People’s Plan Campaign for

Gram Panchayat Development Plan

(2nd October to 31st December 2018)

PRI-CBO Convergence
Training Manual

September 2018

National Institute of Rural Development & Panchayati Raj

(Ministry of Rural Development, Govt. of India)
Rajendranagar, Hyderabad - 30.

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 Contents
Session 1: Orientation on the Training Programme
1.1 Structure and contents of the Manual
1.2 Guidelines for Training Facilitators
1.3 Guidelines for the Participants
Session 2: Introduction to PRI-CBO Convergence
2.1Constitutional Mandate of PRIs
2.2 The Institutions of the Poor
2.3 Self Help Group and the Democratic Space
2.4 The PRI-CBO Linkages
2.5 Need for Strengthening PRI-CBO Convergence
Session 3: CBOs and their role in Village Development
3.1 Community based organizations
3.2 Self-Help.
3.3 Users’ Groups
3.4 Youth Club
3.5 Mahila Mandals.
3.6 Beneficiary Committees
3.7 Joint Forest Management Group
3.8 Role of CBOs in Village Development
Session 4: PRI- CBO Convergence
4.1 The need and opportunity for Convergence
4.2 Objectives of the PRI_SHG Convergence
4.3The Rationale for the Convergence
4.4 Areas of PRI-CBO Convergence
Session 5: Role of different agencies in PRI-CBO Convergence
5.1 Role of Gram Panchayat in PRI-CBO Convergence
5.2 Role of SHGs in PRI-CBO Convergence -
5.3 Role of State Government in PRI-CBO Convergence
5.4 Role of SRLMs in PRI-CBO Convergence

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Session 6: Enabling Convergence for Poverty Reduction
6.1 Participatory Assessment and Planning
6.2 Participatory Assessment of Entitlement (PAE):
6.3 Entitlement Access Plan (EAP)
6.4 GP level Poverty Reduction Plan
6.5 Integration with GPDP

Session 7: PRI-CBO Convergence Project-

7.1 National Resource Organisation (NRO)
7.2 Project Goals
7.3 Guiding principles of NRO
7.4 CBO-PRI Convergence Project States
7.5 Result Frame work of the Project

Session 8: Expected outputs and outcomes of PRI-CBO convergence

8.1 Expected Outputs
8.2 Expected Outcomes

Annexure 1: Roles and Responsibility of PRIs and CBOs in key RD programmes

Annexure 2: Case Study of PRI-CBO convergence project in Assam

Annexure 3: Case Study of PRI-CBO convergence project in Odisha

Annexure 4: Model format of GP Poverty Reduction Plan

References

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 Training Programme Structure

Session / Topic Session Objectives Inputs Expected Outcomes

Day 1-

To sensitize the Explain to the Participants will get

Session 1: participants on the participants the oriented on the PRI-
Orientation on the training content and structure of the CBO convergence
Training training methodology training programme training programme
Programme
Establish the key issues Provide an
from the perspective of understanding on the
each participant guidelines laid down
for training facilitators
and the participants

Constitutional mandate Give an overview of Participants get an

Session 2: of PRIs for preparation Constitutional overview of the
Introduction to of plans for economic Mandate of PRIs institutions of the
PRI-CBO development and social poor at the village
Convergence justice Explain the concept of level that provide
SHGs, the Institutions space, voice and
The strategy of poverty of the Poor resources to the poor
alleviation through
CBOs Describe the role of Understand the
PRI and CBO in local importance of PRI -
Illustrate the operational development CBOs linkages to
linkage between CBOs work together for
and Gram Panchayats How the collectives of getting better
the poor be outcomes from RD
Introduce the DAY- strengthened for Programmes
NRLM framework for engaging them
PRI-CBO convergence effectively in the
governance process

Meaning and Concept of Role of CBOs /

Session 3: CBOs federations of SHGs participants will get
CBOs and their role in village clarity on CBOs and
in Village Different types of CBOs development their federation that
Development operating in rural evolved under poverty
areas alleviation
The role CBOs can play programmes
in rural development

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 Need and Opportunity CBO work seamlessly Participants get the
Session 4: for Convergence with the PRIs for knowledge about the
PRI- CBO development of CBOs emerging as a
Convergence Objectives of the PRI- village service delivery
CBO Convergence agencies
How SHG network • How innovative
Rationale and the work together to action can be
principles of the strengthen the poor’s nurtured by local
Convergence access to entitlements
communities
and enhance the
Areas where the PRI- public’s participation Enhanced
in local governance
CBOs can work understanding about
for improved service
effectively the usefulness of
delivery participatory planning
by involving
community based
institutions

Day 2-

Explain the Role of How to put in place Participants become

Session 5: Gram Panchayat/ robust institutional
Role of different State Government / structure for enabling
agencies in PRI- SRLM in PRI-CBO convergence and
CBO Convergence Convergence participatory
governance at the GP
level
How to build CBO
network as an agency
for consolidation of
grassroots demands
Establishing
institutional platforms
for convergence
aware of the practices
and procedure to
nurture the
community to help
strengthen and sustain
PRIs
How partnership of
women organisation
and PRIs can be
strengthened for
effective rural
governance

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Session 6: Orient the participants Use of PAE as Participants will learn
Enabling on the methodology of participatory tool to about:
Convergence for PAE and EAP and GP captures information, Creation of PAE
Poverty Reduction poverty reduction plan create a database
(micro plan) by each
of the SHGs
Entitlement Access
Plan is a target plan
prepared by each Creation of EAP plan
VOs by the VOs

GP Poverty Creation of GP
Reduction Plan is a Poverty Reduction
comprehensive plans by the VOs
demand plan
prepared by SHG in Integration of GP2RP
partnership with GP plans with GPDP

Session 7: To introduce the Provide an overview Participants will get

PRI-CBO approach adopted to of the KS-NRO the clear Perspective
Convergence implement the PRI-CBO project for promoting of the KS-NRO
Project- Convergence SHGs and institution Convergence
building. Project
Explain Result Frame
work of the KS-NRO Facilitation of better Clear understanding
Project participatory planning on the role of VOs
by the Panchayat and SHGs in
Goals of KS-NRO along with the CBO preparation of poverty
project network reduction plan of the
Gram Panchayat

Session 8:
Expected outputs Explain how Panchayat Expected outputs and Participants will
and outcomes of get benefited by outcomes of the PRI- become aware of
PRI-CBO partnering with CBO conversion outputs and Outcomes
convergence VOs/SHGs in the of the
planning and PRI-CBO intervention
implementation of
programmes for Appreciate how PRI-
economic development CBO convergence
and social justice will help the
Panchayats in better
planning and
implementation of
programmes

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 Session 1:
Orientation on the Training Programme

Welcome and Inauguration:

 Organizer welcomes the participants and inaugurates the two day training programme
and orient them on PRI-CBO Convergence

 The training facilitator communicate the objectives of the programme and explain the
roles and responsibilities of the training facilitator as well as the Participants

Session Objectives:

 To sensitize the participants on the training content and training methodology

 To explain to the participants the structure of the training programme

 To provide an understanding on the guidelines laid down for training facilitators and the
participants

 Establish the key issues from the perspective of each participant (Expectations)

Ice Breaking Exercise:

This session could also be used as ice-breaking session. There are a number of standard ice-
breaking exercises which could be used. Icebreakers are exercises that help break inhibitions,
shyness and facilitate interaction of group members with each other. They help create an
atmosphere of friendliness, informality and mutual acceptance.

Session Content-

1.1 Structure and contents of the Manual: This training manual is designed to help the
training institutions and training facilitators to organise a two day training programme on PRI-
CBO convergence. The manual presents base content for the capacity building and training
of the elected representatives, PR officials, Community Resource Persons , SHG members
and others as how the institutions of the poor and other community based organisations such
as Self Help Groups and their federations can be empowered to demand and to access their
rights and entitlements. The objective is to facilitate the development of organic interface
between the federations of Self-Help Groups and the Panchayats for the socioeconomic
development of the villages. The manual outlines the objectives, rationale and principle of PRI-
CBO convergence that provide space, voice and resources for the poor and for reducing their
dependence on external agencies .The manual provide resource material to develop a

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comprehensive understanding of the subject matter for imparting training to stake holders.
The manual comprises of eight topics/ sessions to be completed in two days of training. The
session wise content covered is as follows.

Session 1: Orientation on the Training Programme

Session 2: Introduction to PRI-CBO Convergence
Session 3: CBOs and their role in Village Development
Session 4: PRI- CBO Convergence
Session 5: Role of different agencies in PRI-CBO Convergence
Session 6: Enabling Convergence for Poverty Reduction
Session 7: PRI-CBO Convergence Project-
Session 8: Expected outputs and outcomes of PRI-CBO convergence
1.2 Guidelines for Training Facilitators: Training facilitators play an important role in training
the stakeholders on all the PR-CBO convergence related activities... The facilitators should keep
in mind the following guidelines

1. The training methodology in the programme shall be essentially participatory and

interactive, combining various methods like - interactive lectures, group work,
brainstorming, experience sharing, role plays, flip charts, exercises and case studies etc.
The training facilitators are free to adopt any other methodology suitable.

2. The training facilitators are expected to use this content for preparing theme based
sessions specific to respective state
3. The trainer should prepare their own power point presentations, flipcharts or other audio-
visual support aids based on the content in each topic.
4. Recognize the important and elements of PRI-CBO convergence in formulating GPDP.
Use concrete examples, project evaluations etc. to provide actual cases to illustrate the
concepts.

