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NOTES
Scalars: The quantities which require only magnitude for their complete description are called
scalar quantities. For example, mass, length, density, temperature etc.
Vectors: The quantities which require both magnitude and direction for their complete
description are called vector quantities. For example, force, velocity, acceleration etc
Symbolic Representation: Vectors are usually denoted by bold face letter such as A, B. During
writing we put an arrow head over the letter like ⃗A , and magnitude is represented by light face
letter A.
Origin: The point of intersection of two axis is called origin. And line
right to and above origin is taken as positive and line left and below
origin is taken as negative.
coordinate
Vector Addition: A graphical method for vectors addition is called head to tail rule. There are
following steps of vector addition by head to tail rule.
As the vector sum A+B and B+A has the same results so A+B=B+A.
So vector addition is commutative
Resultant vector: The resultant of two or more vectors is a single vector which would have
same effect as if all the original vectors are taken together.
Vector Subtraction: The subtraction of a vector is equivalent to the addition of same vector with
reversed direction.
Multiplication Of Vector: When a vector A is multiplied by a positive number n>0 then its
magnitude is n𝐴 and in case of negative number direction is reversed.
Test your Concept
A single vector having the same effect as
Q Q The vector in plane has components
all the original vectors taken together called
A Resultant Vector B Unit Vector A One B Two
Q The result of 120 N and 20 N forces cannot Q this shows that addition of vectors is
Zohaib Ali