Vectors

Vectors:
A is a quantity that has both a magnitude (or size) and a
direction,
The point A from where the vector starts is called its initial
point,
The point B where it ends is called its terminal point,
Represented by |AB| or a, The arrow indicates the
direction of the vector.
Position Vector:- A vector that symbolises either the
position or the location of any given point with respect to
any arbitrary reference point like the origin.
Types:
Zero Vector: A vector with zero magnitude but the certain
direction is known as a null vector.
Unit Vector: A vector whose magnitude is unity (1 unit) is
called a unit vector[â]
Coinitial Vectors: Two or more vectors having the same
initial point are called coinitial vectors.
Collinear Vectors: Two or more vectors parallel to the same
line, irrespective of their magnitudes and directions.
Equal Vectors: Two vectors having the same magnitude and
direction regardless of the positions of their initial points.
Negative Vector: Vector whose magnitude is the same as that
of a given vector but direction is opposite.
Addition of vectors:
Vectors are added geometrically and not algebraically.
Vectors whose resultant have to be calculated behave
independently.
Vector Addition is nothing but finding the resultant of a
number of vectors acting on a body.
Vector Addition is commutative. This means that the
resultant vector is independent of the order of vectors.
Triangle Law
Draw a line AB representing vector a with A as the tail and B as the
head. Draw another line BC representing vector b with B as the tail
and C as the head. Now join the line AC with A as the tail and C as
the head. The line AC represents the resultant sum of the vectors a
and b
The line AC represents the resultant sum of the vectors a and b.
a+b
The magnitude of vectors a and b is: √(a² + b² + 2ab Cos θ)
a = magnitude of vector a; b = magnitude of vector b;
θ = angle between vector a and b
Parallelogram Law
According to this law,
if two vectors, P and Q, are represented
by two adjacent sides of a parallelogram pointing outwards, as
shown in the figure below, then the diagonal drawn through the
intersection of the two vectors represent the resultant.
Magnitude of the resultant is given by:
√(a² + b² + 2ab Cos θ)
Multiplication of Vectors

1. SCALAR MULTIPLICATION
2. VECTOR MULTIPLICATION
Scalar multiplication
When a vector is multiplied by a scalar quantity, then the
magnitude of the vector changes in accordance with the
magnitude of the scalar but the direction of the vector
remains unchanged.
Suppose we have a vector a, then if this vector is multiplied
by a scalar quantity k then we get a new vector with
magnitude as |ka| and the direction remains same as the
vector a if k is positive and if k is negative then the direction
of k becomes just opposite of the direction of vector a .
Vector Multiplication
The Vector product of two vectors, a and b, is denoted by a × b. Its
resultant vector is perpendicular to a and b. Vector products are also
called Cross Product.
A × B =|A| |B| sin θn̂ ,
A and B are the vectors,
|A| and |B| are the magnitudes of vectors,
θ is the angle between vectors, and
n̂ is the unit vector perpendicular to the plane