Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Factors considering
3.5 types of contract
3.1
Definition When to use ?
Advantages
Disadvantages
• Low risk to the owner.
• 'Fixed' construction cost.
• Minimize change orders. • Higher risk to the contractor
• Owner supervision is reduced • Contractor free to use the lowest cost
• The contractor will maximize its production of materials. Equipment, methods
and performance. • Changes is difficult and costly.
Bill of Quantity Schedule of Rates
Contract
• Can be used to evaluate & compare • Cost effective.
• Can identify particular items on which to • Client can control and supervision over
reduce the cost the Contractor.
• Flexible framework permits changes to
Disadvantages quantities or scope requirements.
The sum paid to the The contractor is paid The contractor is paid
contractor will be the the actual cost of the according to the The actual fee paid to
actual of the work plus work plus an agreed difference proportion the contractor by
a fixed sum which has percentage to cover between the increasing or reducing
been previously agreed. overhead, profit etc estimated cost and the the basic fee.
actual prime cost.
Cost
Reimbursement
Contract
Advantages Disadvantages
Contractor’s Risk
Client’s Risk
3.2
1. Traditional Contract
4. Built, Operate,
Transfer (BOT)
5. Private Finance
Initiative (PFI)
Role of Parties
Client
• Founder / owner of project.
• Person who initiate the idea Contractor
of construction.
• Compete to win the tender.
• Offer reasonable price.
• Handle the project until handing
Designer over.
Client
Advantages Disadvantages
Sub-consultant Sub-contractors
Client
Advantages Disadvantages
Consultant Contractor
Client
Advantages Disadvantages
Built Transfer
• Used to finance large projects, typically
infrastructure projects developed through
public-private partnerships.
Advantages Disadvantages
Disadvantages
Advantages
Financier
• Bank
• Credit corporation Contractor
• Leasing company
• Main contractor
Supplier
• Nominated supplier • Sub contractor
• Manufacturer
Manpower
• Technician
• Skilled worker
• Unskilled worker
3.4
Standard
form of
Rusmi !! Do you know
what is standard
form of contract?
contract
I’m A Consultant
I’m A Employer
(Government)
I’m A Superintending
Officer (S.O)
I’m A Contractor
Communication relationship in PWD 203A
I’m A Consultant
I’m A Contractor
Government - Miscellaneous
Building
Work
NSC
Private Sector- IEM
Clause 12
Quality and Quantity • Risk of error by employer • Risk of error by contractor
of Works
International Contract
FIDIC Contract or Agreement
Construction Contract, 2nd Edition FIDIC Conditions of Contract for Plant and Design-Build Contract,
(2017 Red Book) EPC/Turnkey Projects, Second Second edition (2017 Yellow Book)
edition (Silver Book)
3.5
Type and complexity Allocation Risk
of project