5. Before every session, the training facilitator shall keep all handouts to be distributed
ready, along with all training media and material required for effective conduct of the
session
6. The facilitator could make a brief presentation covering the topic and then the session
could be opened for discussion. At least one-third of the time should be devoted to
discussions and experience sharing for conceptual clarity on the subject.
7. Minor changes/innovations can be made in the content as per local needs and time-spills.
8. Encourage the development of skills and understanding of the fundamental principles,
methodology and techniques of PRI-CBO convergence

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 9. After every session, the trainer should take feedback of the participants, on what worked
well, what could be improved and take corrective action...

1.3 Guidelines for the Participants

1. The participants must actively participate and share their positive as well as negative
experiences from field. This would help in formulation of better strategies.

2. The participants must be able to understand and appreciate the relevance of the sessions.

3. They should be able to simultaneously connect the points raised in the sessions to the
social conditions in the field.

4. The participants must be forthcoming in sharing their concerns and doubts for general
discussion. This would help them gain clarity and ensure practical solutions are identified
for the real-life issues.

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 Session 2:

Introduction to PRI-CBO Convergence

Session objectives:

 Give an overview of Constitutional Mandate of PRIs

 Explain the concepts of SHGs the Institutions of the Poor
 Democratic Space provided to SHG under DAY-DAY-NRLM to work in coordination
with Panchayats
 Concept of PRI-CBO Convergence and need for its Strengthening

Session Brief:
 The constitution of India has assigned to the Panchayati Raj Institutions the
responsibility of economic development and social justice. To perform these functions,
PRIs need to work closely with community based organizations, particularly of the poor.
Recognizing the need for an effective and functional working relationship between
Panchayat and SHGs the DAY-NRLM framework provides for PRI-CBO convergence.

 The Intensive Participatory Planning Exercise required under MGNREGA gave the
central role to SHGs and its federations in the preparation of the Labour Budget. This has
brought about an operational linkage between SHGs and Gram Panchayats

 .The PRI-CBO convergence can be harnessed to serve as catalyst for Addressing

exclusion, Enabling participation, Claiming rights and Realizing equity

 PRI-CBO Convergence aims at building the capabilities of the SHG network to work
along with Gram Panchayats in order to make qualitative improvements in their standard
of living by increasing access to their due rights and entitlements and by effectively
intervening in the local democratic governance processes

Group Work:

 The participants may be divided into groups to l prepare a group report on a theme and
the same will have to be presented before the training facilitators. This will enable the
facilitators and the participants to evaluate the extent of transfer of learning that has taken
place.

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Session Content

2.1Constitutional Mandate of PRIs: The constitution of India has assigned to the Panchayati
Raj Institutions (PRIs) the responsibility of economic development and social justice in respect
of 29 subjects listed in schedule XI. As local government, GPs are responsible for delivery of
basic services to local citizens and address vulnerabilities of poor and marginalized ones. This
can only be achieved through implementation of well thought out plans through efficient and
responsible utilization of available resources. Hence, an efficient and robust planning process as
part of GP’s core functioning becomes necessary. GP development plan need to match peoples’
needs and priorities with available resources and as such it is has to be prepared through a fair,
inclusive, transparent and participatory process...

2.2 The Institutions of the Poor: The Self Help Groups (SHG) is the strong institutions of the
poor at the village level that provide space, voice and resources for the poor and for reducing
their dependence on external agencies. These institutions empower the poor and also act as
instruments of knowledge and technology dissemination, and hubs of production, collectivization
and commerce. Government of India established the Deendayal Antyodaya Yojana National
Rural Livelihoods Mission (DAY-NRLM) in June 2010 to implement the new strategy of
poverty alleviation woven around community based organisations. DAY-NRLM focuses on
universal inclusion of the poor, identified through participatory processes and extend support to
access credit and access services, for sustainable livelihoods and improved quality of life.

2.3 Democratic Space for Self Help Groups: The Self Help Group in rural areas is
advantageously placed to transform the quality of delivery of many rural development
programmes. These SHGs are in a position to mobilize women and their families and bring them
into the Gram Sabha. SHGs can deliberate on local development issues which would give a
strong focus to the situation analysis done for GP The understanding of poverty by the SHGs
help them to draw the attention of the Panchayat on the problems of vulnerable and ensure their
entitlements. As stakeholders they can ensure that the institutions meant to serve the poor like
the Anganwadi, the Primary School and the Health centre, and the programmes for social
development like the Mid-Day Meal, ICDS, National Health Mission etc. reach them to
improve their quality of life. The roles and responsibilities of Gram Panchayats and that of SHGs
in some of the key Rural Development schemes are given in Annexure -1 for reference.

2.4 The PRI-CBO Linkages: The thrust of the SHG programme across the country has been on
thrift and credit, develop the financial discipline and improve livelihood options. The Self Help
Group in rural areas is advantageously placed to transform the quality of delivery of many
rural development programmes. The Intensive Participatory Planning Exercise (IPPE) required
under MGNREGA gave the central role to SHGs and its federations in the preparation of the
Labour Budget. Since bulk of the works under MGNREGS is planned for implementation by the
Panchayats, the IPPE has brought an operational linkage between SHGs and Gram Panchayats...
Recognizing the need for an effective convergence between Panchayat and SHGs , the DAY-
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NRLM framework provides for PRI-CBO convergence .The PRI-CBO convergence can be
harnessed to serve as catalyst for addressing exclusion, enabling participation, claiming rights
and realizing equity

.
2.5 Need for Strengthening PRI-CBO Convergence: Through developing an organic relation
between CBOs and PRIs, it is possible to move towards the effective delivery of welfare
programs as well as accessing entitlements. Synergy between the PRI and CBOs ensure the
empowered community to exercise its democratic rights can influence the Panchayat to better
discharge its constitutional roles and responsibility.

What is Convergence?

Convergence is the alignment of resources, objectives and expertise by diverse stakeholders to

achieve common goals. Convergence focuses on inclusivity, empowering the poorest of poor,
gender equality, and people’s participation and partnering with local governments... It strives to
address economic, social, and environmental challenges. The convergence approach has a special
significance in addressing development challenges as it is brought about through cooperation
between elected representatives, government departments, community networks and civil society
organisations.

What is PRI-CBO CONVERGENCE?

The PRI-CBO Convergence approach rests on the premise that if institutions of the poor such as
CBOs and PRIs work in collaboration for the development of the village, livelihood and social
Security of the vulnerable and poor can be significantly enhanced.

Model Questions for Group Work / Experience sharing

a) Discuss the variations in the structure of PRIs and their functional responsibilities in
respective States
b) What are the responsibilities of Gram Sabha as assigned under State PR Act
c) Discuss the Gram Panchayat-SHG Partnership initiatives taken up in respective States
d) What is the current level of participation of women in Gram Sabha and various
development committees in the villages

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 Session 3:

Community Based Organisations and their role in Village Development

Session Objectives

 Explain what are CBOs

 Discuss the different types of CBOs operating in rural areas
 Illustrate what role CBOs can play in rural development

Session Brief:

 Self-Help Groups are groups of people who share homogeneity in many aspects; gender,
culture, socioeconomic conditions and so on. In case of women self-help groups, the
homogeneity creates an extended family space where they can share their family matters
too. Starting with sharing simple issues or concerns with each other, members in SHG
begin to change and transform their thoughts into plans and actions.

 While there are many definitions of CBOs available, a simpler one defines them as all
organisations or groups of people that are based in a same geographical area, are owned
and managed by its members, have a group identity, and are not affiliated to any religious
or political group. In the context of PRIs , CBOs refer to the federations of SHGs that
evolved under poverty alleviation programmes

 PRI-CBO Convergence model leverages upon the structure and role of PRIs and CBOs,
and creates synergies between them for working together on achieving the goals of local
development

Session Content-

3.1 Community based organizations (CBOs): The Community based organizations are small
associations of people created to pursue a common objective for the benefit of their members.
They are mostly informal bodies, small in size and every member of the institution has a stake in
it. While CBOs are, indeed community based, they are neither elected nor accountable to the
community as a whole. Only the leaders of such organizations remain directly accountable to
their members. Sharing of benefits arising out of the activities of the organization gives them a
sense of belonging. There exist different types of CBOs in rural areas, which are described
below.

3.2 Self-Help Groups and DAY-NRLM: SHGs is group of women - around 10-15 in number
formed and the common activity of such groups is thrift and credit. The members of such groups
have the compulsion to save a small portion of their earnings. Apart from thrift and credit
activity, SHGs also run microenterprises. The Government of India established the National

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Rural Livelihoods Mission (DAY-NRLM) in June 2010 to implement the new strategy of
poverty alleviation woven around community based institutions. The mission of DAY-NRLM
reduce poverty by enabling the poor households to access gainful self-employment and skilled
wage employment opportunities, resulting in appreciable increase in their incomes, on a
sustainable basis through building strong grassroots institutions of the poor. The DAY-NRLM
framework delineates an important role to the Panchayats for identifying and mobilizing BPL
households into SHGs, facilitating SHG for their effective functioning, incorporating and making
financial allocations to their priority demands in the annual plans of the Gram Panchayat...

3.3 Users’ Groups: Operation and maintenance (O&M) of many public assets are often
undertaken by the users of such assets. Thus there may be users’ Association for maintenance of
a drinking water facility or for the management of irrigation tube wells. All members using such
assets become members of such groups. All of them have a stake in the assets. Once formed,
such groups formulate their internal rules for the management of operation and management
quite often, fees are charged for meeting operation and maintenance expenses. Such fee are paid
by the members voluntarily Users' groups have proved to be very useful in community
maintenance of public assets.

