11.

3 Probability in the past

1 We form the perfect infinitive with have + past participle.

She must have missed her bus.

They might have forgotten.

2 These forms express degrees of probability in the past.

They must have been so happy. more sure

He can’t have heard the news.
She may have mentioned it.
They might have gone to the park.
The train could have been delayed. less sure

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 11.3 Probability in the past

3 We form the continuous infinitive with have + been + -ing.

They must have been having a good time.

She might have been telling the truth.

4 Complete the sentences.

must have been (be) upset when her car was stolen.
1 She ______________

must not have studied. (study).

2 He got a bad grade. He ___________________

might have left (leave) late.

3 I’m not sure. They ____________

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