CHAPTER 1

1. is essentially a decision-making process

2. It is a study of the decision making process
by the engineer, for the satisfaction of human needs.
3. This type of design needs lot of research, technical ability and creative thinking.
4. This type of design needs no special knowledge or skill and can be attempted by designers of
ordinary technical training.
5. This type of design needs considerable scientific training and design ability in order to modify the
existing designs into a new idea by adopting a new material or different method of manufacture.
6. This is based on empirical formulae which in turn is based on experience and experiments.
7. This is based on determining the stresses and strains of components and thereby deciding their
dimensions.
8. These are based on industrial considerations and norms viz. market survey, external look,
production facilities, low cost, use of existing standard products.
9. It is the design of any complex mechanical system like a motor car.
10. It is the design of any element of the mechanical system like piston, crankshaft, connecting rod,
etc.
11. It is the best design for the given objective function under the specified constraints.
12. This type of design depends upon the use of computer systems to assist in the creation,
modification, analysis and optimization of a design.
13. the art of developing new ideas for the
construction of machines and expressing those
ideas in the form of plans and drawings.
14. an assembly of elements with successfully constrained relative motions, which is used for
transforming other forms of energy into mechanical energy to do some particular kind of work.
15. This involves collection of data / information, which indicates the nature of problem and
purpose of the design.
16. It is the analysis of all external and internal forces acting on the machine part.
17. importance must be given to strength, accuracy of motion, efficiency.
18. consideration must be given to the life of various parts, availability and cost.
19. Machine element design must function within allowable stresses without failure.
20. The purpose of this step is to prepare or determine the probable dimensions of all the parts.
21. Before working drawings are made, the design must be revised to take into
account of all practical requirements such as manufacturing requirements, operations
requirements, assembly requirements etc.
22. A final working drawing must be clear, concise, and complete. It must have enough views, cross-
section with all details.
23. tell what the device must do, using general, non-quantitative statements and employ action
phrases such as support a load, to lift a crate, to transmit power, or to hold two structural members
together.
24. are detailed, usually quantitative statements of expected performance levels, environmental
conditions in which the device must operate, limitations on space or weight, or available materials
and components that may be used.
25. are statements of desirable quantitative characteristics of a design that assist the designer in
deciding in which alternative design is optimum- that is, the design that maximizes benefits while
minimizing disadvantages.
26. are those which have metals other than iron as their main constituent such as copper aluminum,
brass, tin, zinc etc.
27. are those which have iron as their main constituent such as cast iron, wrought iron and steel.
28. color, size, shape, density, melting point, boiling point, thermal conductivity, electrical
conductivity etc.
29. Elasticity, plasticity, ductility, brittleness, malleability, toughness, hardness, strength,
resilience, and creep.
30. a set of specifications for the Analysis, Design, Manufacture and construction of Machine
Element.
31. a set of specifications for parts, materials or processes intended to achieve uniformity, efficiency
and specified quality.
32. represents the type of steel.
33. represents the percentage of carbon or points of carbon
34. represents percentage of major alloying element.
35. The process of applying the various techniques and scientific principles for the
purpose of defining a device, a process, or a system in sufficient detail to permit it’s
realization.
36. The forces may be due to; Energy transmitted by the parts, Dead or Self Weight, Inertia forces,
Centrifugal forces, Change in temperature, Change in velocity
37. The main objective of this is to achieve a specified degree of safety, efficiency, and quality.

