Structure White Paper - Crane Girder - Final

VOL. 01
Structural
Design Guide for
Crane Girder
Structural
Design Guide for
Crane Girder
VOL. 01
STRUCTURE INSIGHT

Preface
Objectives of this guide
The analysis and design of the crane moving load calculate the influence of the
vertical and horizontal loads (Max./Min. node displacement, Max./Min. member
strength, and reaction) caused by moving the crane on the crane girder, and it
means a series of analysis and design processes for designing crane girder under
common structures.
This material explains the use of the crane girder analysis and design features in
midas nGen, and provides the relevant technology and verification data for this
analysis and design.
Two types of crane girders can be supported by nGen. As shown in Fig. 1, there is
a "General (type) Crane Girder" that resists vertical and horizontal forces caused by
the crane itself. There is a "Composite (Type) Crane Girder" which can be combined
with horizontal truss and back girder to integrate with horizontal force.
Figure 1. Concept of General Crane Girder
Figure 2. Concept of Composite Crane Girder
Generally, when the crane capacity is not large, a General Crane Girder can be
used. In the case of a crane having a large capacity and a large horizontal force,
as shown in Fig. 2, Composite Crane Girder Resistant with the back girder and
back truss can be used.
Chapters 1 and 2 provide the concept of general crane girder and tutorial data.
And Chapters 3 and 4 provide the concept of composite crane girder and tutorial
data.

Chapter 1
1.1 Element Concepts 1
1.2 Influence Points Concept 2
Introduction of 1.3 Check Position Concept 2
General Crane Girder
Chapter 2
2.1 General Crane Girder Modeling 4
2.2 Crane Definition 5
General Crane Girder: 2.2.1 Vertical weight and vertical impact system [ASCE 7 -16] 6
Introduction to Analysis 2.2.2 Horizontal weight and horizontal impact system [ASCE 7 -16] 6
and Design Procedures 2.2.3 Check wheel load results 6
2.3 Crane Girder Specify 7
2.3.1 Crane rail setting 8
2.3.2 Setting boundary conditions 8
2.4 Crane Selection and Moving Range Settings 9
2.4.1 When 1 crane is set in crane girder-1 9
2.4.2 Crane 2-4 on crane girder-1 (up to 4) 10
2.5 How to Set up Self-Weight and Additional Beam Load 10
2.6 Perform a Moving-Load Analysis after Crane Analysis Case Setup 11
2.7 Check the Results of the Moving-Load Analysis 11
2.7.1 MAX-MAX (+) / MAX-MIN (-) 11
2.7.2 MIN-MAX (+) / MIN-MIN (-) 12
2.8 Perform Crane Girder Design 13
2.8.1 Check load combination moving load 13
2.8.2 Check design results [Status] 13
2.8.3 Crane girder redesigned 13
2.8.4 Check design result [Check design force by load combination] 14
2.8.5 Check design results [Combined ratio check] 14
2.8.6 Detailed account output 14
2.9 Check the Converted Static Load Set [CL] in the Pre-Processing Mode 16
2.9.1 Check the results of the counter-load(CL) by self-weigh
[Self-weight] 17
2.9.2 Check the results of the counter-force by vertical (MAX/MIN)
[CL1 (V) and CL2 (V)] 18
2.9.3 Check the semi-force result by horizontal (+/-) [CL3 (H), CL4 (H)] 19
2.10 Remove CRG after Final Confirmation of Analysis Results 19
2.11 Perform Input and Static Analysis of Additional Static Loads 20
2.11.1 Wind-under input 20
2.11.2 Analysis after setting boundary conditions 21
2.11.3 View analysis results (Deformed) 21
2.12 Perform Main Structure Design 23
2.12.1 Create additional numbers for existing load combination
initialization and crane load (CL) combinations 24

2.12.2 Final check of load combination and design action 25
2.12.3 Check the design results [Status] 25
2.12.4 Check design results [Check design force by load combination] 26
2.12.5 Check design results [Bending-Y check] 26
2.12.6 Detailed account output 27
Chapter 3 3.1 Element Concept 29

3.2 Virtual Beam Concept 29
Composite Crane Girder
3.3 Influence Point and Check Position 30
Introduction to Moving-
3.4 Introduction to Supportable Sections 30
Load Analysis and Design:
Technical Background 40
Chapter 4
4.1 Composite Crane Girder Modeling 31
4.1.1 Align crane girder to model back truss on top and under flange 32
Composite Crane Girder: 4.1.2 Back truss member set definition and modeling, back girder
Introduction to Analysis modeling 33
and Design Procedures 4.2 Crane Definition 34
4.3 Crane Girder and Back Girders, Back Trussed 35
4.4 Crane Set Selection and Range of Movement 36
4.5 How to Set up Self-Weight and Additional Beam Load 37
4.6 Crane Perform a Moving-Load Analysis after Setting up
the Analysis Case 37
4.7 Check the Results of the Moving-Load Analysis 37
4.7.1 MAX-MAX (+) / MAX-MIN (-) 37
4.8 Crane Design 40
4.8.1 Check load combination moving load 40
4.8.2 Check design results [Status] 40
4.8.3 Check design results 2 [Check design force by load combination] 41
4.8.4 Verify design results 3 [Combined Ratio Check] 41

