From equation 2-2 of book “Strength of Materials- Ferdinand L.

Singer & Andrew Pytel”

Factor of Safety and working stress

or
The yield point is selected as the basis for determining in structural steel because it is the stress at which
a prohibitively large permanent set may occur. For other materials, the allowable stress is usually based on
the ultimate strength.

Problem: A cylindrical water tank of height 25m, Problem: A cylinder of thickness 1.5cm, has to
inside diameter 2·2 m, having vertical axis is open at withstand maximum internal pressure of 1.5 N/mm2.
the top. The tank is made of steel having yield stress If the ultimate tensile stress in the material of the
of 210 MN/m2. Determine the thickness of steel used cylinder is 300N/mm2, factor of safety 3.0 and joint
when the tank is full of water. Given: Efficiency of efficiency 80%, determine the diameter of the
the longitudinal joint = 70 %; Factor of safety = 3 cylinder.
[Example 10·4. Book: Strength of Materials (Mechanics [Example 17·8. Book: A text book of Strength of
of Solids)- Er. R.K. Rajput] Materials - Dr. R.K. Bansal]

Solution: Solition: Given,

Working stress Thickness of cylinder, t = 1.5cm
2
The pressure will be maximum at the base. This pressure Internal pressure, P = 1.5 N/mm
2
must be resisted by steel sheet and therefore the thickness Ultimate tensile stress = 300 N/mm
must be determined by taking the maximum pressure into Factor of safety = 3.0
consideration.
∴ Working stress
Pressure at the base , p = wh
Joint efficiency, η= 80%=0.8
=10× The stress corresponding to longitudinal joint is
= 0.25 given by,
Since the tank is open at the top, there will only be
hoop (or circumferential) stress which, under any
circumstances, should not exceed the working stress.
We know, ∴d
=160cm = 1.6m (Answer)
∴t
=0.0056m
≈6 (Answer)

DPDC-2020
A cylindrical water tank of height 25m, inside diameter 2·2 m, having vertical axis is open at the top. The tank material
having yield & ultimate stress of 210 MN/m2 and 330 MN/m2. Determine the thickness of material used when the tank
is full of water. Given: Factor of safety = 3 [Similar, where material is not mentioned and efficiency is not given]

Solution: If the tank material is steel, then

As the tank material is unknown then we can consider the Ultimate Working stress
stress,
Working stress Pressure at the base , p = wh

Pressure at the base , p = wh

=10×
=10× = 0.25
= 0.25 We know,
We know,
∴t
∴t =0.0039m
≈ 4mm (Answer)
=0.0025m
≈ 2.5mm (Answer)
By-Emran Hossain facebook.com/emran.ruet
Fb Page: https://www.facebook.com/EngineeringJobPreparation/ Web: www.engineerscafebd.com ;