CHAPTER 2
1. The internal force per unit area which tends to resist deformation.
2. The internal forces and the corresponding stresses acting in the direction perpendicular to the
surface
3. When a load is acting in such a way that it tends to pull apart the particles of the material causing
extension in the direction of application of load
4. the load is acting in such a way that it pushes the particles of the material nearer causing
shortening in the direction of load,
5. one which acts parallel or tangential to the surface.
6. Localized compressive stress at the surface of contact between two members of a machine part
that are relatively at rest.
7. Is the twisting of an object due to an applied torque
8. Stress on the cross-sectional area of a beam due to the bending moment of the beam under load.
9. When a force or load acts on a body it undergoes deformation. This deformation per unit length
10. It has been found experimentally that when a body is stressed within elastic limit, the lateral
strain bears a constant ratio to the linear strain,
11. the change in a right angle of a stress element when subjected to pure shear stress,
12. The ratio of the change in volume to the original volume
13. When a body is subjected to three mutually perpendicular stresses, of equal intensity, then the
ratio of the direct stress to the corresponding volumetric strain
14. The relationship between loads and deflection/stress-strain in a structure of a
member can be obtained from experimental load-deflection/stress-strain curves
15. Materials that can be subjected to large strains before rupture. Have high percent elongation
16. The constant of proportionality
17. limit beyond which the material will no
longer go back to its original shape when the load is removed, or it is the maximum stress that may
e developed such that there is no permanent or residual deformation when the load is entirely
removed.
18. The region in stress-strain diagram from O to P
19. point at which the material will have an appreciable elongation or yielding without any increase
in load.
20. The maximum ordinate in the stress-strain diagram is the ultimate strength or tensile strength.
21. strength of the material at rupture. This is also known as the breaking strength.
22. work done on a unit volume of material as the force is gradually increased from O to P, in
N⋅m/m3.
23. work done on a unit volume of material as the force is gradually increased from O to R, in
N⋅m/m3
24. is defined as the actual stress of a material under a given loading.
25. The maximum safe stress that a material can carry
26. The ratio of this strength (ultimate or yield strength) to allowable strength
27. equal to the slope of the stress-strain diagram from O to P.
28. region from P to R
CHAPTER 3
1. the algebraic difference between the upper and lower deviations from basic size.
2. refers not only to the diameter of a circular shaft, but it is also used to designate any external
dimension of a part.
3. refers not only to the diameter of a circular hole, but it is also used to designate any internal
dimension of a part.
4. It is the size of a part specified in the drawing as a matter of convenience.
5. It is the size of a part to which all limits of variation (i.e. tolerances) are applied to arrive at final
dimensioning of the mating parts.
6. It is the actual measured dimension of the part.
7. The largest permissible size for a dimension of the part is called upper or high or
___ limit, whereas the smallest size of the part is known as lower or ___ limit.
8. It is the difference between the basic dimensions of the mating parts.
9. It is the difference between the upper limit and lower limit of a dimension.
10. It is the zone between the maximum and minimum limit size,
11. It is a straight line corresponding to the basic size. The deviations are measured from this line.
12. It is the algebraic difference between the maximum size and the basic size.
13. It is the algebraic difference between the minimum size and the basic size.
14. It is the algebraic difference between an actual size and the corresponding basic size.
15. It is the arithmetical mean between the upper and lower deviations.
16. It is one of the two deviations which is conventionally chosen to define the position of the
tolerance zone in relation to zero line,
17. The degree of tightness or looseness between the two mating parts
18. is the amount by which the actual size of the shaft is less than the actual size of the mating hole
in an assembly
19. is the amount by which the actual size of a shaft is larger than the actual finished size of the
mating hole in an assembly
20. tolerance zone of the hole is entirely above the tolerance zone of the shaft.
21. In this type of fit, the size limits for the mating parts are so selected that interference between
them always occur,
22. In this type of fit, the size limits for the mating parts are so selected that either a clearance or
interference may occur depending upon the actual size of the mating parts,
23. When the hole is kept as a constant member (i.e. when the lower deviation of the hole is zero)
and different fits are obtained by varying the shaft size,
24. When the shaft is kept as a constant member (i.e. when the upper deviation of the shaft is zero)
and different fits are obtained by varying the hole size,
25. is the difference between the sizes of the hole and the shaft before assembly.
26. the arithmetical difference between the sizes of the hole and the shaft, before assembly.