Chapter 1
Introduction of
General Crane Girder

Chapter 1
Introduction of General
Crane Girder
(Moving Load Analysis and Design
Technical Background)
1.1. General Crane Girder is best simulated with a 1D Beam to analyze the impact of crane travel on the
elements. Influence points are used to analyze the impact of moving weights (Figure 3). Here, the
Element Concepts
more Influence Points, the more accurate the moving-weight analysis results are, and the number
(Introduction of 1D- of influence Points can be pre-specified by the user.
Beam Elements and
Supportable Section)
Figure 3. 1D Beam Element and Influence Points Concept
Meanwhile, General Crane Girder in the analysis and design supports 1D Beam member with
certain sections, or, as shown in the Table-1, H-shape, H-shape with Flange Plate, H-C Combined
Shape are used mainly.
Table 1 Crane Girder Main Section Shape
Type Combine Type Single-Sided Shape Design Substitution
H-Shape - H
H-Shape with Flange - H-Shape with

Plate Flange Plate
H-C Combined Downward H

Shape

Structural Design Guide for Crane Girder 1

Figure 4 shows the calculation of the influence line results that were calculated by the unit weights
1.2. over each point. Each of the influence points you specify has the following impact line results,
Influence Points where you can enter the wheel information of the crane to determine the analysis (maximum)
Concept member force, etc. for each Influence point.
Figure 4. Effect Line of Unit Weight on Influence Point
1.3. Check Position is an in-member calculation point that is recognized when performing a design after
analysis, and the program assigns four sections (Figure 5) as Check Position, and you can adjust
Check Position the number of Check Positions according to your intentions. The selected member is determined
Concept by NG, OK or Not Checked, which of the check positions the member has the most unfavorable
Rating, and provides a one-of-a-kind view of the calculation report in the output of the detailed
calculation.
Figure 5. Check Positions of Absence


Chapter 2
General Crane Girder:

Introduction to Analysis
and Design Procedures

Chapter 2
General Crane Girder:

Introduction to Analysis and
Design Procedures
This chapter uses the Crane Framing Plan in 3 spans (column 14 to column 17) of Figure 6 to follow
a simple General Crane Girder model: Each column has a column spacing of 10m, and cranes with
a capacity of 100Ton are located between columns D and E. Each crane girder is simply supported
so that no source moment occurs.
Figure 6. Crane Framing Plan
Figure 7 shows crane wheel information and crane girder information. Crane bridge has a span of
10m, hook approach has 1m. The crane has a capacity of 1,000 KN, trolley and Hoist weighs 250
KN, and has a self-weight of 250 kN. There are eight wheels at each side of the crane bridge, the
wheel load acting on each wheel is assumed to be the same.
Design Guide for Crane Girder

Structural 3

Figure 7. Crane Wheel Loads, Crane Girder Information
2.1. Model CRG, brackets, and column members first, such as Figure 8.
General Crane
1. Main Menu> Define selection
Girder Modeling
2. In the 1D Section, enter the section required for the design. (Material: SS400)
3. Main Menu>Model>Beam>Property>H 600x200x11x17 selection> column modeling
4. Main Menu>Model>Beam>Property>H 600x200x11x17 > bracket modeling
5. Main Menu>Model>Beam>Property>H 1500x500(600)x20x50 selection> CRG modeling
Figure 8. Model Information [Pillar 8EA, Bracket 8EA, CRG 6EA]


Enter crane information to find wheel load, such as Figure 9. This example considers only vertical
2.2. impact factors and thrust impact factors, and in Figure 10 Define Crane Checkboxes are off to
Crane Definition ignore impacts by both Travel and Brake.
1. Tree Menu>Moving Load>Right-click >Add Crane
2. Define Crane>Runway Girder>Double Selection
3. Define Crane>Wheel Spacing>1,1,1,2,1,1,1 entered
4. Define Crane>No. of Wheels>Check 8
5. Define Crane>Wheel Setting>Check Off All confirmation
6. Define Crane>Capacity (Max)> 1,000KN input
7. Define Crane>Crane Total Weight> 500kN input [Selfweight + Trolley/Hoist]
8. Define Crane>Trolley & Hoist Weight (kN)>250kN input
9. Define Crane>Crane Span>10m input
10. Define Crane>Hook Approach>1m input
Figure 9. Crane Enter Information
Figure 10. Wheel Setting


The Horizontal Load & Impact Factor part is entered at the user's judgment and in the areas edict
in the code. ASCE 7 -16, 4.9. Vertical and horizontal impact factors are shown in Figure 11, Figure
12 is the same; for vertical weights, considering a pendent-driven crane, a 10% vertical impact rate
is applied; for horizontal weights, 20% of the weight of the capacity of the crane, hoist, and trolley.
Longitudinal force is distributed laterally to the crane, with an application of a 10% horizontal impact
factor.
2.2.1 Vertical weight and vertical impact system [ASCE 7 -16]
Figure 11. Determine the Maximum Load of the Wheel, taking into account the Impact Load according to ASCE7 -16
2.2.2 Horizontal weight and horizontal impact system [ASCE 7 -16]
Figure 12. Crane Horizontal Weighting According to ASCE7-16
2.2.3 Check Wheel Load results
Figure 13 shows the Wheel Load calculation results reflecting the vertical and horizontal impact
factors. Here, F.S. means a Wheel Load considering the vertical impact factor including trolly weight,
F.N. is a Wheel Load that does not take into account the vertical impact factor, E.S. means a Wheel
Load that does not take into account the trolly weight load. The formula for detailed Wheel Load
processing is described in Figure 14.