3.4 Youth Club: Youth clubs are organizations of the young people. In most cases, Youth Clubs
exist to serve the recreational needs of the young people. Organisation of indoor or outdoor
games is their major activity. But, they also get involved in various social works, such as,
running literacy centres, organizing relief for flood victims, conducting community festivals etc.

3.5 Mahila Mandals: Mahila Mandals are good platforms for women to take part in public
actions. Such organizations serve a social need of women to interact with the women outside
their families. They also provide forums of women to participate in various developmental
activities, such as, literacy, being aware of social problems, participation in skill up gradation
programmes etc.

3.6 Beneficiary Committees: The beneficiary committees are also CBOs, but with slight
difference. The beneficiaries of the activities belong to the local community, but their hold over
the activities of the committee members remains weak. The committee members act on behalf of
the beneficiaries. If the beneficiaries are not vigilant, there may be a scope for committee
members to misuse their power.

3.7 Joint Forest Management Group: Forest property belongs to the government but the local
community around the forest has a stake in it, as they collect branches, twigs and other minor
forest produce from the same. Protection of the property from theft, unauthorized felling of trees
and trespass were posing problems to the government. The Forest Department came up with the
idea of community participation in the management of forest. For this purpose, Joint Forest
Management (JFM) Groups were established with membership drawn from the local community.

14
They are given substantial responsibility in managing forests. In exchange of the same, a part of
the income from the forest property is allowed to be shared by the group members.

3.8 Role of CBOs in Village Development: Development is a process in which people

themselves play the role of agents of change. In other words, development is the outcome of
activities undertaken by the people themselves. In democracy citizens’ responsibility does not
end with casting their individual votes but they involve themselves directly in sharing the burden
of providing goods and services relevant for their own development. The role of government in
development is only that of a facilitator. The CBOs supplement the effort of the government
institution and play a crucial role in development. Active involvement of CBOs can bring
about rewarding results in the areas such as universalizing elementary education, primary health
care, family welfare, sanitation, operation and maintenance of water supply schemes, thrift and
credit programme and micro enterprise etc. Thus in order to make development programmes
participative, the PRIs has a responsibility to promote and involve CBOs, in social and
economic sector development programmes.

Role of SHGs & SHG Federation

Providing an interface: Federations can act as an interface between the community, Gram
Panchayats and other developmental organisations. In some cases, SHGs themselves will not be
able to effect the required change. However, they are in a position to identify problems, raise
awareness on issues and promote appropriate policy shift. They can pressure the government and
other institutions to recognize their demands and access their rights and entitlements. A
federation can provide assistance in linking individuals to existing structures as well as in
establishment of alternative forms of economic and social activities.

Enhancing leadership qualities: The expansion of leadership qualities can be seen at the
federation level of the CBO. The members of the SHG can expand their leadership qualities by
being a part of the federation wherein they work towards the benefit of several SHGs and the
community.

Expanding knowledge: They also work very closely with the Panchayat. Through this, they
also gain knowledge of the roles, duties and responsibilities of the Panchayat. This further helps
them demand their rights in the capacity of a right holder as well as a leader of the women
community. Knowledge of the community is enhanced through sharing and learning from the
groups.

Promoting social justice and equity: Working towards social evils, discrimination and
marginalization

Monitoring: Federations can monitor and follow up with the demands raised by the community
at various platforms like Gram Sabha, Gram Panchayat, line departments etc.

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Model Questions for Group Work / Experience sharing

 How DAY-NRLM in various states have reduced poverty by enabling the poor
households to access self-employment and skilled wage employment
 How the active involvement of CBOs can bring about rewarding results key RD schemes
such as ICDS, primary education and SBA etc.

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 Session 4:

PRI – CBO Convergence

Session Objectives:

 Need and Opportunity for Convergence

 Objectives of the PRI_SHG Convergence
 Rationale and the principles of the Convergence
 Areas where the PRI-CBOs can work effectively

Session Brief:

 PRI-CBO Convergence is a process in which the Community Based Organisations work

seamlessly with the Panchayati Raj Institutions

 The PRI-CBO Convergence approach is based on the premise that if institutions of the
poor such as CBO and PRI collaborate with each other to work for the development of
the village...

 The PRI-CBO convergence enables the Panchayats and SHG network to work together to
strengthen the poor’s access to entitlements and enhance the public’s participation in
local governance for improved service delivery. To achieve this, capacity of the Local
Resource Group need to developed to work towards enabling the convergence of PRI and
CBO.

Group Work:

 The participants may be divided into various small groups and specific tasks can be
assigned to them. While forming a group, care should be taken to ensure that the group is
a mixed one in terms of age, education, experience and position of the participants. The
group may select a group leader who will have the role of group coordinator. Internal
faculty members can be attached to groups as group facilitators. The groups could be
assigned a specific theme relating PRI-CBO convergence on which they would brain
storm and present their group reports.

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Session Content-

4.1 The Need and Opportunity for Convergence: The Gram Panchayat Development Plans
also include component addressing vulnerabilities of poor and marginalized people and their
livelihood opportunities through an integrated poverty reduction plan. Democratization and
participation of the poor are essential conditions for planning, which can be achieved by
convergence between PRI and CBOs. The SHGs and their federations, as institutions of the poor
have a key role in the planning for and implementation of interventions for economic
development and social justice. The SHGs need to be provided an opportunity to actively
participate in Gram Sabhas and other forums of panchayats, provide feedback through
community based monitoring, and support Gram Panchayats in their development initiatives and
planning exercises. DAY-NRLM envisages that the SHGs and their village level federations
work closely with the Gram Panchayats – to access rights, entitlements and schemes of the
Government for their members and also to lend support to the efforts of the Panchayats in
preparation of GPDP. Convergence with SHGs at habitation and Gram Panchayat level
significantly increases the community ownership of public programmes

4.2 Objectives of the PRI-CBO Convergence: The following are the objectives of the PRI-
CBO Convergence

1. Empower the poor to know, to demand and to access their rights and entitlements.
2. Include the poor and vulnerable sections of the community in the local development -
process and enable them to benefit from it.
3. Strengthen local democracy making the Gram Panchayats responsive and accountable.
4. Engender local level development and make it participatory and inclusive.
5. Increasing the efficiency and reach of poor centric programmes
6. Better participatory planning by the panchayat along with the community organization
network
7. Empower the community to help strengthen and sustain local government institutions
8. Strengthening of women’ participation in local self-governance processes`
9. Make the Panchayati Raj System more responsive towards the needs of the society,
particularly women
10. Help develop cadre of community professionals to work with community institutions and
local governments to strengthen capabilities for convergence

4.3The Rationale for the Convergence

1. The SHGS and their federations would learn the workings of democracy and help them
develop locally relevant norms for collective decision making, in the Gram Sabhas,
which in tum could promote public action for common good.
2. Make the community aware of their rights, entitlements and enable them to avail of
opportunities.

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 3. Help the SHGs get direct benefits from the local plan, particularly work and livelihoods,
basic services and basic needs from various centrally sponsored schemes
4. Encouraging community participation and closely engaging with the poor on equal
terms deepens the democracy and the legitimacy of the Gram Panchayat
5. Gram Panchayats can utilize the SHG networks to strengthen Gram Sabha, particularly to
improve local level planning, use them for outreach, extension and service delivery as
well as feed-back.

PRI-CBO Convergence Model

PRI-CBO Convergence model leverages upon the structure and role of PRIs and CBOs, and
creates synergies between them for working together on achieving the goals of local
development. These bodies can work together in the following ways:

1. PRIs Can:

Create awareness among the communities about the entitlements through CBOs.

Influence line departments for delivery of entitlements to the targeted communities.

Work with CBO to identify the target beneficiaries of a government scheme.

CBOs Can:

Effectively participate in Gram Sabha and advocate for their rights and entitlements

Assess local needs and issues and play a vital role in formulating GPDP

-4.4 Principles Underlying the Convergence: The following are the general principles
convergence between Panchayats and SHGs.

1. Acceptance of Panchayats as institutions of local self-Government.

2. Recognizing SHGS and their federations as autonomous institutions of the poor with
clear rights and functions. Their autonomy should not be infringed in any manner by the
Panchayats under any circumstance.
3. Both Panchayats and the SHGs have a strong right to know the details of functions,
responsibilities and activities of each other through sharing of information and holding
consultations and dialogues.
4. It is mandatory to work together but on a transparent and rule based system, on the basis
of norms and criteria.

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 5. To make the partnership functional and smooth, linkages need to be worked out –
structural linkages, financial linkages, and development linkages and so on.

4.4 Areas of PRI-CBO Convergence: Gram Panchayat and SHGs / SHG federations can work
together in the following areas -

1. The Gram Panchayat could facilitate and support in social mobilization, institution building,
Participatory Identification of Poor (PIP) and its endorsement in Gram Sabha, allocating
resources to the priority demands of the SHGs and their federations in the annual plans/activities
of the PRIs and Coordinating with different departments and agencies on behalf of the SHG
network.

2. SHGs and their Federations could encourage their members to attend the Gram Sabha for
placing their demands and needs. The SHGs can discuss the needs and demands of the
community and prioritize for placing before Gram Sabha. SHG federations need to participate
actively in the functional committees of GP (if they are members/invitees), in planning processes
and in community monitoring of implementation of projects by/through GPs.

