Assignment 3F

BSCE 2201- Construction Material & Testing Lec

Liceo de Cagayan University
SY; 2021- 2022, 2nd Semester/2022-2023,1st Semester

Name: Jerro Nesa M. Dida-agun Date: May 3, 2023

Course & Year: BSCE-2 Instructor: Loreto Hingpit

METALS

Instruction: Research the answers of the following questions.

1. What are the types of steel for reinforcing and prestressing concrete cbb?
• The steel used in Prestressed Concrete are wires, strands, and solid
bars. Prestressed concrete uses high tensile strength steel that is
manufactured by increasing the carbon content in steel compared to
ordinary mild steel used in R.C.C.

2. Differentiate pretensioned concrete from post-tensioned concrete beams.

• Pretension is the technique in which we are imparting tension in strands
before placing the concrete. Post tensioning is done by forming a duct in
which strands are pulled (tensioned) after the concrete gains it's full
strength.

3. State the characteristic properties or features of the following metal which would
enable them to be identified.
(a) high tensile steel – a strong and durable metal alloy composed primarily of
chromium, molybdenum, silicon, manganese, nickel and vanadium. This
special combination gives the steel remarkable tensile strength at
temperatures ranging from below zero to almost 2000 degrees Fahrenheit.

(b) copper – it is malleable, ductile, and an extremely good conductor of both

heat and electricity. It is softer than zinc and can be polished to a bright finish.
It is found in group Ib of the periodic table, together with silver and gold.
Copper has low chemical reactivity.

(c) brass – a low-friction, soft, non-ferrous metal which is easily drilled, machined,
sawed and punched. Brass is an excellent choice for components in which
corrosion-resistance is important.

(d) phosphor bronze – have superb spring qualities, high fatigue resistance,
excellent formability and solderability, and high corrosion resistance. They are
primarily used for electrical products, other uses include corrosion resistant
bellows, diaphragms, and spring washers.

(e) zinc – a lustrous bluish-white metal. It is found in group IIb of the periodic
table. It is brittle and crystalline at ordinary temperatures, but it becomes
ductile and malleable when heated
 Give applications of each in the building industry.

High tensile steel uses range from bungee cord springs to large-scale bridge construction
projects. Its durability, malleability and ductility make it a smart choice when looking for a high-
performing metal that can withstand stressful conditions.

copper is used in roofing systems, flashings and copings, rain gutters and downspouts, building
expansion joints, wall cladding, domes, spires, vaults, and various other design elements.

Brass is corrosion resistant and easily malleable. It got widely used to make all accurate
scientific and navigational instruments, for example, clocks, navigational apparatuses, and
watches. Many brass clocks made in the 17th and 18th century are still in working condition.
Since brass has a gold-like luster, it is used for decoration purposes. Due to its low melting
point, it is used for making utensils. It got used for making a wide variety of musical instruments
because of its acoustic nature and economical price as compared to gold and silver.

Phosphor Bronze is used for springs, bolts and various other situations where resistance to
fatigue, wear and chemical corrosion are required. Phosphorous helps in reducing the viscosity
of molten alloys which results in easier and cleaner to cast.

Zinc (Zn) is used in architectural applications for rainwater systems, cladding and roofing, and
alloyed with copper and titanium. This combination of metals maximises tensile strength,
malleability and load bearing capacity. Zinc sheet and plate develops a natural patina when
exposed to carbon dioxide-rich air.