Figure 13. Wheel Load Results (Max, F.S/ F.N/E.N by Min Location)
[Example] Calculation of Crane load
Figure 14. Wheel Load Calculation
* Wheel Load (Full Shock) Max.
= (Crane Self–Weight / 2 + (Trolley Weight + Capacity) X ((Span – Approach L) / Span))) / Wheel

No. X Impact factor
= (250.0kN / 2 + (250.0kN + 1,000.0kN) X ((10.0m-1.0m) / 10.0m) / 8EA X 1.1 = 171.875 kN
* Thrust Load
= Horizontal Load Factor of Thrust X (Trolley Weight + Capacity) / Wheel No.
= 0.1 X *(250.0kN + 1,000.0kN) X 8EA = 15.625 kN
2.3. Specify Crane Girder, such as Figure 15, and specify boundary conditions.
Crane Girder 1. Tree Menu>Moving Load>Right-click>Define Crane Choose Girder

Specify 2. Define Crane Girder> Type>Select General Crane Girder
3. Define Crane Girder> Type>Double Runway Girder Selection
4. Define Crane Rail> Select Crane Girder or 2 Point Line > Side A Click> Specify Crane
5. Define Crane Rail> Select Crane Girder or 2 Point Line > Side B Click> Specify Crane
6. Define Support>Auto Search>Check On
7. Define Support>Type>Hinge-Roller choice


Figure 15. Setting Crane Rail and Boundary Conditions
2.3.1 Crane Rail setting
Select Crane Girder to select the rails by member, and 2 Points Line to select by the Rail start and
endpoint. If Crane's Span is longer, it's easier to set the rails with the 2 Points Line method.
Figure 16. Select Crane Girder, 2 Points Line
2.3.2 Setting boundary conditions
If you check on the Auto Search feature in Define Support, Crane Girder and beam functions at both
end automatically recognize the boundary condition. Check off the Auto Search feature, and you
can select and chose the type.


Set crane mileage, such as Figure 18 and Figure 19. Up to four Cranes can be entered into one
2.4. Crane Girder. Two Crane Girders cannot be set simultaneously in one crane moving load definition
Crane Selection such as Crane Girder-1, Crane Girder-2.
And Moving Range 1. Tree Menu>Moving Load>Right-click>Add Crane Moving Load choice
Settings
2. Crane Moving Load> Crane Girder-1 choice
3. Crane Moving Load>Number of Crane choice
4. Crane Moving Load>Moving Area Click >by 2 Points After selection >Select Start Point Specify
5. Crane Moving Load>Moving Area Click>by 2 Points After selection>Select End Point Specify
Figure 17. Crane Moving Load Set Range
2.4.1 When 1 Crane is set in Crane Girder-1
Figure 18. Set the Range of One Crane


2.4.2 Crane 2-4 on Crane Girder-1 (up to 4)
Figure 19. Set the Range of Two Cranes
On the other hand, loads such as crane girder's weight and runways, such as Figure 20, can be
2.5. further applied apart from the moving load analysis.
How to Set up
1. Tree Menu>Static Load>Right-click>Add Static Load Set>Load Type: Dead Load (D)>Add
Self-Weight and
2. Menu>Analysis & Design> Load> Self Weight>Z: -1 Check button after confirmation
Additional Beam
Load
Figure 20. Self-Weight and Beam Load Addition


Set the analysis case to perform a moving-load analysis, such as Figure 21. Crane Static Load Set
2.6. shows that after moving load analysis, the boundary condition is set the output of the reaction force
Perform a Moving- by reading the Load function. Currently, Braking and Travel force are checked off, so we cannot see
the results for longitudinal forces CL5(L) and CL6(L).
Load Analysis
After Crane Analysis In the Global Analysis Control, you can set the number of Influence points mentioned in Figure 21,
and self-weight of Crane Girder.
Case Setup
1. Tree Menu>Analysis Case (Crane Girder)>Right-click>Add Analysis Case (Crane Girder)
2. Global Analysis Control > Check button after confirmation
3. Analysis Case (Crane Girder) > Check button after confirmation
4. Tree Menu>Crane Girder Analysis-1>Right-click>Solve
Figure 21. Adjust Analysis Case Settings, such as adjusting the number of Influence points and whether self-weight is reflected.
The result of the analysis when the crane is in the MAX position, based on the CRG (Max. Wheel
2.7. Load) and when it is in the MIN location (Min. Wheel Load) result (see Figure 13). Max-MAX (+) /
Check the Results MAX-MIN(-) shown in verse 2.7.1 is maximum result in each CRG. The result when the Wheel Load
is loaded, min-MAX(+) / MIN-MIN(-) shown in verse 2.7.2, is minimum. This indicates the result
of the Moving- when the Wheel Load is loaded. The design of the crane girder uses maximum output, since it
Load Analysis occurs when Wheel Load dominates. It uses only the results of 2.7.1, and the results of MIN-MAX(+)
/ MIN-MIN(-) have no direct effect.
2.7.1 MAX-MAX (+) / MAX-MIN (-)
Figure 22~Figure 24 results are Max. shows the results when Wheel Load was applied to CRG.
Figure 22 Vertical sagging by moving load has a (-) value and is located in MAX-MIN(-).
Figure 23 The pure moment by the moving load has a (+) value and is located in MAX-MAX(+).
Figure 24 Vertical force by moving load has a (+) value and is located in MAX-MAX(+).
1) Check the Displacement result


The vertical sagging is 3.38 mm, which also matches the analysis results of other programs
such as MIDAS DESIGN+, MIDAS SET, and so on.
Figure 22. Z-Direction Deformation Results
2) Check Bending Moment result
The analysis force is 1,720 kN∙m, which also matches the analysis results of other programs
such as MIDAS DESIGN+, MIDAS SET, etc.
Figure 23. Bending Moment My Result
3) Check Reaction results
Figure 24. Reaction Z Result
2.7.2 MIN-MAX (+) / MIN-MIN (-)
The MIN result is a design result that is not required for CRG design as a result of the Minimum
Wheel load, so it should be excluded from the analysis.
Since we have confirmed that the displacement, bending moment, and Reaction results have
accurately emerged after analysis, we can perform a crane girder design based on the analysis
force.


