non-identical Varying Analysis by
MATLAB/RTLAB Inverter Analysis Frequency Varying Load

Figure 1: Flow Chart of Project

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WORK PLAN:

Step:1 Literature review

Step:2 Visit to relevant industry

Step:3 Collection of relevant data from industry visit

Step:4 Performing experiments and obtaining results

Step:5 Thesis writing

The proposed steps and timeline of the project in the following Gantt Chart;

1-Apr 21-May 10-Jul 29-Aug

Start Date
Step-5
Durration
Step-4
End Date
Step-3
Step-2
Step-1

OUTCOMES:

Expected outcomes of this project can be;

 After a few years, trends will be shifted from concentrated generating stations to the distributed station
(renewable energy), due to unpredictability harmonics occur at the output. By this project, we would be
able to analyze the harmonics of the multi-parallel connected inverter to keep our power system stable.
 Power quality will be improved.
 By implemented smart grids, cheap electricity will be generated.
 Unbalanced loads makes difficult to integrate electricity generated from renewable sources with grids, by
analysis of harmonics analysis we would be able to solve that problem.
 Appropriate Active Front Filter (AFE) will be design which can be implemented industrially.
 Accurate power distribution will be possible.

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REFERENCES:

[1] T. Logenthiran, D. Srinivasan, and A. M. Khambadkone, “Multi-agent system for energy resource
scheduling of integrated microgrids in a distributed system,” Electr. Power Syst. Res., vol. 81, no.
1, pp. 138–148, 2011.

[2] K. G. Khajeh and D. Solatialkaran, “SPECIAL SECTION ON ADDRESSING CHALLENGING ISSUES OF

GRIDS WITH HIGH PENETRATION Harmonic Analysis of Multi-Parallel Grid- Connected Inverters in
Distribution Networks : Emission and Immunity Issues in the Frequency Range of 0-150 kHz,” IEEE
Access, vol. 8, pp. 56379–56402, 2020.

[3] H. Dong, S. Yuan, Z. Han, X. DIng, S. Ma, and X. Han, “A Comprehensive Strategy for Power
Quality Improvement of Multi-Inverter-Based Microgrid with Mixed Loads,” IEEE Access, vol. 6,
pp. 30906–30916, 2018.

[4] L. Zhou et al., “Harmonic Voltage Distortion Damping Method for Parallel-Connected LCL-Type
Inverters in Islanded Operation,” IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., vol. 66, no. 11, pp. 9032–9044, 2019.

[5] K. Jalili and S. Bernet, “Design of LCL filters of active-front-end two-level voltage-source
converters,” IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., vol. 56, no. 5, pp. 1674–1689, 2009.

[6] M. Lu, S. Member, X. Wang, and P. C. Loh, “Resonance Interaction of Multi-Parallel Grid-
Connected Inverters with LCL-Filter,” no. 1, 2016.

[7] Z. Xin, P. Mattavelli, and W. Yao, “Mitigation of Grid-Current Distortion for LCL -Filtered Voltage-
Source Inverter With,” vol. 33, no. 7, pp. 6248–6261, 2018.

[8] T. Rehman, J. Yaghoobi, and F. Zare, “Harmonic Issues in Future Grids with Grid Connected Solar
Inverters : 0-9 kHz,” 2018 Australas. Univ. Power Eng. Conf., pp. 1–6, 2018.

[9] J. Yaghoobi, F. Zare, T. Rehman, and H. Rathnayake, “Analysis of High Frequency Harmonics in
Distribution Networks : 9 – 150 kHz,” 2019 IEEE Int. Conf. Ind. Technol., pp. 1229–1234.

[10] C. Yoon, X. Wang, F. M. F. Da Silva, C. L. Bak, and F. Blaabjerg, “Harmonic stability assessment for
multi-paralleled, grid-connected inverters,” Proc. - 2014 Int. Power Electron. Appl. Conf. Expo.
IEEE PEAC 2014, pp. 1098–1103, 2014.

[11] D. Yang, X. Wang, and F. Blaabjerg, “Sideband Harmonic Instability of Paralleled Inverters with
Asynchronous Carriers,” IEEE Trans. Power Electron., vol. 33, no. 6, pp. 4571–4577, 2018.

[12] A. Naderipour, A. Asuhaimi, M. Zin, and M. R. Miveh, “A New Compensation Control Strategy for
Grid-Connected Wind Turbine and Fuel Cell Inverters in a Microgrid,” no. March, pp. 272–278,
2017.