PHY 116 (lab 7)

The moon, its phases and tides

Spring 2023
The moon

the moon is It the closes astronomical object to use only 384,400 km approximately.

Also the moon is the fifth largest moon in the solar system.
The biggest moon in the solar system Ganymede of Jupiter is and the smallest is Deimos of Mars.
 The moon how it is formed

the moons was formed when a mars sized object collided with the Earth.
After the impact the debris combined the two shapes .

the bigger one was pulled by the earths gravity because of its smaller
distance and more mass.

but smaller one created the moon and managed an stable orbit around
the earth.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kRlhlCWplqk
 The moons internal structure.

It has a solid iron inner core and a liquid outer core and a tick mantle and a
crust of lighter materials on top.

The visible surface of the moon is divided into two parts highlands (heavily
cratered and mountainous), and mare (made by asteroids impact and lava)

The are some mountains on the moon but it is because of the plate tectonic but
it made by giant impacts, which pushed the surface and creating the
mountains.
 The phases of the moons
The phases of the moon we see depends on the direction the sun light hitting
it and the angle we see that from earth.

The 8 phases of the moon.

New moon, waxing crescent, first quarter, waxing gibbous.
Full moon.
Waning gibbous, third quarter, waning crescent.

One side of the moon is always dark because the sun light doesn’t reach
there also because the moon is almost a sphere shape.
The moons phases
The moons phases
The moons phases
Simulation for The moon’s phases

this simulation from Astronomy Education at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln.

Simulation link

https://contrib.pbslearningmedia.org/WGBH/buac19/buac19-int-moonphaseint/index.html
 What is tide and tidal force

The tidal force is a gravitational effect that stretches any of the two bodies
towards the center of mass due to gravitational field between them.

An example of tidal forces is ocean tides. The Earth's gravity pulls on the
Moon, and the Moon's gravity pulls back on the Earth.

The tidal force of the moon causes Earth and its water to bulge out on the
side closest to the moon and the side farthest from the moon
 The moons tidal force

The moon exerts a force on Earth creating two bulges on the surface of
the Earth.

The first bulge is because of the direct gravitational force of the moon
and the second bulge is created by inertia.

These bulges are called as high tides and different areas on the earth
will experience two low and high tides on daily basis because of the
earth rotation.
 The moons and the sun tidal force

The sun also produces the tidal force on earth which are called the spring tide
and the neap tide. Which happens twice in a month.

Spring tide happens when the sun and the moon aligns creating maximum high
tides because the force of the sun is combined with the force of the moon.

neap tide happens when the sun and the moon are at 90 degree creating
Lowest tides because the force of the sun is cancelling the force of the moon.
 The moons and tidal effect

Actually low tide and high tides are depending on the sun and the moon
not on the moon alone.

The effect of the moon on the earth is always the same it only differs
when combined with the sun.

So it is high tides when the gravitational force of the sun adds with the
moon.

And it will be low tides when the gravitational force of the sun cancels
the gravitational effect of the moon.
The moons and tidal effect

Simulation link

https://astro.unl.edu/classaction/animations/lunarcycles/tidesim.html
quiz

There is a pop quiz at the end of this class

In canvas
Under quizzes
10 questions one attempt and limited time.
 Questions 447

Thanks for listening

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