2.8.1 Check load combination Moving load

2.8.
Perform Crane Create a load combination, such as Figure 25, and make sure that the generated load combination
has a Moving Load analysis result.
Girder Design
• Menu>Analysis & Design>Load Combination>Load Click Combination
•. Define Load Combination> Generate Load Combination by Template>Add
• Live Load Select embedded load unions (yes: LCB2)>Filter>Moving Load confirmation>Close
• Menu>Design>Run Design
Figure 25. Check Moving Load Results During Load Combination Filter
2.8.2 Check design results [Status]
After performing Run Design, ensure that the design results meet the design conditions that you’ve
set [Figure 26].
• Menu>Result>Design Result>Total Result>Status> OK confirmation
Figure 26. Check the Design Results
2.8.3 Crane Girder Redesigned
If NG is seen in section 2.8.2, select an alternative section and use the Drag and Drop function to
perform the crane girder optimal design.


2.8.4 Check design result [Check design force by load combination]
Finally, the design member force required for the member is confirmed by the load combination
[Figure 27].
• Menu>Result>Design Result>Steel>Bending Y>Demand >Check bending moment diagram
• [Member force by self-weight (D): 75.06kN·m, Member force (L) by moving load: 1718.75KN·m]
• [1.2D+1.6L=1.2(75.06)+1.6(1718.75) = 2840.07KN·m]
Figure 27. Check the Design Force by Load Combination
2.8.5 Check design results [Combined ratio check]
Check the design force/design strength ratio of the crane girder [Figure 28].
• Menu>Result>Design Result>Steel>Combined>Ratio confirmation [0.52]
• Menu>Result>Design Result>Steel>Shear-Z>Ratio confirmation[0.390]
• Menu>Result>Design Result>Steel> Shear-Y>Ratio confirmation [0.02]
Figure 28. Check the strength ratio results
2.8.6 Detailed account output
The Detail Report provides a detailed calculation of the strength ratio in verse 2.8.5.
1. Menu>Result>Design Report>Steel>Detail>Select Object(s)> Check button after confirmation


Figure 29. Detailed Accounts-1
Figure 30. Detailed Accounts -2


Once the performance is completed by verse 2.8, crane Girder's analysis and design have been
2.9. completed, and the CL semi-force results for the main structure design are confirmed. As you can
Check the Converted see in Figure 32, the force of the crane is automatically applied where the boundary conditions of
the crane girder are located. In the section below, we'll check if each counterpoint value is properly
Static Load Set contained, corresponding to the Subpoint number that we have in the model.
[CL] in the Pre-
Processing mode


Figure 32. Full Model with Reactions Applied as Static Load
2.9.1 Check the results of the counter-load (CL) by Self-weight [Self-weight].
Figure 33 shows the Reaction result of crane Girder. You can see that the Subpoint number shown
in Figure 32 was created in the static-load tree by labeling [##].
• Tree>Static Load>Dead Load>CL(Self Weight)>Point Load>CL(Self Weight)-Force-1[17] Right-

click

click

click

click
Figure 33. Counter-Load Results by Self-Weight


2.9.2 Check the results of the counter-force by vertical (MAX/MIN) [CL1(V) and CL2 (V)]
Figure 34 shows the vertical reaction result of the crane girder. You can see that the Subpoint
number shown in Figure 32 has [##] Labeling and is generated in the static-load Tree, and max on
the same line [Subpoint 17, Subpoint 21] in CRG Side A, CRG Side B. Wheel Load results, Min. You
can see that the Wheel Load results are exactly what we needed.
• Tree>Static Load>Live Load>CL1(V)>Point Load>CL1(V)-Force-1[17] Right-click
• Tree>Static Load>Live Load> CL1(V)>Point Load> CL1(V)-Force-2[18] Right-click
Figure 34. Semi-Force Results by CL1 (V) MAX-MIN
2.9.3 Check the semi-force result by horizontal (+/-) [CL3(H), CL4 (H)]
Figure 35 shows the reaction result of the crane girder horizontal load. You can see that the
Subpoint number shown in Figure 32 is [##] labeled and generated in the static-load tree, and the
result is generated in FY as a result of horizontal loading, and you can see that the value has
reversed +, - depending on the direction of the horizontal load.
• Tree>Static Load>Live Load>CL3(H)>Point Load>CL3(H)-Force-1[17] Right-click
• Tree>Static Load>Live Load> CL3(H)>Point Load>CL3(H)-Force-2[18] Right-click
• Tree>Static Load>Live Load> CL4(H)>Point Load> CL4(H)-Force-3[23] Right-click


Figure 35. Reaction Results by CL3 (H), CL4 (H)
If you have checked all the Analysis results from the crane through verse 2.9, the crane girder is no
2.10. longer needed, so you can delete it. After removing CRG and deleting Crane Girder Analysis Case,
Remove CRG after you need to specify a new General Crane girder for the main structure analysis.
Final Confirmation • Tree>Moving Load>Crane Girder-1 (General)(Double)>Right-click>Delete
of Analysis Results
• Tree>Analysis Case (Crane Girder)>Crane Girder Analysis-1>Right-click>Delete
• menu>Click the nGen icon>Save as >Post CL Reaction


