Crack Width in Doubly Reinforced Concrete Beam

This worksheet calculates the maximum crack spacing and width in doubly reinforced concrete beam,
compliant with Eurocode 2

1. Properties

1.1 Steel

Yield stress fy d 420 MPa

5
Modulus of elasticity Es d 2.1 # 10 MPa

1.2 Concrete
K3
Unit weight of concrete gconcrete d 25 kN$m

Characteristic cylinder strength of concrete fck d 32 MPa

Mean value of the tensile strength of concrete fctm d 3.02 MPa

Eurocode 2 Table 3.1

Mean value of the tensile strength of the concrete fct_eff d fctm

Mean value of the tensile strength of the concrete fct_eff d fctm
effective at the time when the cracks may first be
expected to occur

Secant modulus of elasticity of concrete Ecm d 33.3 GPa

Eurocode 2 Table 3.1

Modulus of elasticity of concrete Ec28 d 1.05$Ecm

Creep coefficient at relevant loading y d 1.5

time and duration

Ec28
Effective modulus of concrete Eeff d = 13.986 GPa
1Cy

Es
ae d = 15.015
Eeff

1.3 Geometry

Breadth of section b d 1000 mm

Overall depth of section h d 900 mm

Clear cover of reinforcement cc d 75 mm

Clear cover of compression reinforcement cc2 d 75 mm

Maximum allow crack width wlimit d 0.15 mm

Standard rebar diameters Dia d 10 mm, 12 mm, 16 mm, 20 mm, 25 mm, 32 mm

2
Cross-section area of rebar Area d seq p$d $0.25, d in Dia

2 2 2 2 2 2
Area = 78.540 mm , 113.097 mm , 201.062 mm , 314.159 mm , 490.874 mm , 804.248 mm

Rebar selection Dn d 6

s d 150 mm

Diameter of chosen bar f d Dia Dn = 32 mm

b 3
Area of reinforcement As d Area Dn $ = 5.362# 10 mm2
s

d d h K cc = 825 mm

f
dc d cc C =
2
 f
dc d cc C = 91 mm
2

Rebar selection Dn2 d 5

s2 d 200 mm

Diameter of chosen bar f2 d Dia Dn2 = 25 mm

b 3
Area of compression reinforcement As2 d Area Dn2 $ = 2.454# 10 mm2
s2

f2
d2 d cc2 C = 87.500 mm
2

Moment Due to Quasi-Permanent Actions MQP d 400 kN$m

2. Calculation of Tensile Stress in Reinforcement at Service Loads

2.1 Cracking Moment at Moment at Service Loads

2
b$h
C ae K 1 $ As$d C As2$d2
2
Neutral axis depths of uncracked section xu d = 465.561 mm
b$h C ae K 1 $ As C As2

3 2
b$h h
Moment of inertia of uncracked section Iu d C b$h$ K xu
12 2
transformed to concrete
2 2
C ae K 1 $ As$ d K xu C As2$ xu K d2

10
Iu = 7.559# 10 mm4

1
Cracking moment Mcr d fctm$Iu$ = 525.483 kN m
h K xu

2.2 Tensile Stress in Reinforcement

Distance from top to neutral axis

2 1 /2 K1
xd As$ae C As2$ ae K 1 C 2$b$ As$d$ae C As2$d2$ ae K 1 K As$ae C As2$ ae K 1 $b

x = 275.040 mm
 3
b$x 2 2 10
Icr d C ae$As$ d K x C ae K 1 $As2$ d2 K x = 3.249# 10 mm4
3

MQP 8
Stresses fst d $ae$ d K x = 1.017# 10 Pa
Icr

MQP 6
fc d $x = 3.386# 10 Pa
Icr

MQP 7
fsc d $ae$ xK d2 = 3.466# 10 Pa
Icr

2.3 Crack Width (Eurocode 2)

Stress in the tension reinforcement assuming ss d fst

a cracked section

Factor dependent on the duration of the kt d 0.4

load (0.6 for short term, 0.4 for long term)

hKx h
Depth of effective tension area hc_eff d min 2.5$ h K d , , = 187.500 mm
3 2
5
Effective tension area Ac_eff d hc_eff$b K As = 1.821# 10 mm2

As
Effective steel ratio for effective tension rp_eff d = 0.029
Ac_eff

Coefficient of rebar bond property k1 d 0.8

0.8 for high bond bar
1.6 for prestressing tendons (effectively
plain surface

Coefficient of strain distribution k2 d 0.5

0.5 for bending, 1.0 for pure tension

Coefficients found in national annex k3 d 3.4 k4 d 0.425

 fct_eff
ss K kt$ $ 1 C ae$rp_eff
rp_eff K4
Variance in mean strains between reinforcement e d = 2.023# 10
sm_cm Es
and concrete.

e is the mean strain in the reinforcement under the relavent combination of loads
sm
e is the mean strain in the concrete between cracks
cm
e is e Ke
sm_cm cm cm

k1$k2$k4$f
Maximum crack spacing sr_max d k3$cc C = 439.800 mm
rp_eff

s
Check s
"Check Design" e R 0.6$
sm_cm Es
check d

"OK" otherwise

check = "OK"

Crack width wk d sr_max$e = 0.089 mm

sm_cm
eq 7.8 EN 1992-1-1