3. Participatory Gram Panchayat Development Plan (GPDP) and Planning for Poverty Free GP
need to have a clear integrated poverty reduction plan with a component addressing
vulnerabilities of poor and marginalized people and their livelihood opportunities. For this,
Federations need to have ready consolidation of SECC Data, Participatory Assessment of
poverty and Entitlement etc. that meet the social development needs of the members
individually/collectively. To ensure this integration, SHG federations shall be allowed to actively
participate in different meetings, functional committees and other forums of GPDP process such
as

a) Environment generation, Data collection ,Situation Analysis and Visioning

b) Identifying Resource Envelope
c) Participation in Gram Sabha
d) Projectisation
e) Implementation of projects
f) Community based monitoring

20
Involving SHGs in the GPDP

SHGS may be formally involved in the process of preparing GPDP as suggested below:

1. Discuss their poverty and lively hood status on the basis of SECC data and participatory
assessments.

2. Develop a profile of poverty in the Gram Panchayat and may develop a matrix indicating the
main causes and solutions.

3. Prepare a poverty reduction plan converging the resources available at the command of Gram
Panchayat.

4. Pro-actively involve in the costless development components of GPDP, like access to

nutrition, health and education, providing the last link in delivery of different pubic services and
addressing social evils

Model Questions for Group Work / Experience sharing

 Discuss how the Gram Panchayat could facilitate and support VOs/ SHGs in social
mobilization and Participatory Identification of the needs of the Poor
 Which are the areas / activities/ interventions where costless development is possible in
the village
 What role the PR elected representatives can play to make the community aware of their
rights, entitlements and enable them to avail of opportunities
 How SHGs and their federations, as institutions of the poor can support Gram
Panchayats in planning interventions for economic development and social justice

21
 Session 5:

Role and Responsibilities of Different Agencies in PRI-CBO Convergence

Session Objectives:

 Explain the Role of

 Gram Panchayat in PRI-CBO Convergence
 State Government in PRI-CBO Convergence
 SRLM in PRI-CBO Convergence

Session Brief

 The Gram Panchayats have major role to play:

 to facilitate and support the VOs/ SHGs in the conduct the participatory
identification of the poor and their social mobilization

 to involve SHGs and their federations to strengthen Gram Sabha through

informed participation

 to encourage and support SHGs to prepare a poverty reduction plan as part of

GPDP , the demands of the SHGs need to be given priority

 The State Government need to issue suitable instructions to Panchayats to:

 Co-opt Community Resource Persons from the SHGS into planning teams for
Gram Panchayat level development plan which would include MGNREGS.
 Formally assign responsibilities to SHGs in assisting Gram Sabhas to identify
beneficiaries of anti-poverty programme on the basis of clear norms

 Similarly SRLMs needs to develop capacity of the Community Resource Persons /

Local Resource Groups at Federation / Gram Panchayat level by arranging necessary
training

Group Work:

 The participants may be divided into groups and will prepare a group report on a theme
and the same will be presented before the training facilitators, who would comment on
the report. This will enable the participants to evaluate the extent of learning

22
Session Content-

5.1 Role of Gram Panchayat in PRI-CBO Convergence: The Gram Panchayat may facilitate
and support SHGs in the following activities

1. Participatory identification of the poor, their social mobilization and then the institution
building as SHGS and Village Organizations.

2. Strengthen Gram Sabha through informed participation after prior discussions within
SHGs on needs and priorities.

3. In the local level planning process, specifically in matters related to poverty reduction.

4. Prepare a poverty reduction plan as part of GPDP giving priority to the demands of the
SHGs

5. Identification of workers demanding work, preparing Labour Budget, under MGNREGS.

6. Delivery of services such as mid-day meal, house-to house collection of taxes, solid
waste management, operation and maintenance of piped drinking water supply, e-services
etc. on certain cost norms

7. Provide an independent space at the premises of GP office to house the office of SHG
federations. This will not only increase the efficiency of SHGs but also improve quality
of their interactions with Panchayats.

8. Accord priority to SHGs in accessing common resources like common land, ponds,
market places etc. for enhancing their livelihood opportunities. This will not only ensure
better targeting but also enhance own source revenue of Gram Panchayats.

9. Ensure that the autonomy of SHGs is protected while according priority in accessing
common resources and involving them in delivery of services.

10. Give membership to the federation leaders and their members in the functional
committees of such as Village Health Sanitation and Nutrition Committee, School
Management Committee and Hospital Committee etc.

11. Use the social capital of SHGs for launching drive against social evils like alcohol and
substance abuse, manual scavenging, child marriage child labour, trafficking of women,
etc.

23
12. Set up joint committees chaired by Gram Panchayat President and members from GP
and SHG federations for planning, implementing and monitoring the convergence
activities at GP level

13. Facilitate and support Federations of women to conduct Participatory Identification of

Poor and identification of suitable works for livelihoods and wage employment etc. and
get endorsed in Gram Sabha

14. Use the SHGS for out-reach, particularly in behavior change communication, and
dissemination of information on developmental programmes and schemes to the target
groups

15. Utilize the SHGs for community based monitoring, especially of service delivery and
performance of developmental interventions with specific reference to Sustainable
Development Goals (SDGs).

16. Entrust responsibilities for implementation of programmes to SHGs and their federations
through community contract as locally appropriate.

17. Use SHGs, as agencies for operation and Maintenance (O&M) of utilities and assets with
freedom to collect reasonable user charges.

18. Develop Community Resource Persons (CRPS) from among the SHGs to carry out
different developmental tasks on proper remunerations.

19. Lease out panchayat resources (like fish ponds, common properties, market yards etc.)
SHGs and their federations

20. Assign SHGs a role in facilitation of the Situation analysis ,Visioning, Projectisation ,
activating and organising Mahila Sabhas

21. Make suitable financial allocations to the priority demands of the SHGs and their
federations in the annual plans/ activities of the PRI

22. Include SHGs/ federations in community based monitoring of schemes and projects of
Gram Panchayats both for processes as well as outcomes

23. In the Fifth Schedule areas, where Gram Sabha has been empowered with decision—
making powers, SHGs may be involved in realizing the provisions of PESA Act, 1996.

24
 PRIs in Leadership Role
1. Developing a vision for the Panchayat, outlining what the Panchayat could do
2. Fitting the vision to the Panchayats resource envelope
3. Setting targets for social and economic development and prioritizing these targets
4. Enabling access to various services and entitlements
5. Having an effective grievance redressal mechanism in place
6. Monitoring outputs and outcomes
7. Collaborating with local partners for development

5.2 Role of SHGs in PRI-CBO Convergence -

1. Access support from Gram Panchayat for social mobilization and for identifying the left-
tout and vulnerable sections of the community to bring them into SHGs.

2. Work with Gram Panchayats for conducting Participatory identification of Poor and get
the process endorsed in Gram Sabha.

3. Participate actively in Gram Sabha with consolidated demands as agreed beforehand in

SHGs and SHG federation especially in accessing work and assets under MGNREGS and
benefits from GPDP.

4. Help Gram Panchayats to conduct the Gram Sabha by helping them in publicity,
facilitating discussions and documentation.

5. Take up the service delivery responsibilities entrusted by Gram Panchayats such as mid-
day meals, house to house collection of taxes, solid waste management, operation and
maintenance of piped drinking water supply, e-services, etc. by claiming appropriate fees.

6. Conduct Participatory Assessment of Entitlements (PAE) in each SHG and consolidate at

V0 and GP level and prepare the Entitlement Access Plan (EAP).

7. Work with Gram Panchayat for accessing the common resources of Gram Panchayats
such as like fish ponds, common properties and market yards etc. as livelihood base for
SHGs.

8. Access information from Gram Panchayat and disseminate amongst SHG members on
issues related to available government services and schemes.

25
 9. Take the lead for preparing Gram Panchayat Poverty Reduction Plan in association with
Gram Panchayat and other stakeholders and ensure the adequate resources from Gram
Panchayat and other line departments for implementing it.

10. Include PRI-CBO convergence as an agenda in all regular meetings of SHGs to discuss,
review and monitor participation in planning and implementation.

11. Participate actively in functional committees of Gram Panchayat and in Gram Sabha to
participate in the planning process of Panchayats

12. Prepare Micro credit plans covering all member families, undertake participatory
identification of the poor, participatory assessment of entitlements for incorporating into
the Gram Panchayat Development plans

13. Take up the service delivery responsibilities of GP by claiming appropriate fees

14. Participate in community monitoring mechanisms of GP project implementation

15. Work with GP for accessing the common resources of GPs like fish ponds, common
properties, market yards etc.as livelihood base for SHGs.

16. Facilitate Sensitization and Information dissemination about schemes and entitlements
and mobilization for Gram Sabha by using IEC materials – Poster, wall writings,
Pham/leaf lets, etc.

CBO in a Partnership Role

1. Mobilizing the community for Gram Sabha and Panchayat action Providing support to
achieve Panchayats vision and development goals
2. Identifying beneficiaries who have not got access to programmes and schemes, and
bringing them to the Panchayats attention
3. Acting as a channel of communication between the Panchayat and its people monitoring
the functioning of institutions like the PDS, Anganwadi etc.
4. Monitoring the implementation of schemes like MNREGS, SBM Voices of the
community should be brought to public forums and committees in the Panchayat such as
Village Water and Sanitation Committee

5.3 Role of State Government in PRI-CBO Convergence: State Governments have to actively
facilitate the convergence on the following lines

1. States may issue detailed guidelines to actualize the partnership. This may be
operationalized immediately in all the intensive /Resource Blocks.
2. Take technical support from the National Mission Unit of DAY-NRLM and the National
Resource Organization (viz. Kudumbashree of Kerala.)