Figure 36. Crane Removed after Final Confirmation of Analysis Results
After modeling additional members to ensure the stability of the main structure, such as bracing
2.11. members, as Figure 37, enter the remaining loads such as wind loads, etc., and give boundary
Perform Input and conditions.
Static Analysis of 2.11.1 Wind-under input
Additional Static
• Menu>Analysis & Design>Load>Wind Load>Wind Load Function
Loads
• Menu>Analysis & Design>Load>Wind Load>Wind Load
Figure 37. Additional Wind-Load Input


2.11.2 Analysis after setting boundary conditions
• Menu>Analysis & Design>Boundary & Mass>Support
• Tree>Analysis Case>Right-click>Add Analysis Case
Figure 38. Analysis Case Generation and Input Load Checking (CL, W, etc.)
2.11.3 View analysis results (Deformed)
Figure 39. Self-Weight Results


Figure 40. Self-Weight (CL) as a Result of Crane Weight
Figure 41. Result CL1 (V) Due to Crane Load
Figure 42. Result CL3 (H) Due to Crane Load


Figure 43. Wind Load-1 (+) Resulted from Wind Load
It generates a load combination for performing the design based on each analysis result shown in
2.12. Figures 38 ~ 43. In particular, if there is a crane girder in the structure, an additional load
Perform Main combination is required to take into account the number of different cases caused by the crane.
Structure Design


Figure 44. Load Combination Initialization and Generate Load Combination
2.12.1 Create additional numbers for existing load combination initialization and crane load
(CL) combinations
c number of crane-under-1 (CL) combinations, such as Figure 44, to be considered.
• Menu>Analysis & Design>Load Combination>Delete All
• Menu>Analysis & Design>Load Combination>Generate Load Combinations by Template
• Generate Load Combinations by Template>Set loop-option>Live Load>Add Loop Group
• Loop Condition>Loop Group>Drag & Drop> CL1(V), CL2(V) → Loop Group 1
• Loop Condition>Loop Group>Drag & Drop> CL3(H), CL4(H) → Loop Group 2


Figure 45. Additional Crane Load Combinations are created to account for the number of cases
2.12.2 Final check of load combination and design action
• Menu>Analysis & Design>Load Combination>Check for added Crane load unions
• Menu>Analysis & Design>Design>Run Design
Figure 46. Define Crane Load and Wind Load Combinations
2.12.3 Check the design results [Status]


2.12.4 Check design results [Check design force by load combination]
2.12.5 Check design results [Bending-Y check]
Figure 49. Check the Strength Ratio Results


Figure 50. Detailed Accounts-1






Chapter 3

Introduction to Moving-
Load Analysis and
Design: Technical
Background

Chapter 3

Introduction to Moving-Load
Analysis and Design:
Technical Background
3.1. Introduction to crane girder and connecting materials simultaneous design technology
Element Concept considering Back Girder/Back Truss
Combined Elements - Flanges: 1D-Beam Elements, Web: 2D-Shell Elements
The Composite Crane Girder is a technology designed to make crane girders more reasonably
designable, taking into account the impact of non-connectable back trusses and back girders in
General Crane Girder. As shown in Figure 48, the existing program was able to model the structure
(crane girder and back truss) that the back truss can connect using the 2D Plate and 1D Beam
elements, but the use of composite elements made it difficult to extract the analysis force acting
on the crane girder, and the design was not possible after analysis because it is impossible to detect
it with a designable H-shaped cross-section. To compensate, midas nGen solved these problems
by introducing local direction force Sum and Virtual beam concepts that enable back truss to be
connected, yet be interpreted and designed.
Figure 53. Combined Elements Concept
3.2. As you can see in Figure 54, Combined Element uses the 2D-Plate element for webs where thin
plates are commonly used, and flanges use 1D-Beam elements to help recognize nodes easily and
Virtual Beam model back trusses in the upper and lower flanges and perform analysis. After analysis, the
Concept stresses from combined Element are summed by the Local Direction Force Sum formula into the


Fx, Fy, Fz, Mx, My, and Mz member forces of 1D elements, and the above values are given back to
the design-recognizable Virtual Beam, enabling one-Stop from back truss-considered analysis to
member design.
Figure 54. Combined Elements, Local Direction Force Sum, Virtual Beam
3.3. The impact line and Check Position concepts are the same as the ones mentioned in Chapter 1, so
please refer to Chapter 1.
Influence Point and
Check Position
Figure 55. Effect Line of Unit Weight on Influence Point
3.4. Design-supportable members in Composite Crane Girder can support H-Shape, H-Shape with
Flange Plate, as shown in Table 2.
Introduction to
Supportable Section Table 2 Composite Crane Girder Main Face Geometry
Type Combine Type Single-Sided Shape Design Substitution

End
H-Shape - H
H-Shape with Flange - H-Shape with

Plate Flange Plate


Chapter 4
Composite Crane Girder:

Introduction to Analysis
and Design Procedures

Chapter 4
Composite Crane Girder:

Introduction to Analysis and
Design Procedures
The analysis model is a Type that is the same as the previous one and adds only back girders.
This allows us to explore the degree of improvement in resistance to vertical and horizontal
damage caused by back girders.
Figure 56. Crane Wheel Loads, Crane Girder Information


