PARUL UNIVERSITY

Faculty of Engineering and Technology

SYLLABUS FOR 4th Sem BTech PROGRAMME
Professional Communication Skills-2 (203193251)

INTRODUCTION
Preparation is one of the features of public speaking, which relates addressing
a group of people on formal occasions. Public speaking, like any other
professional task, requires planning, preparation, and perfect execution of
Ideas all this requires a lot of hard work and patience on the part of the
speaker. Let us discuss some of the essential features of public speaking and
learn ways to make the task interesting, purposeful, and rewarding.

CHOOSING AN APPROPRIATE PATTERN

As a speaker, the first thing that one has to do is to structure one’s speech.
Before speeches are delivered formally, the speaker has to decide the pattern
in which the idea will be put across to the audience. There are some widely
recognised patterns, and while planning to make a speech, you can choose any
one of these. Let us look at the finer aspects of all such patterns in some detail.

Chronological pattern:
The chronological pattern is one of the most commonly employed patterns for
organising a speech. In this pattern, we arrange ideas, keeping in mind the
chronology of events. For example, if you are required to give a speech on ‘The
History of Indian Cricket’, ‘The History of Mughal Emperors’, ‘The Development
of Psychology’, ‘The Progress of Democracy in the World’, etc., we are likely to
choose a series of events and speak about the development over a period of
time whenever you choose to utilise the chronological pattern you are
required to match the sequence of events and time. The speeches organised
through this pattern required a clear link to be established between the events
and their time sequence. Often the styles of presentation structured in this
pattern is detached with more focus on sharing with audience the information
on how a particular system, organisation, or situation has evolved over a
period of time.
Causal pattern:
In this pattern the idea of divided into two major components – causes and
effects. Normally, this pattern is chosen to highlight the relationship between a
problem and the reason for existence. While employing this pattern, some
speakers used to reverse the pattern and highlight first effects of a problem,
and then explain the causes behind it. Some of the topics for which you may
required to structure the speech on this format are ‘Corrupt in the Indian
Bureaucracy’, ‘Global warming: Challenges and perspective’, ‘Impact of
Advertisements on Young Minds’, ‘From the Joint Family System to the Nuclear
Family Structure’, ‘Alcoholism: Its Causes and Effects’ etc.
Unlike the speeches arranged in the chronological pattern, the speeches
arranged in a causal pattern are more involved and emotive in approach. While
choosing this pattern, the speaker intends to highlight the gravity of the
situation by focusing on its causes and effects. The causal pattern is preferred
in situations when the speaker intends to create a lasting impact on his/her
listeners.

Spatial pattern:
Spatial pattern is best suited two speeches which have a geographical or
structural orientation. For instance, topics such as ‘Amber fort: Its Structure
and Splendour’, ‘The Birla Temple Jaipur: A Structural Description’, ‘Design of
an Automatic Washing Machine’ etc. would fall under the category. Therefore
the speeches that require us to discuss the components and structure of a
particular building, machine, organisation etc. are arranged in this pattern.
While choosing this pattern we can move the discussion from top to bottom
right to left or front to back. As a spatial pattern chooses to arrange the
discussion in different directions, it is also referred to as directional pattern.

Topical pattern:
Another commonly employed pattern – the tropical pattern – chooses to
divide and arrange the different parts of speech into various headings and sub-
headings. When the speaker has to inform the audience about the various kind
the types of something, he/she chooses this pattern. Of all the patterns the
tropical pattern is the most widely utilise some of the topics for which you
measures to choose the topical pattern for arranging the ideas you speech are
‘Types of Cancers’ ‘Importance of Sex Education in Schools’, ‘Difference in
Marxist and Capitalist Economics’, ‘Kinds of cyclonic storm’, etc.

Psychological pattern:
At times a situation requires the speaker to structures speech according to the
needs of his/her listeners. In such situations, the speaker arranges ideas in a
manner most likely to create an immediate impact on the listeners. Essentially
persuasive in appeal, the speeches structured in the psychological pattern are
quite emotive in style and sense. Some of the topic speaking on which the
speakers may use this pattern are ‘Loneliness: A By-Product of Modern Living’,
‘Are We All Getting Americanized?’, ‘Pakistan Nuclear Program: A Threat to
Our Survival?’

Selecting appropriate method:

In public speaking, only the pattern but the matter of delivery also matters a
lot. All such methods have their own relative advantages and disadvantages. A
brief discussion on these methods would help you figure out which of these
methods suits your purpose on a particular occasion. Broadly categorised,
there are four major ways of delivering a speech. These are as follows:

 Speaking from memory

 Speaking from the manuscript
 speaking impromptu
 speaking from notes
(PDF is attached)

ART OF PERSUASION
As already suggested speech making is a creative process by which the speaker
intends to influence the audience with his/her ideas. To be able to achieve this,
the speaker has to keep the speeches well planned, properly substantiated,
adequately convincing, and unquestionably relevant to the needs of the
audience. It is through this through these that the speaker tries to persuade his
or her audience to understand, appreciate and possibly follow his/her line of
thought. If a speech falters on any of these final aspects of its appraisal, it fails
to live up to the task of achieving its objective. In order to make your ideas
persuasive, bear in mind the following points:
1. Research topics for thoroughly.
2. Use proper data and figures to sound convincing.
3. Keep an audience oriented approach.
4. Employ personal examples to establish personal rapport with the
audience.
5. Create a verbal imagery to leave the desired impact on the audience.
6. Use language suited to the occasion.
7. Keep your audience at entertain during the speech.

Apart from persuasion, speeches are also required to be interesting enough to

listen to and followed. In fact to be able to convince the audience about your
ideas, you should be able to first of all make them listen to you. In fact keeping
your audience engaged is the greatest challenge than convincing them about
your ideas. Let us learn how to keep the speeches interesting.

MAKING SPEECHES INTERESTING

In the professional world, a number of speeches are delivered every day.
However most of these pictures of forgotten as soon as they are completed.
What do you think the lack? Information? Ideas? Data? No. What they actually
lack is a quality of arousing and sustaining the interest of the audience. In the
entire public speaking situation, the toughest challenge that speaker actually
faces is to be able to make his/her audience listen to his/her speech.
Therefore, keeping your audience interested in you is an art that needs to be
carefully developed and gradually inculcated in your speech-making efforts.
There are some tried and tested ways of achieving this, a few of which are
discussed in detail in the remaining part of the text.
Broadly speaking, you can render your speeches interesting and captivating by
walking on the following strategies:
1. Make your beginning catchy.
2. Use humour or wit.
3. Use body language appropriately.
4. Employ proper voice modulation.
5. Using examples and instances
6. End emphatically

DELIVERING DIFFERENT TYPES OF SPEECHES

In this section, we will see different types of speeches.
1. Welcome/introductory speech
2. Vote of thanks speeches
3. Farewell speeches
(PDF is attached)