26
 3. Bring about geographical congruence between Village Organisations (VO) and Gram
Panchayats
4. Instruct Gram Panchayats to provide office space for VO within the Panchayat Office.
5. Issue order enabling SHGs to benefit from common property under the control of Gram
Panchayat like ponds grazing lands etc.
6. Lay down procedure, as part of GPDP to get a poverty reduction plan prepared in which
SHGs are given the central rote.
7. Co-opt Community Resource Persons (CRPs) from the SHGS into planning teams of
GPDP.
8. Formally assign responsibilities to SHGs in assisting Gram Sabhas to identify
beneficiaries of anti-poverty programme on the basis of clear norms.
9. Ensure that all eligible elected women representatives are made members of SHGs
10. Create a forum for regular interaction of the VO with the Gram Panchayats at least twice
a year in which the VO would explain the needs and Gram Panchayat would formalize its
developmental support...
11. Set up Joint Committees consisting of the leaders of the VO and Gram Panchayat to
oversee the partnerships Similarly a Committee may be set up at the Block level for
trouble shooting if required
12. In the 5th Schedule areas, SHGs may be especially involved in strengthening Gram
Sabhas and their capacity suitably built up.

5.4 Role of SRLMs in PRI-CBO Convergence: SRLM may facilitate the convergence on the
following lines

1. SRLMs need to develop capacity of the Community Resource Persons / Local Resource
Groups at Federation by arranging providing necessary training.
2. Train all elected representatives (especially elected women representatives) on DAY-
NRLM and its functioning and importance on working together with SHGs
3. Put in place a common State Resource Team for GPDP and MGNREGS.
4. Put the consolidated Entitlement Plan at block level in M1S for its periodic verification
and monitoring.
5. Conduct necessary training and capacity building to the SHG leaders and GP leaders

27
Model Questions for Group Work / Experience sharing

 Discuss the scope for outsourcing the operation and maintenance of certain public
services to SHGs and also what regulatory mechanism need to be put in place by the
Gram Panchayats in such cases
 Discuss what type of forum is to be created for regular interaction of the V0s with the
Gram Panchayats
 How can the collectives of the poor can be engaged and involved in various RD
programmes to improve the governance process

28
 Session 6:
Enabling Convergence for Poverty Reduction
Session Objectives

 Explain the Meaning and concept of Participatory Assessment and Planning

 The purpose of Gram Panchayat Poverty Reduction Plan
 Integration of Gram Panchayat Poverty Reduction Plan with GPDP

Session Brief:

 Involvement of the local community in the development process is the most crucial
aspect of the sustainable development. SHGs as collectives of the poor can be the key
drivers in any local development initiative. When such citizen collectives engage
effectively with the constitutionally mandated local governance system, service delivery
improves.

 The Convergence project envisages continuous interaction of the CBOs with the public
system through participatory planning methods and tools.

 Three participatory planning tools developed during the PRI-CBO Convergence project
include the Participatory Assessment of Entitlements (PAE), Entitlement Access Plan
(EAP), and Gram Panchayat Poverty Reduction Plan (GP2RP).

Group Work:

 The participants will be divided into groups and will prepare a group report on a theme
and the same will be presented before the training facilitators, who would comment on
the report. This will enable the facilitators and the participants to evaluate the extent of
transfer of learning that has taken place

Session Content-

6.1 Participatory Assessment and Planning: Involvement of the local community in the
development process is the most crucial aspect of the sustainable development agenda. Self Help
Groups as collectives of the poor can be the key drivers in any local development initiative.
Qualitative changes can be achieved through effective engagement of CBOs with the
Panchayats. The concept of PRI-CBO convergence envisions that increased articulation of the
demand from the community through proper capacitation mechanism will improve service

29
delivery systems. Organic working together of CBO and PRI helps in developing a strong
democratic citizenship at the grassroots level. PRI-CBO Convergence also envisages developing
a strong community cadre and local institutions to improve the reach and quality of public
service delivery.

To facilitate the community participation in Assessment and Planning, the following tools have
been developed.

a) Participatory Assessment of Entitlement (PAE): This tool is used by the vulnerable

SHG households for understanding and documenting gaps in entitlement access. PAE
promotes mobilization of the SHG members. It helps in creating awareness about various
entitlements and local governance systems

b) Entitlement Access Plan (EAP): This tool is used for planning action to access
entitlements. EAP helps in assessment of their entitlement

c) Gram Panchayat Poverty Reduction Plan (GP2RP): This tool is used by the
vulnerable SHG households for jointly planning with Gram Panchayat (GP) for
eradicating poverty at the village level. This helps in preparation of comprehensive
action plan to meet the demand raised by the community.

6.2 Participatory Assessment of Entitlement (PAE): PAE is a SHG level interaction based
tool that helps in generating awareness on various entitlements and local-self-governance
systems. Using PAE, the community generates a database on its access to schemes and
participation in governance process. This database is used for making demand plans by the CBO
and is also treated as a baseline for measuring success in achieving entitlements by the
community. The PAE exercise is facilitated by the designated community cadre called Local
Resource Group of the Gram Panchayats.

6.2.1Objectives of PAE

a) Sensitisation on and mobilization for Gram Sabha and schemes

b) Data collection for assessment of project progress
c) Developing materials for planning for future activities
d) Strengthening of LRG and village organisation (VO)
e) Identification of active women from the SHG network

The PAE data is consolidated at the GP level by the VO representatives and LRG members. This
data is presented to the elected representatives and officials of the Panchayat in the presence of
all SHG members of the GP. The presentation of the PAE data gives an opportunity for the
panchayat and CBO to come together on a common platform to address the entitlement gaps

30
identified. The compiled data is treated as baseline by the CBO to make target plans referred to
as the ‘Entitlement Access Plan.’

6.2.2 Impact of PAE

a) Awareness about entitlements

b) Increased discussion on Entitlements in the SHGs
c) Data on Entitlement Status for Follow-up Actions
d) Status Evaluation of different schemes
e) Strengthening of CBO to pursue the Entitlement Demands
f) Support to PRI for the effective implementation of schemes
g) Environment Creation for Participatory Planning Process
h) Tool for situation analysis and participatory Planning
i) Strengthening of Community Cadre

6.3 Entitlement Access Plan (EAP): EAP is a target plan prepared by each Village
Organisation (VO) to address the gaps in the access to entitlements identified during PAE. Using
PAE data as the baseline, each VO sets quarterly targets for various schemes. These targets are
regularly monitored and evaluated by the VO.
6.3.1 Objectives of PAE
a) Sensitisation on and mobilization for Gram Sabha and schemes
b) Data collection for assessment of project progress
c) Developing materials for planning for future activities
d) Strengthening of LRG and village organisation
e) Identification of active women from the SHG network
As part of Post- EAP follow-up consultations are to be held with Gram Panchayat and Line
Departments to present the entitlement access status of SHG households to the GP and present
the entitlement demand in front of the larger public and get commitment from the PRI and Line
departments. The entitlement gaps are shared among the key stakeholders and draft plan is
prepared

6.3.2 Impact of EAP

 Consolidated Target Demand for various schemes
 Sensitisation of targeted community about the benefits of schemes
 Capacitation of PRI and CBO on plan preparation and effective implementation of
schemes
 Support to PRI from CBO in enhancing the outreach of social welfare schemes
 Ownership of CBO in ensuring the access to entitlements
6.4 GP level Poverty Reduction Plan

The Gram Panchayat Poverty Reduction Plan is a comprehensive demand plan prepared by the
self-help groups and their federations in partnership with the gram panchayats for local

31
development. It is an integral aspect of the convergence efforts of the National Rural Livelihoods
Mission. The document will serve as the mission and plan document around which the Gram
Panchayat and the CBO network works together to address the basic needs of the poor in the
village. The PAE and EAP method of participatory assessment and planning can be the
foundation for developing a comprehensive GP level Poverty Reduction Plan envisaged under
DAY-NRLM. Using the Socio-Economic Caste Census demand from every family with a
membership in DAY-NRLM SHGs can be collected, prioritized, combined at the village and GP
levels, to present a demand plan to the GP.

6.4.1Objective of GP level Poverty Reduction Plan: The following are the objectives of Gram
Panchayat Poverty Reduction Plan

a) Prepare comprehensive and inclusive plans for local development under the leadership of the
community network in consultation with local governments

b) Strengthen the community based organisations and their leadership for active participation in
poverty reduction activities.

c) Facilitate the development of organic interface between the federations of Self-Help Groups
and Panchayat Raj Institutions for the socioeconomic development of the villages through
appropriate mechanisms.

6.4.2 Process of GP level Poverty Reduction Plan: The GP level Poverty Reduction Plan is a
consolidation of the plans prepared by the VO or group of VOs in the panchayat. The VO plan is
prepared by the consolidation of the plans from its constituent SHGs. The entire process is
completed through necessary capacitation of the LRG members, CBO leaders and SHG office
bearers. The process will involve the following steps:

a) Access of entitlements is mapped and consolidated at SHG level during PAE. This is
merged with Social Inclusion Plan, Livelihoods Plan, and Credit Plan of the SHG to form
the ‘SHG Livelihoods and Entitlement Plan’.

b) SHG level plans consolidated at the VO level, merged with village level resource and
infrastructure development plans to form the ‘Village Livelihoods and Social Security
Plan.’

c) Plans prepared by the VO or group of VOs to form the ‘Gram Panchayat Poverty
Reduction Plan’. Scheme based demands are integrated to the allocation from GP, Line
Departments and DAY-NRLM.