Figure 56 shows the results of modeling composite Crane Girder. In the next section, we will
4.1. sequentially describe how to model back trusses and back girders on crane girders as above.
Composite Crane
Girder Modeling
Figure 57. Model Information [8 Pillars, 8 Brackets, 6 CRGs, 1m Back Trusses, 12 Back Girder]
4.1.1 Align crane girder to model back truss on top and under flange
• Main Menu> nGen >Open>Load 1 model file
• Main Menu>Member>Assign Member>Assign Crane Girder
• Assign Crane Girder>Select Objects(s)>Crane Girder 6 choices> Check [Figure 58]
• Icon>Show/Hide Section>Check the Top and Under Flange Recognition Line [Figure 59]
• Icon> Show/Hide Section>Check virtual beam recognition lines [Figure 59]
When executing the Align Crane Girder, the top and bottom flange recognition lines are generated
for recognizing the back truss, and a virtual beam recognition line is generated for the analysis
force [Figure 59]. In addition, the Section Offset is executed as shown in Figure 59, and the bracket
is automatically placed in the node position in the lower flange.
Figure 58. Member Aligns to Model Back-Truss on Top and Under


Figure 59. Composite Crane Girder with Top/Bottom Recognition and Virtual Beamlines
Figure 60. Section Offset Comparison Before and After Align Crane Girder
4.1.2 Back truss member set definition and modeling, back girder modeling
• Main menu Define tab > Member Set > Name: "Back Truss" > Add [Figure 60]
• Main Menu Member Tab > Brace > Set: Back Truss>L100x10>Analysis Type: Truss
• Back girder 1m modeling in orthogonal direction from the first upper flange recognition line
• Lb interval setting>Copy function>L100x10 selection>30@1 [Create 30 at 1m intervals]
• Copy function>CRG Side A, Set Back Truss on both Side B top and lower flange
• Menu>Model>Beam>Set: Superstructure>H-300x150x6.5x9 Modeling [Figure 61]
Elements in Back Truss will only work on Crane Load analysis and will be removed after the same
force substitution as the crane girder, with elements that do not affect the main structure's
movement after reaction result substitution. Accordingly, instead of specifying Member Set:
Superstructure, create a separate Member Set to make it easier to delete [Figure 61].
In the case of Back Girder, unlike Back Truss, it is also applied to the moving-load analysis, and
since the member is also applied to the main structure analysis such as wind weight, it is
designated as Superstructure so that it can remain as the main structure even after the substitution
of the crane force [Figure 62].


Figure 61. Back Truss Modeling on Upper/Lower Flange Line
Figure 62. Back Girder Modeling
The Crane definition is the same as the two-piece method, so let's omit it.
4.2.
Crane Definition


The Composite Crane Girder has added a back girder and back truss, so the setting of the boundary
conditions is somewhat more complex than general crane. As you can see in Figure 63, you need
4.3. to do the following four things:
Crane Girder and
1) Define Crane Rail
Back Girders,
Back Trusses 2) Define Support (Crane Girder)
3) Define Support 2 (Back Girder)
4) Define Back Girder & Back Truss
• Tree Menu>Moving Load>Right-click>Define Crane Girder choice
• Define Crane Girder> Type>Composite Crane Girder choice
• Define Crane Girder> Type>Double Runway Girder Selection
• Define Crane Rail> Select Crane Girder or 2 Point Line > Side A Click> Crane Specify [Figure 63]
• Define Crane Rail> Select Crane Girder or 2 Point Line > Side B Click> Crane Specify [Figure 63]
• Define Support>Auto Search>Check On>Select Point(s) (Side A), Select Points (Side B) choice
• Define Support>Type>Hinge-Roller Selection
• Define Support>Select Point(s) (Back Girder Side A) Click> Back Girder Side A Boundary
[Figure 63]
• Define Support>Select Point(s) (Back Girder Side B) Click> Back Girder Side B Boundary
[Figure 63]
• Define Support>Type>Fix-Fix or Pin-Pin choice
• Define Back Girder & Truss>Select Back Girder/Truss(s) (Side A) [Figure 64]
• Define Back Girder & Truss>Select Back Girder/Truss(s) (Side A) [Figure 64]
Figure 63. Crane Girder, Boundary Condition, Back Girder, Back Truss Assignment


Figure 64. Back Truss/Girder Recognition
For Bracket, member Type: Beam has torsional stiffness, which excludes back Truss because it
affects crane Girder's in-plane play in the member.
The crane range can be set to the same as the General Type.
4.4.
Crane Set • Tree Menu>Moving Load>Right-click>Add Crane Moving Load choice
Selection and
• Crane Moving Load> Girder choice
Range of Movement
• Crane Moving Load>Number of Crane choice
• Crane Moving Load>Click on Moving Area>by 2 Points After selection>Select Start Point Specify
• Crane Moving Load>Click on Moving Area>By 2 Points After Selection>Select End Point Specify
Figure 65. Setting the crane range


