BEJ 30403

ELECTRONIC CIRCUIT
ANALYSIS AND DESIGN
Chapter 4 Oscillator
Part II

Dr. Rahmat Sanudin

Department of Electronic Engineering
Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Outline

• Overview
• Unijunction Oscillator
• Square-wave Oscillator
• Triangular-wave Oscillator
Overview

• Relaxation oscillators - use RC timing circuit &

periodic waveform generator.
• Used generate nonsinusoidal waveforms.
• Example:
• unijunction oscillator,
• square-wave oscillator and
• triangular-wave oscillator
Unijunction Oscillator

• Unijunction osc. – copy capacitor/inductor character

to produce a pulse output.
• Pulse output used to trigger thyristors; e.g. SCR &
Triac.
• Oscillating frequency :
1
𝑓𝑜 =
1
𝑅𝑇 𝐶𝑇 𝑙𝑛
1−𝜂
• h = intrinsic stand-off ratio (≈0.4 – 0.6). Normally
taken as 0.5
Unijunction Oscillator
Square-wave Oscillator

• Inverting input is capacitor

voltage.
• Non-inverting input is
portion of output is fed
back through resistors R2
and R3
Square-wave Oscillator

• Initially, C uncharged, => inverting i/p = 0V. => o/p

+ve max & C change toward Vout through R1.
• When Vc = Vf on non-inverting i/p, => o/p max –ve.
• C discharge from +Vf to –Vf. When Vc = –Vf, o/p return
max. +ve.
• Repetitive action => square-wave voltage obtained.
Triangular-wave Oscillator

• Integrator with dual-polarity, switched input is basis

for triangular-wave oscillator.
• When switch at 1, -ve voltage is applied, and the
output is a +ve ramp.
• When switch at 2, -ve ramp is produced.
• If switch move back and forth, output is a triangular
wave.
Triangular-wave Oscillator

• Practical square-wave &

triangular-wave oscillator
• Frequency of oscillation
1 𝑅2
𝑓=
4𝑅1 𝐶 𝑅3
𝑅3
𝑉𝑈𝑇𝑃 = +𝑉𝑚𝑎𝑥
𝑅2
𝑅3
𝑉𝐿𝑇𝑃 = −𝑉𝑚𝑎𝑥
𝑅2
End of Chapter 4
Part II