6.4.3 Components of the Gram Panchayat Poverty Reduction Plan (GP2RP): The Gram
Panchayat Poverty Reduction Plan is prepared by the SHGs, consolidating the demands for
livelihoods, health and sanitation, social security, natural resource management, and basic

32
infrastructure development expressed by poor families. The components of poverty reduction
plan are as follows

Synod Components Description

1 Social Inclusion Plan Plan for inclusion of vulnerable people / households
into SHGs under DAY-NRLM
2 Entitlement Plan Consolidated demand for entitlements based on
Participatory Assessment of Entitlements
3 Livelihoods Plan Specific demands for livelihood enhancement through
agriculture, animal husbandry, skill training etc.
4 Credit Plan Demand for financial services under DAY-NRLM and
bank linkage
5 Infrastructure Development Demand for new infrastructure and renovation of
Plan existing infrastructure
6 Resource Development Demand for protection and development of natural
Plan resources

6.4.4 Integration with GPDP: It is also mandated that GPs adopt a participatory planning
process to ensure fair, transparent and effective utilization of this grant and other resources over
which they have command. GPDP should have a strong focus poverty reduction by identifying
patterns of poverty in the GP and converging different schemes and programmes like prioritizing
basic services for poor groups and localities, ensuring that the entitlements provided under
different laws, programmes and schemes (PESA rights, forest rights, social security, food
security, education, health, nutrition)are accessed improving livelihoods particularly through the
instruments of MGNREGS and the institutions created under DAY-NRLM. To effectively
address the issue of poverty alleviation and development, there is a need to optimize efforts
through inter-sectoral approaches and therefore convergence of various Rural Development
Schemes (PMAY, MGNREGS, PMGSY, DAY-DAY-NRLM, NSAP, Mission Antyodaya and
RGSA etc.) is essential. It will result in an effective GPDP with capability of addressing l is
given in Annexure coal problems. Thus, GP2RP prepared by the CBO through a community-
driven process adds value to the GPGP.

A model format of Gram Panchayat Poverty Reduction Plan is given in Annexure 4

33
Model Questions for Group Work / Experience sharing

Following are some of the challenges presently being faced by the Gram Panchayats
1...Inadequate people’s participation in the planning process and Gram Sabha.
2. Inadequate public service delivery.
3. Non harnessing social capital in the form of PRI- SHGs convergence optimally.
4. Non-inclusion of the issues related to gender, children, elderly and PwD in GPDP

Discuss how by involving CBOs the situation can be rectified

34
 Session 7:

PRI-CBO Convergence Project-

Session objectives
 To introduce the participants to the approach adopted to implement the PRI-CBO
Convergence
 project supported by Kudumbashree as National Resource Organisation (KS-NRO
 Result Frame work of the KS-NRO Project
 What are the expected achievements under KS-NRO project

Session Brief

 Convergence is an approach committed to the development of people’s network, enabling

the empowerment of the community members and building up their knowledge about the
different entitlements available to them. An empowered community exercising its
democratic rights through its citizens leads to the consciousness building of the panchayat
towards its constitutional roles and responsibilities. A conscious Panchayat gets
empowered during the process of working along with the strong community network of
the poor. Hence, PRI-CBO convergence approach foresees establishing the mutually
beneficial relationship between the Panchayat and the community in the process of
undertaking poverty eradication measures and local economic and social development of
the village. Such a linkage of the two could work best towards ensuring the livelihood
and social security of the poor and vulnerable in the community.

 Ministry of Rural Development, Government of India recognized Kudumbashree

potential to support other States by anointing it as a National Resource Organisation
(NRO) under the National Rural Livelihood Mission. As a NRO, Kudumbashree holds
the mandate to partner with interested State Rural Livelihood Missions (SRLMs) and
provide them with technical and implementation support. The NRO became functional
from May 2013 onwards.

Role Play:
 Invite 10-12 women participants from the group to come up, and ask them to conduct an
SHG meeting, as they have understood SHGs in the field. Give them 10 minutes to
prepare, and 10 minutes to present the mock SHG meeting. Ask remaining participants to
observe and note down the process of the meeting. Once the role play is over, ask the
observers what they saw in the role play. Based on what is said by the observers, begin a
discussion on SHGs highlighting that they are not merely thrift and credit societies but
much more than that

35
Session Content-

7.1 National Resource Organisation (NRO): Kudumbashree is the poverty eradication and
women empowerment programme implemented by the State Poverty Eradication Mission of the
Government of Kerala... The Ministry of Rural Development, Government of India recognized
Kudumbashree as National Resource Organisation (KS-NRO) under the National Rural
Livelihoods Mission in 2012. KS-NRO provides technical and implementation assistance to the
State Rural Livelihood Missions that partner with it. The PRI-CBO Convergence Project is an
attempt to enhance convergence between Panchayat Raj Institutions (PRIs) and Community
Based Organisation (CBO). The project uses centrally sponsored schemes as entry points for
strengthening the CBO-PRI interface. The project basically seeks to increase the efficiency and
reach of poor-centric programmes and better participatory planning by panchayats together with
the community organisation network.

7.2 Project Goals

1. Initiate processes that would ensure that the benefits under various entitlements and
schemes accrue to members of SHGs under DAY-NRLM

2. Strengthen women’s participation in local self-government processes

3. Contribute towards making the panchayat raj system more responsive towards the needs
of the society, particularly women

4. Help develop a cadre of community professionals to work with community institutions

and local governments to strengthen capabilities of convergence

5. Women, armed with knowledge on their entitlements and information on the various
schemes that they can benefit from, and an awareness on the process of local level

6. Planning by PRIs, can influence the PRI system and the way development schemes work.

7. Women’s active participation, has improved the effectiveness of the local level planning.

7.3 Guiding Principles of Kudumbashree-NRO

1. Contextualizing approaches: KS-NRO believes that each location requires interventions

suited to its particular context. Hence, KS-NRO draws from the experience of
Kudumbashree, and works with its partner-SRLMs to customize activities for
implementation in their States.

36
 2. Creating Local Capabilities for Consolidation and Expansion: KS-NRO focuses on
building local resource pools in the partner-States. This strategy based on the
understanding that locals are better positioned to work for their community. A strong
community cadre is expected to ensure the sustainability and expansion of project
activities in the aftermath of the pilot period.

3. Mentoring by experienced persons: KS-NRO selects and assigns resource persons with
experience of working with Kudumbashree in Kerala as Mentors in partner-States. The
Mentors provide day-to-day handholding support to local communities and partner-
SRLMs for the implementation of the project.

4. Professional support for monitoring, training and hand-holding: KS-NRO has a team
of professionals who provide back-end support to the work done by Mentors and the local
resource persons in the partner-States. These professionals, drawn from reputed
educational institutions from across India develop monitoring, training and handholding
systems for the projects KS-NRO supports in partner-States.

7.4 CBO-PRI Convergence Project States: The project is being implemented in 8 States
covering 22 districts and 386 Gram Panchayats
.
State Districts Blocks Gram Panchayats
Assam 2 2 36
Jharkhand 4 6 29
Karnataka 2 4 40
Maharashtra 3 3 58
Odisha 4 4 12
Rajasthan 3 3 67
Sikkim 2 7 53
Goa 2 5 91
22 34 386
Source –KS NRO Project

7.5 Result Frame work of the Project: DAY-NRLM has developed a results framework for
assessing the achievements of the PRI-CBO convergence projects taken up by SRLMs with
Kudumbashree support... The Results Framework for Convergence is as follows.

7.5.1 Governance Process Improvement- State government will come up with policy
guidelines and operational frameworks for convergence including incorporation of CBO
members into sub committees of the Panchayats... The improvements made in the quality of
governance processes related to functioning of the PRI, and CBOs will be measured

37
7.5.2 Household Benefit Results- To measure results accruing due to actual implementation of
schemes influencing livelihoods and social security of the poor families. The Project Activities
include the followings
1. Number and proportion of elected representative (ER) including women ERs trained
2. Number and proportion of SHG members and VO leaders trained
3. Number of LRG members trained and members active at the end of the pilot project
4. Number of new SHGs and VOs formed and defunct SHGs revived
5. Number of GPs and blocks taken up by SRLM for replication of pilots

7.4.3 Experience of Kudumbashree NRO: Working with the PRIs in Partner states KS-NRO
has achieved following milestones.

1. SHGs in pilot states have increased knowledge about schemes, have informally identified
beneficiaries and documented the gaps in entitlement access.

2. SHGs have planned for accessing their rights and entitlements and undertaken joint
action with Gram Panchayats.

3. Across partner states, the SHG network has been able to prepare the relevant plans, which
have been fairly successfully incorporated into the next planning process.

4. There is improvement in the leadership skills and confidence of the women from the
SHGs, as evident in the increased number of women participants in Gram Sabhas and
quality of discussions and demands raised there.

5. Committee constituted by including representatives from the CBO, Gram Panchayat and
line departments that functions as a platform for effective partnership of the PRIs and
CBO.

6. Across the partner states, initiatives have been taken to lead various activities such as
campaigns for opening bank accounts, literacy awareness, formation of Bale Sabhas,
organizing medical camps, job card meal and pension adulates etc..