Self-weight can be set to the same as General Type.
4.5. • Tree Menu>Static Load>Right-click>Add Static Load Set>Load Type: Dead Load(D)>Add
How to Set Up
• Menu>Analysis & Design> Load> Self Weight>Z: -1 Check button after checking
Self-Weight and
Additional Beam
Load
Set the analysis case to perform a moving-load analysis, such as Figure 66. Crane Static Load Set
shows that after moving load analysis, the boundary condition is set to forces to be entered through
4.6. the Result to Load function. The Global Analysis Control shows a window that sets the number of
Crane Perform a Influence Points mentioned in chapter 1, and crane girder weight inclusions.
Moving-Load
Analysis after
Setting Up the
Analysis Case
Figure 66. Adjust Analysis Case Settings, such as adjusting the number of Influence points and whether they reflect Self-weight
The result of the analysis is in the CRG-based Crane [Max] position (Max. When you are in the [Min]
4.7. position with the results of Wheel Load (Min. Wheel Load) result. Max-MAX (+) / MAX-MIN (-) shown
Check the Results of in verse 4.7.1 is Max. The result of wheel load, MIN-MAX (+) / MIN-MIN (-) is min. Indicates the
result of wheel load. The design of the crane girder is max. This occurs when wheel load dominates,
the Moving-Load so MIN. Results for Wheel Load will only be used for future counter-loads.
Analysis
4.7.1 MAX-MAX (+) / MAX-MIN (-)
• Figure 67 Vertical deformation by moving loads has a (-) value and is located in MAX-MIN(-).
• Figure 68 Horizontal deformation by moving loads with values (+, (-) and positioned in Max-Min(+)
and Max-Min(-).
• The Bending moment Y by Figure 69 moving load has a (+) value and is located in Max-Max(+).
• The Bending moment Z by Figure 70 moving load is located in Max-Max(+) and Max-Min(-) with
values (+), (-).
• Figure 71 Vertical reaction by moving load has a (+) value and is located in Max-Max(+).


• Figure 72 Is a horizontal reaction by moving loads with a (+) (-) value and is located in Max-Min(+)
and Max-Min(-).
1) Check the results of the deformation
Vertical position (Z) was 3.20 mm, resulting in Back Girder controlling some deformations, reducing
it by 0.18 mm compared to general type.
Figure 67. Z-Way Deformation Result
Horizontal deformation (Y) is -50.0 mm, which is the largest in the center of Crane Girder.
Figure 68. Y-Way Deformation Result
2) Check bending moment results
The analytical force (My) is 1,720 kN-m, which has the same value as General Crane.
Figure 69. Crane Girder [Virtual Beam] - Bending Moment My Result


The analysis force (Mz) is-32.4 kN∙ m, which is significantly reduced compared to General Crane's
-78.1 kN∙ m.
Figure 70. Crane Girder [Virtual Beam] - Bending Moment Mz Result
3) See the results of the Reaction
The vertical force is 1,030 kN-m, which is the same as the analysis result of general type.
Figure 71. Reaction Z Result
The horizontal force is a value of 32.6 kN-m.
Figure 72. Reaction Y Result


Since we have confirmed that the deformation, bending moment, and reaction results have
accurately emerged after analysis, we perform the crane girder design based on the analysis force.
4.8.
4.8.1 Check load combination moving load
Crane Design
Create a load combination, such as Figure 73, and make sure that the generated load combination
has a Moving Load analysis result.
• Menu>Analysis & Design>Load Combination>Load Combination Click
• Define Load Combination> Generate Load Combination by Template>Add
• Select Load Combination including Live Load (ex: LCB2)>Filter>Moving Load Confirmation>Close
• Menu>Design>Run Design
Figure 73. Load Combination Filter for Moving Load Result Confirmation
4.8.2 Check design results [Status]
After performing Run Design, ensure that the design results meet the design conditions you set
[Figure 73].
The crane girder exits the design in an OK state. The back girder is NG state to perform the redesign.
• Menu>Result>Design Result>Total Result>Status> OK/NG bending check


4.8.3 Check design results 2 [Check design force by load combination]
Finally, the design force required for the member is confirmed by the load combination [Figure 75].
• Menu>Result>Design Result>Steel>Bending Y>Demand >Check bending moment
• [Bending moment by self-weight(D): 82.66kN·m, Bending moment due to moving load (L):
1718.75 KN·m]
• [1.2D+1.6L=1.2(82.66)+1.6(1718.75) = 2849.19KN·m]
4.8.4 Verify design results 3 [Combined ratio check]
Check the design force/design strength ratio of the crane girder [Figure 76].
Check the design force/design strength ratio of the back girder [Figure 76].
• Menu>Result>Design Result>Steel>Combined>CRG Ratio confirmation [0.37]>OK
• Menu>Result>Design Result>Steel>Combined>CRG Ratio confirmation [2.09]>Redesign
Figure 76. Check the Strength Ratio Results


Figure 77. CRG Detailed Report-1




4.8.6 Back girder perform a redesign
The NG member, Back Girder, uses the Drag and Drop function to change sections and then
perform a redesign [Figure 73, Figure 74].
Figure 80. Redesign Back Girder with Drag & Drop Features


Figure 81. Back Girder Design Completed
Figure 82. Back Girder Detailed Report-1


Figure 83. Back Girder detailed Report-2
Once the performance is completed by verse 4.8, the analysis and design of Crane Girder, back
4.9. girder and back truss are completed, and the CL reaction results for the main structure design are
Check Preprocessing confirmed. As you can see in Figure 84, you can see that the reactions are automatically converted
and applied where the boundary conditions of the crane girder and the back girder are. In the
Mode Conversions and section below, we'll make sure that the values of each force are properly contained.
Static Load Set
[CL]


Figure 84. Model with Reaction Results Reflected by Static Load
Figure 85. Model with Reaction Results Reflected by Static Load
4.9.1 Check the results of the counter-load by self-weight [Self-weight]
Figure 86 shows the results of the counter-load caused by crane girder load. You can see that the
Subpoint number shown in Figure 85 was created in the static-load tree by labeling [##].