38
The PRI-CBO Convergence Project:
The PRI-CBO Convergence project works within the DAY-NRLM framework of SHG network
of women. The emphasis of the project has always been women and as such, resources are
identified and developed from within the community. One benefit of this approach is that the
women have an understanding about ground realities. The rigorous Capacity Building training
sessions equip the women with adequate skills and knowledge resulting in their improved
negotiation abilities. The project not only capacitates the SHG network but the capacity building
training of PRIs as well. It strives to increase their understanding of the importance of the power
of collectives in local participatory governance. The imminent output of the project is to fulfill
the gaps of developmental needs and entitlements of socially backward and vulnerable women

Model Questions for Group Work / Experience sharing

1. What role SHGs can play in mobilizing women’s participation in Gram Sabha?

2. Discuss the case studies PRI- CBO project case studies and analyses the effectiveness
convergence happened between institutions of the poor, Gram Panchayat, line departments and
the SRLM

39
 Session 8:

Expected Outputs and Outcomes of PRI-CBO Convergence

Session Objectives

 Explain what are the expected out puts and outcomes of the PRI-CBO conversion

Session Brief:

Effective community participation and participatory planning can be achieved by bringing the
PRI-and CBOs together. The efficiency and reach of the poor centric programs run by the
Panchayats can be improved by making the CBOs an active participant in the implementation of
the program... A conscious panchayat gets empowered in the process of working along with the
strong community network of the poor. Hence, PRI-CBO convergence approach foresees
establishing the mutually beneficial relationship between the panchayat and the community in
the process of undertaking poverty eradication measures, local economic and social development
of the village.

Activity: Role Play

Conduct a second role play activity at this point as the participants have understood the holistic
concept of SHGs as development agencies. Ask around 10-12 women participants to conduct
what a usual SHG meeting is like as per their experience and understanding. Ask them to think
about what else could be part of their SHG meetings apart from the usual thrift and credit
activities. Let the mock SHG meeting go on for 10-15 minutes... Tell them this role play has to
be significantly different from the earlier role play. Also ask them to include the following points
in the discussions of their SHG meeting
a) Making a demand plan for what they need from the Gram Panchayat
b) Discussion surrounding MGNREGS job card registration and work identification
c) Discussion surrounding participating in the next Gram Sabha in the village
d) Discussion surrounding some other development issues like accessing old age pensions,
widow pensions, monitoring the functioning of Aanganwadis in the Panchayat

Give them 10-15 minutes to prepare for the same, and then ask them to perform. Ask the
observers to note whatever it is that they think is different from the previous role play.

40
Session Content-

8.1 Expected Outputs: The following are expected outcomes of PRI-CBO convergence

1. Increased access of SHG families and communities to individual entitlements,

community services, public goods and social security. For example: MGNREGS job
card, MGNREGS work and assets, access to social security pensions, proper functioning
of schools and Aanganwadis, mid-day meals, ensuring entitlements under Right to
Education Act and Right to Food Act, increased immunization, reduced incidence of
communicable diseases, etc.

2. Regular functioning of partnership platforms and active community cadres. For Example:
Regular meeting of Functional Committees and the level of participation of SHG
members in the committees, number of SHG members working as community cadre for
Gram Panchayat, etc.

3. Increased participation of women in Gram Sabha and various institutional and

development committees like Anganwadi Mothers’ Committee, School Management
committee, Village Health Committee, Water and Sanitation Committees, etc.

4. Gram Panchayat Poverty Reduction Plan, jointly prepared by the Gram Panchayat with
V0, in every Panchayat.
5. Services entrusted by the Gram Panchayat to the SHG for delivery.
6. Number of Elected Women Representatives as CRPs.
7. Funds provided by the Gram Panchayat to SHGs and their federations

8.2 Expected Outcomes: The following are expected outcomes of PRI-CBO convergence.

1. Increased contribution from Gram Panchayat to local economic development, reduction

of poverty and Antyodaya.
2. Increased ability and sensitivity of elected representatives on issues of poverty and to
work with community institutions.
3. Sustainable functioning of joint institutional platforms to plan and monitor partnership
activities.
4. Enhanced ability and confidence of women to access public institutions and offices,
including elected positions in the local governments.

8.3 Benefits of PRI-CBO Convergence: The following are some of the benefits of PRI-CBO
Convergence

8.3.1 Planning Exercise: By creating the institutions of the poor, the poor will be able to
organise themselves and undertake planning for themselves. Panchayats by working with the
institutions of the poor will be able to use them as vehicles of information dissemination to reach

41
up to the grass roots. So the strategy is to utilise the existing potential of using the
constitutionally mandated Panchayats to work with the Community Based Organisations. An
empowered and democratically conscious community will in turn strengthen the effectiveness
and delivery mechanism of the local government institutions.

8.3.2 Optimum Use of Resources: PRI-CBO Convergence envisages developing a strong

community cadre and local institutions to improve the reach and quality of public service
delivery. The linkages establish symbiotic relationship between the panchayat and community in
the process of undertaking poverty eradication measures, local economics and social
development of the village. An empowered community exercising its democratic rights through
its empowered citizens makes the Panchayat sensitive towards optimum utilization of available
resources for village development.

8.3.3 Implementation of Programmes: The efficiency and reach of the pro poor centric
programs run by the Panchayats can be improved by making the CBOs active participant in the
implementation of the program. The CBOs can be used as an active tool by Panchayats to realize
many of their constitutional responsibilities. The opportunity enables the CBOs to become
sensitive towards their rights and capability to demand for entitlements. An empowered and
democratically conscious community will be in turn strengthening the effectiveness and delivery
mechanism of the local government institutions. PRI–CBO convergence is an effective
methodology for implementing the community oriented rural development programme and for
delivery of welfare programs as well as accessing entitlements

42
43
 Annexure 1:
Role of PRIs and that of CBOs under Key Rural Development
Programme
Name of the Role of PRI
Scheme
Prepare Village Women and Child
Development Plan under Annual
Panchayat Development Plan
• Incorporate felt-needs of the children and
women into the
Annual Plan of Gram Panchayat
• Constitute Village Health Sanitation and
Nutrition Committee\
• Monitor the functioning of Aanganwadis
ICDS
Distribution and verification of job
card application form
• Register households for Job card
• Issue job cards
MGNREGA • Receive applications for work and
issue dated receipts for applications
• Identification and planning of
works, developing shelf of projects
Role of CBOs
Support Gram Panchayat in
preparing the project plan for all
Anganwadi centres in a village.
• Identify the beneficiaries for each
component of ICDS and enroll
them to Anganwadi
• Create positive environment for
ICDS through CBO network
providing local support
• Contribute to the better
functioning of Mother’s
Committee of each Anganwadi in
their locality
• Engage with various functionaries
of NHM for effective delivery of
services
• Conduct local festivals and
celebrate special days
in collaboration with Anganwadi
• Ensure that each beneficiary from
the CBO network accesses the
benefits of ICDS
Conduct of awareness and publicity
campaigns
• Facilitate registration of workers
and distributing of job cards
• Demand for work is generated at
the SHG level first and then taken
to the Gram Sabha
• Mate from CBO maps out demand
for employment from each ward
and manages the implementation
• Identification of works and sites
for MGNREGS under supervision
44

• Awareness generation and social
mobilization
• Convening Gram Sabha for
planning and social audit
• Monitoring implementation at the
village level
• Provide employment as per
demand
• Provide necessary facilities at work
site
• Explore possible convergence with
other departments and projects
• Organise Rozgar Dias at every
ward and GP level at least once a
month
Conduct baseline survey and update it at
regular intervals
• Mobilize for the construction of toilets.
SBA • Promote regular use of toilet
• Maintenance and repairing of toilets
• Promote interpersonal communication for
hygiene education
• Take initiative to construct community
toilets if needed
• Constitute Village Water and Sanitation
Committee for providing support in terms
Of motivation, mobilization,
implementation and supervision of the
programme.
NSAP Awareness generation about NSAP
and procedure for obtaining benefits under
it.
• Encourage involvement/ cooperation of
voluntary organisation
• Organise identification and prioritisation
process for beneficiaries through Gram
Sabha.
• Issue death certificate
• Monitoring and follow up in addressing
delays in sanctions and disbursement
• Periodic reviews and discussions in
of Engineers
• Mapping the possible integration
of MGNREGA
works identified with CBO action
plan
• Participation in labour budget
preparation
• CBO members’ participation in
Social Audit
mandated for MGNREGA
• On field monitoring facilitated by
CBO members
Sensitisation against open
defecation and related health issues
• Support PRIs in survey and
identification of eligible households
• Ensure that each SHG family has
IHHL
• Provide credits for SHG members
to construct toilets
• CBO can be given training to be
part of sanitation campaign
• Support PRI by enrolling as
Swachchata Doot
• SHGs can work as Rural Sanitary
Marts
• Manage Community Toilets
• Ensure availability of toilets in
public buildings like school and
Anganwadi through CBO network
Identify the eligible beneficiaries
and distribute/ collect applications
at SHG/federation meetings
• Support the applicants for getting
formalities and procedures done.
• Support Panchayat in scrutinising
and finalizing the beneficiary list
• Ensure the dispersion of the
benefits to the beneficiaries and
share complaints, if any, with
Panchayat
45
 Gram Sabha
Monitoring of vendors
• Supporting its citizens in getting
Ration Card
• Ensuring proper identification of
PDS beneficiaries
• Ensuring that beneficiaries get
their full entitlement
• Monitoring the quality of ration
distributed under PDS
Ensuring the School Management
Committee (SMC) formation
• Monitoring the quality of food
• Ensuring the hygiene and cleanliness in
the kitchen
Mid Day Meals • Ensuring that regular meetings of
SMC happens
• Taking steps to promote education
in the village
Coordination with the line
department in forming Village
Health, Sanitation, and Nutrition
Committee (VHSNC)
• Regular visit to health centres and
reporting to concerned authorities in case
of non-availability of medicines, doctors
• Regular coordination with the
NRHM ASHA workers, ANMs to get
update on the health status of the GP
• Taking steps to ensure that all
child birth are registered and are
institutional delivery
• Organising regular health camps
in coordination with health department
• Identifying the most critical
patient’s families and supporting
them to access the medical facility
• Ensuring regular meetings of
VHSNC and proper utilization of
its grants
Awareness creation among the
villagers on their entitlement under
PDS
• Supporting PRIs and Line
department in identifying the
beneficiaries
• Helping the most needy to get the
entitlement under PDS
• Raising the issue of wrong doing
with Panchayat
Encouraging parents to send their
children to school regularly
• Attending regular meetings of the
SMC
• Regularly monitoring the food
quality given in MDM
• Ensuring the cleanliness in the
kitchen
• Providing support to schools in
carrying out their different tasks
Taking up campaign on awareness
creation on health issues and season
based diseases
• Supporting ASHA workers to
ensure that all child births are
registered
• Identifying the most critical
patient’s families and supporting
them to access the medical facility
• Taking active part in meetings of
ASHA workers, VHSNC, Health
Camps etc.
• Mobilizing members to take part
in awareness campaigns, health
camps etc.
• Taking up discussions on health
issues in regular meetings of SHGs
and VOs
46
 Ensuring proper infrastructure at
schools
• Monitoring the availability of
Primary teachers
Education • Taking steps to minimize number
of schools drop outs
• Regular monitoring of the schools
in order to ensure quality of education
• Taking up focused campaigns for
girl’s education
• Taking special initiatives to
promote education
Taking up steps to mobilise youth
for skills development
DDU-GKYK • Support to line departments in
carrying out various campaign,
identification of candidates
• Conducting special meetings,
Gram Sabhas for information
dissemination
• Facilitating the process of
connecting candidates with the
concerned department
Identifying the eligible beneficiaries
through a fair process
• Facilitate the process of applying
PMAY under PMAY
• Sharing of beneficiary list with
Gram Sabha
• Informing the beneficiaries on
their selection or non-selection
• Coordination with line department
for timely disbursal of instalments
Providing the application forms
• Facilitation of the process of opening of
PM Jan Dhan account
Yojana • Calling special meetings, gram sabha for
awareness creation
• Coordination with the line department
Taking up campaigns to bring all
children to schools
• Using SHG network and VOs as
platform, ensure
there are no drop outs children in
Panchayat
• Regular visits to schools to ensure
quality of education and availability
of teachers
• Taking up the wrong doings with
the Panchayats
Awareness creation on the scheme
through meetings, campaigns
• Coordination with the Panchayat
and Line department in identifying
the eligible and interested
candidates
• Play active role in facilitating the
process of connecting candidates
with the concerned department
Support in identification and
prioritisation of eligible
beneficiaries
• Support to CBO members in the
process of getting and filling the
application forms
• Mobilising SHG network for
participation in Gram Sabha
Awareness creation
• Ensuring all SHG members have
their individual bank accounts,
access to financial institutions
• Support to members in facilitating
the process of account opening
47
 Annxure 2

Case Study 1 : “Amar Gaon Amar Achoni – GP2RP and the inroads it made in Assam”

( Tool Kit for PRI-CBO convergence Project: KS_NRO Project Assam)

Sutargaon Panchayat is located in Bajiagaon block of Nagaon district in Assam. It has a

population of 6808 people. From the inception of the project in 2014, making inroads into the
Panchayat was difficult owing to the immense pressure from the political leaders. During
consultative meetings and Gram Sabhas, it was evident that the elected representatives of the
people had no role or powers within the Panchayat. Progress with respect to access to
entitlements was also very limited due to this. It was a great pressure for the community network
to conduct an activity on their own without the permission of local political leaders. Hence, the
participatory planning activities such as PAE and EAP could only make a limited impact with
respect to liaising with the Gram Panchayat and community network in the GP.

GP2RP was initiated in the Panchayat in early February of 2016 with the training of LRG
members and subsequently the training of CBO leaders by the LRGs. Three members from each
SHG were trained for this purpose. The process of capacity building enhanced the capability of
LRG members to the level where they could take up the role of mentors and trainers. As GP2RP
was the first experience in which the community network got the opportunity to prepare a plan
for themselves, it played a vital role in strengthening the existing institutional structure of the
community organisation. The individual plans of each SHG was prepared and submitted to the
Village Organisation. The different components of the GP2RP plan made them engage with
different line departments. Learning experience that the CBO was exposed to was sufficient to
evoke a silent change within the SHG network to fight against the marginalisation of the
women’s collectives from being mere DAY-NRLM groups for thrift and credit activities.
Gradually, the VOs became strong and the formation of VOCC led to the community presenting
a unified face of women collectives in front of the political leaders.

The streamlined SHG federations started demanding for their rights and entitlements under the
leadership of VOCC. The frequent federation meetings and consultative meetings with the Gram
Panchayat gradually changed the scenario in Sutargaon GP. When the CBO leadership was able
to prepare a resource and basic infrastructure map of the Panchayat, the role of community
network in the village development was appreciated. The recognition of the potential of the CBO
is evident from the fact that the Panchayat integrated the GP2RP plan with the GPDP plan
prepared by them. There were 10 prioritized demands put forth by the VOCC, which were
approved by the Panchayat committee. One of the demands was the repair of roads in 10 of the
wards in the Panchayat. Funds for the repair of four of these roads have been sanctioned and
work has begun in these areas.

48
With the liaising of VOCC with the agriculture department, various materials are being provided
to the SHG members based on the demands put forth by them. Training programmes are also
being planned by the agriculture and veterinary departments. Based on the social inclusion plan,
251 members who were identified by the SHG members have been included into the SHG fold.
Of the 40 youths who demanded for work under DDU-GKY, 13 have already been placed. This
change witnessed in Sutargaon and many other Panchayats in Assam have been due to the
phenomenal change in confidence level of SHG women in putting forth and following up on
their demands. It has also led to effective convergence between institutions of the poor and
various institutions like the Panchayat, line departments and the SRLM

Annexure 3:

Case Study 2- PRI-CBO Convergence Project in Odisha

There are an estimated 2,71,559 women Self-Help Groups (SHGs) in Odisha . The Odisha
Livelihoods Mission (OLM) was established in July 2011 under the National Rural Livelihoods
Mission (DAY-NRLM) with an objective to enhance social and economic empowerment of the
rural poor through development of their self-sustained and community managed institutions. In
furtherance of this objective, OLM has entered into a partnership for PRI-CBO Convergence
with the KS NRO

The convergence pilot has been implemented in twelve panchayats in the four selected blocks of
the districts – Malkangiri (Malkangiri), Gajapati (Gumma), Jajpur (Dharmsala) and Sundergarh
(Balisankara). The selected areas very well capture the diversity in the state of Odisha. Selection
is made from National Rural Livelihoods Mission (DAY-NRLM), National Rural Livelihood
Programme (NRLP) and Targeted Rural Intervention for Poverty Termination and Infrastructure
(TRIPTI) Blocks. The strength of PRI and CBO in selected areas varies considerably. The
implementation of the PRI-CBO convergence pilots is in close lines with the Intensive Block
Strategy of OLM. All the blocks have the mission team in place there. Many of the activities in
the project can be done along with the rolling out of Intensive Block Strategy.

An empowered community exercising its democratic rights through its empowered citizens leads
to the consciousness building of the panchayat towards its constitutional roles and
responsibilities. Since people have limited knowledge to access to the welfare services,
PRI_CBO project of Odisha has brought the existing CBOs and constitutionally mandated
PRIs together to address the developmental needs of the people together.

49
References:

1. Guidelines for Preparation of Grama Panchayat Level Development Plans, , Ministry of

Panchayat Raj (MoPR), New Delhi. Lr,No. M- 11015/249/2015-DPE November
4,2015

2. Panchayat –SHG convergence for participatory planning at Gram Panchayat level-

Advisory of MoPR-Government of India, Ministry of Panchayati Raj New Delhi, - Lr,No
No. K-11022/31/2015-CB February 4, 2016.

3. Panchayat Self Help Group Convergence at Gram Panchayat level- Government of India
Ministry of Rural Development Department of Rural Development New Delhi Lr .No
Misc./2018-GSA May 22, 2018

4. Gram Panchayat Development Plans and Women Collectives - Charting New Territory:
Sarada Muraleedharan IAS Joint Secretary, Ministry of Panchayat Raj (MoPR),
Government of India, New Delhi , KILA Journal of Local Governance 2(2), July-
December, 2015 pp 1-8

5. Toolkit for PRI-CBO convergence- Enabling Convergence: Kudumbashree National

Resource Organisation -https://aajeevika.gov.in/sites/default/files/PRI-
CBO%20Convergence%20Toolkit_KS-NRO.pdf

6. Guidelines for Release and Utilization of Grant Recommended by the Fourteenth Finance
Commission (FFC) for Rural and Urban Local Bodies Lr. No. 13 (32) FFC/FCD/2015-16
dated 08/10/2015, Ministry of Finance, New Delhi

7. Community Professionals for Convergence- Facilitators Manual: Kudumbashree

Kerala State Poverty Eradication Mission Government of Kerala.
https://aajeevika.gov.in/sites/default/files/CPC%20Facilitator%27s%20Manual.pdf

50