click
click
click
click


Figure 86. Counter-Load Results by Self-Weight
4.9.2 Check the results of the counter-load by vertical (MAX/MIN) [CL1 (V) and CL2 (V)]
Figure 87 shows the results of the counter-load by vertical weight of the crane girder. You can see
that the Subpoint number shown in Figure 85 is [##] labeled and generated in the static-load Tree,
and max on the same line [Subpoint 17, Subpoint 21] in CRG Side A, CRG Side B. Wheel Load results,
Min. You can see that the Wheel Load results are exactly what is expected.
• Tree>Static Load>Live Load>CL1(V)>Point Load>CL1(V)-Force-1[17] Right-click


Figure 87. CL1 (V) Reaction Results by MAX-MIN
4.9.3 Check the Reaction result by horizontal (+/-) [CL3 (H), CL (H)]
Figure 88 shows the Reaction result of the crane girder horizontal weight. You can see that the
Subpoint number shown in Figure 85 is [##] labeled and generated in the static-load tree, the result
is generated in FY as a result of horizontal laoding, and you can see that the value is reversed +, -
depending on the direction of the horizontal load.
• Tree>Static Load>Live Load>CL3(H)>Point Load>CL3(H)-Force-1[17] Right-click
• Tree>Static Load>Live Load> CL3(H)>Point Load>CL3(H)-Force-2[18] Right-click


Figure 88. CL3 (H), CL4 (H) Reaction Results
If you have checked all the reaction results from the crane through verse 4.9, the crane girder is
4.10. no longer needed, so you can delete it. After removing the CRG, deleting crane Girder Analysis
Remove CRG and Case, the file name is newly created for the main structure analysis.
Back Truss after • Tree>Moving Load>Crane Girder-1 (Composite)(Double)>Right-click>Delete
Final Confirmation of
Reaction Results • Tree>Analysis Case (Crane Girder)>Crane Girder Analysis-1>Right-click>Delete
• Tree>Model>Member>Back Truss>Right-click>Delete
• Menu>B.P Click icon>Save as >Post CL Reaction


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Objectives of this guide

Figure 1. Concept of General Crane Girder

Figure 2. Concept of Composite Crane Girder

Chapter 3 3.1 Element Concept 29

Figure 3. 1D Beam Element and Influence Points Concept

Table 1 Crane Girder Main Section Shape

Type Combine Type Single-Sided Shape Design Substitution

H-Shape with Flange - H-Shape with

H-C Combined Downward H

Figure 4. Effect Line of Unit Weight on Influence Point

Figure 5. Check Positions of Absence

General Crane Girder:

General Crane Girder:

Figure 6. Crane Framing Plan

Design Guide for Crane Girder

Figure 7. Crane Wheel Loads, Crane Girder Information

3. Main Menu>Model>Beam>Property>H 600x200x11x17 selection> column modeling

4. Main Menu>Model>Beam>Property>H 600x200x11x17 > bracket modeling

5. Main Menu>Model>Beam>Property>H 1500x500(600)x20x50 selection> CRG modeling

Figure 8. Model Information [Pillar 8EA, Bracket 8EA, CRG 6EA]

1. Tree Menu>Moving Load>Right-click >Add Crane

2. Define Crane>Runway Girder>Double Selection

3. Define Crane>Wheel Spacing>1,1,1,2,1,1,1 entered

4. Define Crane>No. of Wheels>Check 8

5. Define Crane>Wheel Setting>Check Off All confirmation

6. Define Crane>Capacity (Max)> 1,000KN input

7. Define Crane>Crane Total Weight> 500kN input [Selfweight + Trolley/Hoist]

8. Define Crane>Trolley & Hoist Weight (kN)>250kN input

9. Define Crane>Crane Span>10m input

10. Define Crane>Hook Approach>1m input

Figure 9. Crane Enter Information

Figure 10. Wheel Setting

2.2.1 Vertical weight and vertical impact system [ASCE 7 -16]

2.2.2 Horizontal weight and horizontal impact system [ASCE 7 -16]

Figure 12. Crane Horizontal Weighting According to ASCE7-16

2.2.3 Check Wheel Load results

[Example] Calculation of Crane load

Figure 14. Wheel Load Calculation

* Wheel Load (Full Shock) Max.

= (Crane Self–Weight / 2 + (Trolley Weight + Capacity) X ((Span – Approach L) / Span))) / Wheel

= (250.0kN / 2 + (250.0kN + 1,000.0kN) X ((10.0m-1.0m) / 10.0m) / 8EA X 1.1 = 171.875 kN

= Horizontal Load Factor of Thrust X (Trolley Weight + Capacity) / Wheel No.

= 0.1 X *(250.0kN + 1,000.0kN) X 8EA = 15.625 kN

Crane Girder 1. Tree Menu>Moving Load>Right-click>Define Crane Choose Girder

3. Define Crane Girder> Type>Double Runway Girder Selection

6. Define Support>Auto Search>Check On

7. Define Support>Type>Hinge-Roller choice

Figure 15. Setting Crane Rail and Boundary Conditions

2.3.1 Crane Rail setting

Figure 16. Select Crane Girder, 2 Points Line

2.3.2 Setting boundary conditions

3. Crane Moving Load>Number of Crane choice

Figure 17. Crane Moving Load Set Range

2.4.1 When 1 Crane is set in Crane Girder-1

Figure 18. Set the Range of One Crane

2.4.2 Crane 2-4 on Crane Girder-1 (up to 4)

Figure 19. Set the Range of Two Cranes

Figure 20. Self-Weight and Beam Load Addition

2. Global Analysis Control > Check button after confirmation

3. Analysis Case (Crane Girder) > Check button after confirmation

4. Tree Menu>Crane Girder Analysis-1>Right-click>Solve

2.7.1 MAX-MAX (+) / MAX-MIN (-)

1) Check the Displacement result